-
Cytosol vs cytoplasm; What’s The Difference?
😍🖼Animated Mnemonics (Picmonic): https://www.picmonic.com/viphookup/medicosis/
- With Picmonic, get your life back by studying less and remembering more. Medical and Nursing students say that Picmonic is the most comprehensive and effective way to bridge learning and test prep...
Disclaimer: I use affiliate links....
►👨🏫💊Antibiotics Lectures: https://www.medicosisperfectionalis.com/products/courses/antibiotics/ ... Check out my brand new "Electrolytes" course at https://www.medicosisperfectionalis.com/products/course/electrolytes/ and use the PROMO code: ELECTROLYTES50 to get a 50% discount. ► Right Now! You can get access to all my hand-written hematology video notes (the notes that I use on my videos) on Patreon...There is a direct link through which you can view, download, print ...
published: 13 Oct 2018
-
Cytosolic Receptor Pharmacology
THANK YOU for watching 🩵
Please hit SUBSCRIBE 💖
And let me know what you think in the COMMENTS 💌
Connect with me at https://KwatMDPhD.com 📍
published: 09 Apr 2020
-
Cytosol vs Cytoplasm | What's the Difference?
Cytosol and Cytoplasm are often confused and sometimes used as synonyms. However, they are not the same, learn what makes cytosol different from cytoplasm.
Join the 2 Minute Classroom community page: https://bit.ly/2BoVEMT
Thanks for stopping by, this is 2 minute classroom and today we are talking about the difference between cytosol and cytoplasm.
But before we get into that, I want to let you know that I’m going to be using the community tab on my YouTube channel a lot more. There is currently a poll posted so go check it out.
Now on to the topic at hand.
Cytoplasm is defined as everything inside the cell membrane, including all structures and organelles.
However, cytoplasm does not include the what’s inside some of these organelles such as what is indide the nucleus or the mit...
published: 21 Nov 2018
-
Synchronized Mitochondrial and Cytosolic Translation
Harvard Medical School researchers have uncovered an “elegant synchronization” between the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes. Assistant professor of genetics Stirling Churchman and postdoctoral researcher Mary Couvillion describe their discovery, which was published online May 11 in the journal Nature.
Read the full story at https://hms.harvard.edu/news/power-couple
published: 12 May 2016
-
Antigen Processing and Presentation (PART I): MHC I Antigen Presentation pathway (FL-Immuno/25)
Processing and presentation of intracellular pathogens.
MHC I Antigen presentation pathway
Endogenous or cytosolic pathway of Antigen presentation.
MHC I processing
In this video lecture we will see….
How peptide fragments from pathogens and their products are produced?
How these peptide fragments are combined with MHC molecules?
And how MHC-peptide complex is presented to T cells?
published: 14 Nov 2017
-
Antigen processing and presentation/Cytosolic or Endogenous pathway
#sowmyanagaraj #sowmyanrao #swiminscience
A T-cell cannot recognize a whole antigen. Initially, the protein antigen should be degraded into peptides inside a cell by a process called antigen processing. Later, the peptide is associated with an MHC molecule and the complex is transported and displayed on the cell membrane. This process is called antigen presentation.
The cells presenting peptide antigens to T cells are generally termed antigen-presenting cells. Since all cells expressing either class I or class II MHC molecules can present peptides to T cells, they all could be designated as antigen-presenting cells. However, by convention, cells that display peptides associated with class I MHC molecules to CD8+ T Cytotoxic cells are referred to as target cells and cells that display pept...
published: 21 Mar 2023
-
Antigen presentation and it's pathways (Animation) - Cytosolic and Endocytic pathway
In this video you will learn about antigen presentation and it's pathways. Cytosolic and Endocytic antigen presentation pathways are discussed through animation in detail.
published: 15 May 2023
-
How Intracellular Receptors Regulate Gene Transcription - Animation
📌 𝐅𝐨𝐥𝐥𝐨𝐰 𝐨𝐧 𝐈𝐧𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐠𝐫𝐚𝐦:- https://www.instagram.com/drgbhanuprakash
📌𝗝𝗼𝗶𝗻 𝗢𝘂𝗿 𝗧𝗲𝗹𝗲𝗴𝗿𝗮𝗺 𝗖𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗻𝗲𝗹 𝗛𝗲𝗿𝗲:- https://t.me/bhanuprakashdr
📌𝗦𝘂𝗯𝘀𝗰𝗿𝗶𝗯𝗲 𝗧𝗼 𝗠𝘆 𝗠𝗮𝗶𝗹𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗟𝗶𝘀𝘁:- https://linktr.ee/DrGBhanuprakash
Gene transcription is controlled by multiple factors. Some proteins bind to DNA sequences and start the process of gene transcription. RNA synthesis can only occur when these activators are bound to specific DNA sequences. Inhibitors are other molecules that prevent transcription from occurring. Inhibitors bind to activator molecules and prevent them from binding to DNA. A molecular signal is necessary to remove the inhibitor molecule from the activator and allow transcription to proceed.
published: 27 Oct 2017
-
Cytoskeleton and intracellular motility
What is cytoskeleton and intracellular motility? The cytoskeleton is a network of proteins within the cell that gives each cell its shape and anchors organelles in place - keeping everything sturdy. But it’s also a dynamic network, which can change shape when the cell wants to move, contract, divide, or pull in or push out molecules.
Find our full video library only on Osmosis: http://osms.it/more.
Join millions of current and future clinicians who learn by Osmosis, along with hundreds of universities around the world who partner with Osmosis from Elseiver to make medical and health education more engaging and efficient. We have unparalleled tools and materials to prepare you for success in school, on your board exams, and as a future clinician. Sign up for a free trial at http://osms....
published: 09 May 2022
-
Cytosolic LPS activates caspase-11 pathway – Video abstract [ID 57976]
Video abstract of a review paper “Novel perspectives on non-canonical inflammasome activation” published in the open access journal ImmunoTargets and Therapy by Diamond CE, Khameneh HJ, Brough D, et al.
Abstract: Inflammasomes are cytosolic multi-protein complexes that regulate the secretion of the proinflammatory cytokines, IL-1β and IL-18, and induce pyroptosis, an inflammatory form of cell death. The NLRP3 inflammasome is the most well-characterized member of this family and functions by sensing intracellular pathogen- and damage-associated molecular patterns and activating caspase-1, which processes the biologically inactive IL-1β and IL-18 precursors into active cytokines. Recent studies have identified an alternative mechanism of inflammasome activation, termed the non-canonical i...
published: 26 Jul 2015
2:40
Cytosol vs cytoplasm; What’s The Difference?
😍🖼Animated Mnemonics (Picmonic): https://www.picmonic.com/viphookup/medicosis/
- With Picmonic, get your life back by studying less and remembering more. Medi...
😍🖼Animated Mnemonics (Picmonic): https://www.picmonic.com/viphookup/medicosis/
- With Picmonic, get your life back by studying less and remembering more. Medical and Nursing students say that Picmonic is the most comprehensive and effective way to bridge learning and test prep...
Disclaimer: I use affiliate links....
►👨🏫💊Antibiotics Lectures: https://www.medicosisperfectionalis.com/products/courses/antibiotics/ ... Check out my brand new "Electrolytes" course at https://www.medicosisperfectionalis.com/products/course/electrolytes/ and use the PROMO code: ELECTROLYTES50 to get a 50% discount. ► Right Now! You can get access to all my hand-written hematology video notes (the notes that I use on my videos) on Patreon...There is a direct link through which you can view, download, print and enjoy! Go to https://www.patreon.com/medicosis If you like my videos, please consider leaving a tip at https://www.paypal.me/perfectionalis/
► Visit my website: https://www.medicosisperfectionalis.com/ My Favorite Productivity App: https://airtable.com/invite/r/2zH40fus/ 📱Save on your mobile phone bill: http://fbuy.me/q6bMj 🏦 Qbank (TrueLearn): https://truelearn.referralrock.com/l/MEDICOSIS/
https://wn.com/Cytosol_Vs_Cytoplasm_What’S_The_Difference
😍🖼Animated Mnemonics (Picmonic): https://www.picmonic.com/viphookup/medicosis/
- With Picmonic, get your life back by studying less and remembering more. Medical and Nursing students say that Picmonic is the most comprehensive and effective way to bridge learning and test prep...
Disclaimer: I use affiliate links....
►👨🏫💊Antibiotics Lectures: https://www.medicosisperfectionalis.com/products/courses/antibiotics/ ... Check out my brand new "Electrolytes" course at https://www.medicosisperfectionalis.com/products/course/electrolytes/ and use the PROMO code: ELECTROLYTES50 to get a 50% discount. ► Right Now! You can get access to all my hand-written hematology video notes (the notes that I use on my videos) on Patreon...There is a direct link through which you can view, download, print and enjoy! Go to https://www.patreon.com/medicosis If you like my videos, please consider leaving a tip at https://www.paypal.me/perfectionalis/
► Visit my website: https://www.medicosisperfectionalis.com/ My Favorite Productivity App: https://airtable.com/invite/r/2zH40fus/ 📱Save on your mobile phone bill: http://fbuy.me/q6bMj 🏦 Qbank (TrueLearn): https://truelearn.referralrock.com/l/MEDICOSIS/
- published: 13 Oct 2018
- views: 205532
2:11
Cytosolic Receptor Pharmacology
THANK YOU for watching 🩵
Please hit SUBSCRIBE 💖
And let me know what you think in the COMMENTS 💌
Connect with me at https://KwatMDPhD.com 📍
THANK YOU for watching 🩵
Please hit SUBSCRIBE 💖
And let me know what you think in the COMMENTS 💌
Connect with me at https://KwatMDPhD.com 📍
https://wn.com/Cytosolic_Receptor_Pharmacology
THANK YOU for watching 🩵
Please hit SUBSCRIBE 💖
And let me know what you think in the COMMENTS 💌
Connect with me at https://KwatMDPhD.com 📍
- published: 09 Apr 2020
- views: 684
1:20
Cytosol vs Cytoplasm | What's the Difference?
Cytosol and Cytoplasm are often confused and sometimes used as synonyms. However, they are not the same, learn what makes cytosol different from cytoplasm.
Jo...
Cytosol and Cytoplasm are often confused and sometimes used as synonyms. However, they are not the same, learn what makes cytosol different from cytoplasm.
Join the 2 Minute Classroom community page: https://bit.ly/2BoVEMT
Thanks for stopping by, this is 2 minute classroom and today we are talking about the difference between cytosol and cytoplasm.
But before we get into that, I want to let you know that I’m going to be using the community tab on my YouTube channel a lot more. There is currently a poll posted so go check it out.
Now on to the topic at hand.
Cytoplasm is defined as everything inside the cell membrane, including all structures and organelles.
However, cytoplasm does not include the what’s inside some of these organelles such as what is indide the nucleus or the mitochondria.
Cytosol on the other hand is the fluid inside the cell that everything else “floats” around in and it is made mostly of water.
The cytosol is part of the cytoplasm.
Let’s do a quick recap, cytoplasm is all the contents within the cell membrane, and the cytosol is the fluid everything inside the cell moves around in.
And that’s it!
If you have additional questions, throw them in the comments.
Here are some other great videos, and don’t forget to check out the community tab.
I’ll catch you next time.
https://wn.com/Cytosol_Vs_Cytoplasm_|_What's_The_Difference
Cytosol and Cytoplasm are often confused and sometimes used as synonyms. However, they are not the same, learn what makes cytosol different from cytoplasm.
Join the 2 Minute Classroom community page: https://bit.ly/2BoVEMT
Thanks for stopping by, this is 2 minute classroom and today we are talking about the difference between cytosol and cytoplasm.
But before we get into that, I want to let you know that I’m going to be using the community tab on my YouTube channel a lot more. There is currently a poll posted so go check it out.
Now on to the topic at hand.
Cytoplasm is defined as everything inside the cell membrane, including all structures and organelles.
However, cytoplasm does not include the what’s inside some of these organelles such as what is indide the nucleus or the mitochondria.
Cytosol on the other hand is the fluid inside the cell that everything else “floats” around in and it is made mostly of water.
The cytosol is part of the cytoplasm.
Let’s do a quick recap, cytoplasm is all the contents within the cell membrane, and the cytosol is the fluid everything inside the cell moves around in.
And that’s it!
If you have additional questions, throw them in the comments.
Here are some other great videos, and don’t forget to check out the community tab.
I’ll catch you next time.
- published: 21 Nov 2018
- views: 67560
2:11
Synchronized Mitochondrial and Cytosolic Translation
Harvard Medical School researchers have uncovered an “elegant synchronization” between the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes. Assistant professor of genetics St...
Harvard Medical School researchers have uncovered an “elegant synchronization” between the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes. Assistant professor of genetics Stirling Churchman and postdoctoral researcher Mary Couvillion describe their discovery, which was published online May 11 in the journal Nature.
Read the full story at https://hms.harvard.edu/news/power-couple
https://wn.com/Synchronized_Mitochondrial_And_Cytosolic_Translation
Harvard Medical School researchers have uncovered an “elegant synchronization” between the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes. Assistant professor of genetics Stirling Churchman and postdoctoral researcher Mary Couvillion describe their discovery, which was published online May 11 in the journal Nature.
Read the full story at https://hms.harvard.edu/news/power-couple
- published: 12 May 2016
- views: 3073
8:09
Antigen Processing and Presentation (PART I): MHC I Antigen Presentation pathway (FL-Immuno/25)
Processing and presentation of intracellular pathogens.
MHC I Antigen presentation pathway
Endogenous or cytosolic pathway of Antigen presentation.
MHC I proces...
Processing and presentation of intracellular pathogens.
MHC I Antigen presentation pathway
Endogenous or cytosolic pathway of Antigen presentation.
MHC I processing
In this video lecture we will see….
How peptide fragments from pathogens and their products are produced?
How these peptide fragments are combined with MHC molecules?
And how MHC-peptide complex is presented to T cells?
https://wn.com/Antigen_Processing_And_Presentation_(Part_I)_Mhc_I_Antigen_Presentation_Pathway_(Fl_Immuno_25)
Processing and presentation of intracellular pathogens.
MHC I Antigen presentation pathway
Endogenous or cytosolic pathway of Antigen presentation.
MHC I processing
In this video lecture we will see….
How peptide fragments from pathogens and their products are produced?
How these peptide fragments are combined with MHC molecules?
And how MHC-peptide complex is presented to T cells?
- published: 14 Nov 2017
- views: 338425
4:48
Antigen processing and presentation/Cytosolic or Endogenous pathway
#sowmyanagaraj #sowmyanrao #swiminscience
A T-cell cannot recognize a whole antigen. Initially, the protein antigen should be degraded into peptides inside a c...
#sowmyanagaraj #sowmyanrao #swiminscience
A T-cell cannot recognize a whole antigen. Initially, the protein antigen should be degraded into peptides inside a cell by a process called antigen processing. Later, the peptide is associated with an MHC molecule and the complex is transported and displayed on the cell membrane. This process is called antigen presentation.
The cells presenting peptide antigens to T cells are generally termed antigen-presenting cells. Since all cells expressing either class I or class II MHC molecules can present peptides to T cells, they all could be designated as antigen-presenting cells. However, by convention, cells that display peptides associated with class I MHC molecules to CD8+ T Cytotoxic cells are referred to as target cells and cells that display peptides associated with class II MHC molecules to CD4+ T Helper cells are called antigen-presenting cells. Since T cells can only recognize antigenic peptides presented by APC, antigen processing and presentation play an important role in immune responses, especially cellular immunity.
On the basis of the types of antigen to be processed and presented, antigen processing and presenting pathways are of two types:
1. Cytosolic pathway/endogenous pathway
2. Endocytic pathway/exogenous pathway
Cytosolic/endogenous pathway of antigen processing and presentation
Cytosolic/endogenous pathway process and present the endogenous/intracellular protein antigens associated with class I MHC molecules. Since all nucleated cells express class I MHC molecules, any nucleated cell can serve as a target cell presenting endogenous antigens. Most often, target cells are cells that have been infected by a virus or some other intracellular microorganisms. However, altered self-cells such as cancer cells, aging body cells, or allogeneic cells from a graft can also serve as targets. The processed antigen peptides are presented on the cell membrane with an MHC-class I molecule which is recognized by CD8+ T cytotoxic cells for degradation.
The process:
The process is called the cytosolic pathway as it occurs in the cytosol of the cell. Let us take the example of a virus-infected cell. The viral nucleic acid uses the host machinery to synthesize its proteins, which are nothing but antigens. As these protein antigens are larger in size to be bound to MHC molecules, they should be degraded into short peptides of about 8-10 amino acids. In a target cell, proteins to be degraded are tagged with a small protein called ubiquitin. Inside the cell, ubiquitin-tagged proteins are marked for degradation. The degradation occurs inside a cylindrical
protease complex called a proteasome. This proteolytic activity utilizes ATP and releases several peptides.
Now, peptides generated in the cytosol by proteasome are ready for presentation. But they should be immediately associated with MHC molecules, that are inside the Rough endoplasmic reticulum. So, these peptides are translocated to RER (Rough endoplasmic reticulum) through a protein pore called TAP (transporter associated with antigen processing) by a process that requires the hydrolysis of ATP. TAP is a membrane-spanning heterodimer consisting of two proteins, TAP1 and TAP2. TAP has the highest affinity for peptides containing 8–10 amino acids, which is the optimal peptide length for class I MHC binding.
Meanwhile, within the RER membrane, the MHC class I molecule will be getting ready to get associated with the peptide. A complete MHC class I-peptide complex will have an α chain, β2-microglobulin and the peptide to be presented. Initially, a newly synthesized α chain of MHC class I associates with calnexin, a chaperone that promotes its folding. When β2-microglobulin binds to the α chain, calnexin is released and the complex binds to calreticulin and the TAP-associated protein tapasin. This association promotes peptide capture by the class I molecule, which is mediated by the interaction of tapasin with TAP. Peptides not bound by MHC are rapidly degraded. Once the peptide is bound, the MHC class I displays increased stability and can dissociate from calreticulin and tapasin. Now, the complete MHC class I-peptide complex is released from RER and moves to the Golgi complex, through which it is transported to the surface of the cell. The complex is now recognized by a CD8+ T cytotoxic cell. The activated T cytotoxic cell degrades the target cell, thus eliminating the spread of the pathogen.
References
Kelly, J., 1992. Immunology: by Janis Kuby, WH Freeman.
https://www.onlinebiologynotes.com/antigen-processing-and-presentation-cytosolic-and-endocytic-pathway/
https://www.immunology.org/public-information/bitesized-immunology/systems-processes/antigen-processing-and-presentation
https://wn.com/Antigen_Processing_And_Presentation_Cytosolic_Or_Endogenous_Pathway
#sowmyanagaraj #sowmyanrao #swiminscience
A T-cell cannot recognize a whole antigen. Initially, the protein antigen should be degraded into peptides inside a cell by a process called antigen processing. Later, the peptide is associated with an MHC molecule and the complex is transported and displayed on the cell membrane. This process is called antigen presentation.
The cells presenting peptide antigens to T cells are generally termed antigen-presenting cells. Since all cells expressing either class I or class II MHC molecules can present peptides to T cells, they all could be designated as antigen-presenting cells. However, by convention, cells that display peptides associated with class I MHC molecules to CD8+ T Cytotoxic cells are referred to as target cells and cells that display peptides associated with class II MHC molecules to CD4+ T Helper cells are called antigen-presenting cells. Since T cells can only recognize antigenic peptides presented by APC, antigen processing and presentation play an important role in immune responses, especially cellular immunity.
On the basis of the types of antigen to be processed and presented, antigen processing and presenting pathways are of two types:
1. Cytosolic pathway/endogenous pathway
2. Endocytic pathway/exogenous pathway
Cytosolic/endogenous pathway of antigen processing and presentation
Cytosolic/endogenous pathway process and present the endogenous/intracellular protein antigens associated with class I MHC molecules. Since all nucleated cells express class I MHC molecules, any nucleated cell can serve as a target cell presenting endogenous antigens. Most often, target cells are cells that have been infected by a virus or some other intracellular microorganisms. However, altered self-cells such as cancer cells, aging body cells, or allogeneic cells from a graft can also serve as targets. The processed antigen peptides are presented on the cell membrane with an MHC-class I molecule which is recognized by CD8+ T cytotoxic cells for degradation.
The process:
The process is called the cytosolic pathway as it occurs in the cytosol of the cell. Let us take the example of a virus-infected cell. The viral nucleic acid uses the host machinery to synthesize its proteins, which are nothing but antigens. As these protein antigens are larger in size to be bound to MHC molecules, they should be degraded into short peptides of about 8-10 amino acids. In a target cell, proteins to be degraded are tagged with a small protein called ubiquitin. Inside the cell, ubiquitin-tagged proteins are marked for degradation. The degradation occurs inside a cylindrical
protease complex called a proteasome. This proteolytic activity utilizes ATP and releases several peptides.
Now, peptides generated in the cytosol by proteasome are ready for presentation. But they should be immediately associated with MHC molecules, that are inside the Rough endoplasmic reticulum. So, these peptides are translocated to RER (Rough endoplasmic reticulum) through a protein pore called TAP (transporter associated with antigen processing) by a process that requires the hydrolysis of ATP. TAP is a membrane-spanning heterodimer consisting of two proteins, TAP1 and TAP2. TAP has the highest affinity for peptides containing 8–10 amino acids, which is the optimal peptide length for class I MHC binding.
Meanwhile, within the RER membrane, the MHC class I molecule will be getting ready to get associated with the peptide. A complete MHC class I-peptide complex will have an α chain, β2-microglobulin and the peptide to be presented. Initially, a newly synthesized α chain of MHC class I associates with calnexin, a chaperone that promotes its folding. When β2-microglobulin binds to the α chain, calnexin is released and the complex binds to calreticulin and the TAP-associated protein tapasin. This association promotes peptide capture by the class I molecule, which is mediated by the interaction of tapasin with TAP. Peptides not bound by MHC are rapidly degraded. Once the peptide is bound, the MHC class I displays increased stability and can dissociate from calreticulin and tapasin. Now, the complete MHC class I-peptide complex is released from RER and moves to the Golgi complex, through which it is transported to the surface of the cell. The complex is now recognized by a CD8+ T cytotoxic cell. The activated T cytotoxic cell degrades the target cell, thus eliminating the spread of the pathogen.
References
Kelly, J., 1992. Immunology: by Janis Kuby, WH Freeman.
https://www.onlinebiologynotes.com/antigen-processing-and-presentation-cytosolic-and-endocytic-pathway/
https://www.immunology.org/public-information/bitesized-immunology/systems-processes/antigen-processing-and-presentation
- published: 21 Mar 2023
- views: 2073
9:44
Antigen presentation and it's pathways (Animation) - Cytosolic and Endocytic pathway
In this video you will learn about antigen presentation and it's pathways. Cytosolic and Endocytic antigen presentation pathways are discussed through animation...
In this video you will learn about antigen presentation and it's pathways. Cytosolic and Endocytic antigen presentation pathways are discussed through animation in detail.
https://wn.com/Antigen_Presentation_And_It's_Pathways_(Animation)_Cytosolic_And_Endocytic_Pathway
In this video you will learn about antigen presentation and it's pathways. Cytosolic and Endocytic antigen presentation pathways are discussed through animation in detail.
- published: 15 May 2023
- views: 2233
1:06
How Intracellular Receptors Regulate Gene Transcription - Animation
📌 𝐅𝐨𝐥𝐥𝐨𝐰 𝐨𝐧 𝐈𝐧𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐠𝐫𝐚𝐦:- https://www.instagram.com/drgbhanuprakash
📌𝗝𝗼𝗶𝗻 𝗢𝘂𝗿 𝗧𝗲𝗹𝗲𝗴𝗿𝗮𝗺 𝗖𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗻𝗲𝗹 𝗛𝗲𝗿𝗲:- https://t.me/bhanuprakashdr
📌𝗦𝘂𝗯𝘀𝗰𝗿𝗶𝗯𝗲 𝗧𝗼 𝗠𝘆 𝗠𝗮𝗶𝗹𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗟𝗶𝘀𝘁:- ...
📌 𝐅𝐨𝐥𝐥𝐨𝐰 𝐨𝐧 𝐈𝐧𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐠𝐫𝐚𝐦:- https://www.instagram.com/drgbhanuprakash
📌𝗝𝗼𝗶𝗻 𝗢𝘂𝗿 𝗧𝗲𝗹𝗲𝗴𝗿𝗮𝗺 𝗖𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗻𝗲𝗹 𝗛𝗲𝗿𝗲:- https://t.me/bhanuprakashdr
📌𝗦𝘂𝗯𝘀𝗰𝗿𝗶𝗯𝗲 𝗧𝗼 𝗠𝘆 𝗠𝗮𝗶𝗹𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗟𝗶𝘀𝘁:- https://linktr.ee/DrGBhanuprakash
Gene transcription is controlled by multiple factors. Some proteins bind to DNA sequences and start the process of gene transcription. RNA synthesis can only occur when these activators are bound to specific DNA sequences. Inhibitors are other molecules that prevent transcription from occurring. Inhibitors bind to activator molecules and prevent them from binding to DNA. A molecular signal is necessary to remove the inhibitor molecule from the activator and allow transcription to proceed.
https://wn.com/How_Intracellular_Receptors_Regulate_Gene_Transcription_Animation
📌 𝐅𝐨𝐥𝐥𝐨𝐰 𝐨𝐧 𝐈𝐧𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐠𝐫𝐚𝐦:- https://www.instagram.com/drgbhanuprakash
📌𝗝𝗼𝗶𝗻 𝗢𝘂𝗿 𝗧𝗲𝗹𝗲𝗴𝗿𝗮𝗺 𝗖𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗻𝗲𝗹 𝗛𝗲𝗿𝗲:- https://t.me/bhanuprakashdr
📌𝗦𝘂𝗯𝘀𝗰𝗿𝗶𝗯𝗲 𝗧𝗼 𝗠𝘆 𝗠𝗮𝗶𝗹𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗟𝗶𝘀𝘁:- https://linktr.ee/DrGBhanuprakash
Gene transcription is controlled by multiple factors. Some proteins bind to DNA sequences and start the process of gene transcription. RNA synthesis can only occur when these activators are bound to specific DNA sequences. Inhibitors are other molecules that prevent transcription from occurring. Inhibitors bind to activator molecules and prevent them from binding to DNA. A molecular signal is necessary to remove the inhibitor molecule from the activator and allow transcription to proceed.
- published: 27 Oct 2017
- views: 25762
9:42
Cytoskeleton and intracellular motility
What is cytoskeleton and intracellular motility? The cytoskeleton is a network of proteins within the cell that gives each cell its shape and anchors organelles...
What is cytoskeleton and intracellular motility? The cytoskeleton is a network of proteins within the cell that gives each cell its shape and anchors organelles in place - keeping everything sturdy. But it’s also a dynamic network, which can change shape when the cell wants to move, contract, divide, or pull in or push out molecules.
Find our full video library only on Osmosis: http://osms.it/more.
Join millions of current and future clinicians who learn by Osmosis, along with hundreds of universities around the world who partner with Osmosis from Elseiver to make medical and health education more engaging and efficient. We have unparalleled tools and materials to prepare you for success in school, on your board exams, and as a future clinician. Sign up for a free trial at http://osms.it/more. If you're interested in exploring an institutional partnership, visit osmosis.org/educators to request a personalized demo.
Follow us on social:
Facebook: http://osms.it/facebook
Twitter: http://osms.it/twitter
Instagram for med: http://osms.it/instagram
Instagram for nursing: https://osms.it/ignursing
TikTok: https://osms.it/tiktok
Linkedin: https://osms.it/linkedin
Our Vision: Everyone who cares for someone will learn by Osmosis.
Our Mission: To empower the world’s clinicians and caregivers with the best learning experience possible. Learn more here: http://osms.it/mission
Medical disclaimer: Osmosis from Elsevier does not provide medical advice. Osmosis from Elsevier and the content available on the Osmosis from Elsevier properties (Osmosis.org, YouTube, and other channels) do not provide a diagnosis or other recommendation for treatment and are not a substitute for the professional judgment of a healthcare professional in diagnosis and treatment of any person or animal. The determination of the need for medical services and the types of healthcare to be provided to a patient are decisions that should be made only by a physician or other licensed healthcare provider. Always seek the advice of a physician or other qualified healthcare professional with any questions you have regarding a medical condition.
© 2024 Elsevier. All rights reserved.
https://wn.com/Cytoskeleton_And_Intracellular_Motility
What is cytoskeleton and intracellular motility? The cytoskeleton is a network of proteins within the cell that gives each cell its shape and anchors organelles in place - keeping everything sturdy. But it’s also a dynamic network, which can change shape when the cell wants to move, contract, divide, or pull in or push out molecules.
Find our full video library only on Osmosis: http://osms.it/more.
Join millions of current and future clinicians who learn by Osmosis, along with hundreds of universities around the world who partner with Osmosis from Elseiver to make medical and health education more engaging and efficient. We have unparalleled tools and materials to prepare you for success in school, on your board exams, and as a future clinician. Sign up for a free trial at http://osms.it/more. If you're interested in exploring an institutional partnership, visit osmosis.org/educators to request a personalized demo.
Follow us on social:
Facebook: http://osms.it/facebook
Twitter: http://osms.it/twitter
Instagram for med: http://osms.it/instagram
Instagram for nursing: https://osms.it/ignursing
TikTok: https://osms.it/tiktok
Linkedin: https://osms.it/linkedin
Our Vision: Everyone who cares for someone will learn by Osmosis.
Our Mission: To empower the world’s clinicians and caregivers with the best learning experience possible. Learn more here: http://osms.it/mission
Medical disclaimer: Osmosis from Elsevier does not provide medical advice. Osmosis from Elsevier and the content available on the Osmosis from Elsevier properties (Osmosis.org, YouTube, and other channels) do not provide a diagnosis or other recommendation for treatment and are not a substitute for the professional judgment of a healthcare professional in diagnosis and treatment of any person or animal. The determination of the need for medical services and the types of healthcare to be provided to a patient are decisions that should be made only by a physician or other licensed healthcare provider. Always seek the advice of a physician or other qualified healthcare professional with any questions you have regarding a medical condition.
© 2024 Elsevier. All rights reserved.
- published: 09 May 2022
- views: 43959
3:13
Cytosolic LPS activates caspase-11 pathway – Video abstract [ID 57976]
Video abstract of a review paper “Novel perspectives on non-canonical inflammasome activation” published in the open access journal ImmunoTargets and Therapy b...
Video abstract of a review paper “Novel perspectives on non-canonical inflammasome activation” published in the open access journal ImmunoTargets and Therapy by Diamond CE, Khameneh HJ, Brough D, et al.
Abstract: Inflammasomes are cytosolic multi-protein complexes that regulate the secretion of the proinflammatory cytokines, IL-1β and IL-18, and induce pyroptosis, an inflammatory form of cell death. The NLRP3 inflammasome is the most well-characterized member of this family and functions by sensing intracellular pathogen- and damage-associated molecular patterns and activating caspase-1, which processes the biologically inactive IL-1β and IL-18 precursors into active cytokines. Recent studies have identified an alternative mechanism of inflammasome activation, termed the non-canonical inflammasome, which is triggered by cytosolic sensing of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) derived from bacteria that have escaped phagolysosomes. This pathway is independent of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), the well-known extracellular receptor for LPS, but instead depends on the inflammatory protease, caspase-11. Although our understanding of caspase-11 activation is still in its infancy, it appears to be an essential mediator of septic shock and attenuates intestinal inflammation. In this review, we bring together the latest data on the roles of caspase-11 and the mechanisms underlying caspase-11-mediated activation of the non-canonical inflammasome, and consider the implications of this pathway on TLR4-independent immune responses to LPS.
Read the original article here: http://www.dovepress.com/novel-perspectives-on-non-canonical-inflammasome-activation-peer-reviewed-article-ITT
https://wn.com/Cytosolic_Lps_Activates_Caspase_11_Pathway_–_Video_Abstract_Id_57976
Video abstract of a review paper “Novel perspectives on non-canonical inflammasome activation” published in the open access journal ImmunoTargets and Therapy by Diamond CE, Khameneh HJ, Brough D, et al.
Abstract: Inflammasomes are cytosolic multi-protein complexes that regulate the secretion of the proinflammatory cytokines, IL-1β and IL-18, and induce pyroptosis, an inflammatory form of cell death. The NLRP3 inflammasome is the most well-characterized member of this family and functions by sensing intracellular pathogen- and damage-associated molecular patterns and activating caspase-1, which processes the biologically inactive IL-1β and IL-18 precursors into active cytokines. Recent studies have identified an alternative mechanism of inflammasome activation, termed the non-canonical inflammasome, which is triggered by cytosolic sensing of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) derived from bacteria that have escaped phagolysosomes. This pathway is independent of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), the well-known extracellular receptor for LPS, but instead depends on the inflammatory protease, caspase-11. Although our understanding of caspase-11 activation is still in its infancy, it appears to be an essential mediator of septic shock and attenuates intestinal inflammation. In this review, we bring together the latest data on the roles of caspase-11 and the mechanisms underlying caspase-11-mediated activation of the non-canonical inflammasome, and consider the implications of this pathway on TLR4-independent immune responses to LPS.
Read the original article here: http://www.dovepress.com/novel-perspectives-on-non-canonical-inflammasome-activation-peer-reviewed-article-ITT
- published: 26 Jul 2015
- views: 2115