Compare the main article "Elektronenstrahl-Materialbearbeitung" within the German Wikipedia.
Electron beam welding (EBW) is a fusion welding process in which a beam of high-velocity electrons is applied to two materials to be joined. The workpieces melt and flow together as the kinetic energy of the electrons is transformed into heat upon impact. EBW is often performed under vacuum conditions to prevent dissipation of the electron beam.
History
Electron beam welding was developed by the German physicist Karl-Heinz Steigerwald, who was at the time working on various electron beam applications. Steigerwald conceived and developed the first practical electron beam welding machine, which began operation in 1958.
American inventor James T. Russell has also been credited with designing and building the first electron-beam welder.
Cathode rays (also called an electron beam or e-beam) are streams of electrons observed in vacuum tubes. If an evacuated glass tube is equipped with two electrodes and a voltage is applied, the glass opposite of the negative electrode is observed to glow, due to electrons emitted from and travelling perpendicular to the cathode (the electrode connected to the negative terminal of the voltage supply). They were first observed in 1869 by German physicist Johann Hittorf, and were named in 1876 by Eugen GoldsteinKathodenstrahlen, or cathode rays.
Electrons were first discovered as the constituents of cathode rays. In 1897 British physicist J. J. Thomson showed the rays were composed of a previously unknown negatively charged particle, which was later named the electron. Cathode ray tubes (CRTs) use a focused beam of electrons deflected by electric or magnetic fields to create the image in a classic television set.
Description
Cathode rays are so named because they are emitted by the negative electrode, or cathode, in a vacuum tube. To release electrons into the tube, they first must be detached from the atoms of the cathode. In the early cold cathode vacuum tubes, called Crookes tubes, this was done by using a high electrical potential between the anode and the cathode to ionize the residual gas in the tube; the ions were accelerated by the electric field and released electrons when they collided with the cathode. Modern vacuum tubes use thermionic emission, in which the cathode is made of a thin wire filament which is heated by a separate electric current passing through it. The increased random heat motion of the filament knocks electrons out at the surface of the filament, into the evacuated space of the tube.
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One of the very few vendors with the niche capability of manufacturing specialised shunts using electron beam welding (EBW) process, the company has no peers in India with similar comparable manufacturing prowess ... ....
The company manufactures thermostatic bimetal / tri metal strips, components, spring rolled stainless steels, electron beam welded shunt materials, among many other industrial products.The company ...
The qualification comes soon after the company unveiled a ground-breaking development in the acceleration of welding for large nuclear vessels, using Electron Beam Welding to reduce more than a year’s worth of manual welding to less than 24 hours.
Enapter has secured four new orders for its AEMNexus 1000 megawatt-class electrolyzer, while Fraunhofer IWU says it has started working on electron beam welding technology to overcome the speed limitations of laser beam scanner welding.
Before then, for his PhD thesis, his project aimed to achieve higher weld integrity in electron beam welding, better process monitoring, reduced failure rates in service and zero defects manufacturing.
The tokamak is lined with powerful magnets that hold the fuel in ... A UK company using Electron-Beam Welding was able to weld a full-size nuclear reactor vessel in under 24 hours instead of the usual 12 months ... .
Using conventional techniques, this can take over a year, but Sheffield Forgemasters have reduced this to under a day using what is called Local Electron-Beam Welding (LEBW) to complete four thick, nuclear-grade welds.
