Chaff (/ˈtʃæf/ or /ˈtʃɑːf/) is the dry, scaly protective casings of the seeds of cereal grain, or similar fine, dry, scaly plant material such as scaly parts of flowers, or finely chopped straw. Chaff is indigestible by humans, but livestock can eat it and in agriculture it is used as livestock fodder, or is a waste material ploughed into the soil or burnt.
In grasses (including cereals such as rice, barley, oats and wheat), the ripe seed is surrounded by thin, dry, scaly bracts (called glumes, lemmas and paleas), forming a dry husk (or hull) around the grain. Once it is removed it is often referred to as chaff.
In wild cereals and in the primitive domesticated einkorn,emmer and spelt wheats, the husks enclose each seed tightly. Before the grain can be used, the husks must be removed.
The process of loosening the chaff from the grain so as to remove it is called threshing– traditionally done by milling or pounding. Separating remaining loose chaff from the grain is called winnowing– traditionally done by repeatedly tossing the grain up into a light wind which gradually blows the lighter chaff away. This method typically utilizes a broad, plate-shaped basket or similar receptacle to hold and collect the winnowed grain as it falls back down.
Chaff was the students' newspaper of Massey University Students' Association (MUSA) at the Turitea campus of Massey University, New Zealand.
Chaff was established in 1934 as a semi-regular, type-written newsletter for students of Massey Agricultural College. As throughout its 79-year run it mixed local news with comment, humour, competitions and correspondence.
After 15 years of erratic publication (partially due to reduced student numbers during World War II), the paper roared fully into life in 1959, thanks to the efforts of student Kevin. F. O'Connor. This professionally printed, regularly produced A4 magazine (1949-1955)/A3 newspaper (1955-), supported by outside advertising and grants from the Massey Student Association(s,) continued until a combination of factors - including administrative disinterest and major legislative changes to Association funding - meant Chaff published its last issue in October 2011.
It has been replaced with MASSIVE Magazine, based in Wellington and published monthly, with 2-3 pages each per issue given to news and events on the Palmerston North and Albany Massey campuses.
Chaff, originally called Window by the British, and Düppel by the Second World War era GermanLuftwaffe (from the Berlin suburb where it was first developed), is a radar countermeasure in which aircraft or other targets spread a cloud of small, thin pieces of aluminium, metallized glass fibre or plastic, which either appears as a cluster of primary targets on radar screens or swamps the screen with multiple returns.
Modern armed forces use chaff (in naval applications, for instance, using short-range SRBOC rockets) to distract radar-guided missiles from their targets. Most military aircraft and warships have chaff dispensing systems for self-defense. An intercontinental ballistic missile may release in its midcourse phase several independent warheads as well as penetration aids such as decoy balloons and chaff.
In 1937, British researcher Gerald Touch (who was working with Robert Watson-Watt on radar) suggested that lengths of wire suspended from balloons or parachutes might overwhelm a radar system with false echoes and R. V. Jones had suggested that pieces of metal foil falling through the air might do the same.
The forward-deployed Arleigh Burke-class guided-missile destroyer USS McCampbell (DDG 85) launches chaff during a live-fire training exercise.
Chaff, originally called Window by the British, and Düppel by the Second World War era German Luftwaffe (from the Berlin suburb where it was first developed), is a radar countermeasure in which aircraft or other targets spread a cloud of small, thin pieces of aluminum, metallized glass fibre or plastic, which either appears as a cluster of primary targets on radar screens or swamps the screen with multiple returns.
Modern armed forces use chaff (in naval applications, for instance, using short-range SRBOC rockets) to distract radar-guided missiles from their targets. Most military aircraft and warships have chaff dispensing systems for self-defens...
published: 26 Sep 2016
'Window' (Radar Chaff): WWII's Secret Weapon
Like what I make? Want fewer sponsorship ad reads? Consider contributing to my Patreon at https://patreon.com/OurOwnDevices
Chaff, known variously as "Window", "Duppel," or "Giman-shi" during WWII, consists of small strips of metal foil deployed from aircraft to blind and confuse enemy radar. It proved devastatingly effective against German air defenses during the war and is still carried by military aircraft to this day.
published: 06 May 2021
Chaff and IR
Exercise
published: 27 May 2007
How Chaff & Flare Countermeasure Work, And Their History
Sentry Aloha F-16 Countermeasures -- TSgt Bruce Bitting and A1C Emmett Drollette move chaff sticks from one modular to another which holds the F-16 countermeasures to jam enemy radar while participating in Sentry Aloha at Hickam AFB, Hawaii.
#F16 #Chaff #Aircraft
Video by Tech. Sgt. Dan DiPietro | 158th Fighter Wing | Date: 02.24.2012. Produced by Tech Sgt. Dan DiPietro.
More military & aviation videos at http://www.youtube.com/user/okrajoe
Please visit our channel to subscribe.
.
published: 16 Apr 2013
USAF F-22 Raptor Missile Gun and Flare Chaff Test Flight
http://AviationExplorer.com - USAF Air Force F-22 Raptor During Missile Firing Testing. The Advanced Stealth Fighter also completes its Gun Fire Testing and Chaff / Flare Test.
published: 31 Mar 2011
ஆட்டுப்பண்ணைக்கு Chaff cutter மிக மிக அவசியம் ஏன்.!? @REDgoatfarmRamesh
ஆட்டுப்பண்ணைக்கு chaff cutter அவசியம்
ஆட்டுப்பண்ணை
chaff cutter
பசுந்திவனம்
Red goat farm 7904025149
perambalur -621212
published: 26 Feb 2024
Chaff in the Wind
Each fall the wheat crop is harvested from the farms in and around Smithfield, UT. Travis Hilton shares a photo memoir relating life to how chaff is easily blown in the wind.
The forward-deployed Arleigh Burke-class guided-missile destroyer USS McCampbell (DDG 85) launches chaff during a live-fire training exercise.
Chaff, originall...
The forward-deployed Arleigh Burke-class guided-missile destroyer USS McCampbell (DDG 85) launches chaff during a live-fire training exercise.
Chaff, originally called Window by the British, and Düppel by the Second World War era German Luftwaffe (from the Berlin suburb where it was first developed), is a radar countermeasure in which aircraft or other targets spread a cloud of small, thin pieces of aluminum, metallized glass fibre or plastic, which either appears as a cluster of primary targets on radar screens or swamps the screen with multiple returns.
Modern armed forces use chaff (in naval applications, for instance, using short-range SRBOC rockets) to distract radar-guided missiles from their targets. Most military aircraft and warships have chaff dispensing systems for self-defense. An intercontinental ballistic missile may release in its midcourse phase several independent warheads as well as penetration aids such as decoy balloons and chaff.
AiirSource Military covers events and missions from the United States Armed Forces: Army, Navy, Marine Corps, Air Force, and Coast Guard.
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Credits: Christian Senyk
The forward-deployed Arleigh Burke-class guided-missile destroyer USS McCampbell (DDG 85) launches chaff during a live-fire training exercise.
Chaff, originally called Window by the British, and Düppel by the Second World War era German Luftwaffe (from the Berlin suburb where it was first developed), is a radar countermeasure in which aircraft or other targets spread a cloud of small, thin pieces of aluminum, metallized glass fibre or plastic, which either appears as a cluster of primary targets on radar screens or swamps the screen with multiple returns.
Modern armed forces use chaff (in naval applications, for instance, using short-range SRBOC rockets) to distract radar-guided missiles from their targets. Most military aircraft and warships have chaff dispensing systems for self-defense. An intercontinental ballistic missile may release in its midcourse phase several independent warheads as well as penetration aids such as decoy balloons and chaff.
AiirSource Military covers events and missions from the United States Armed Forces: Army, Navy, Marine Corps, Air Force, and Coast Guard.
Visit our channel for more military videos:
http://www.youtube.com/AiirSource
Like & share this video to show your support!
Subscribe to stay updated:
http://www.youtube.com/subscription_center?add_user=AiirSource
Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/AiirSource
Google+: http://www.google.com/+AiirSource
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Credits: Christian Senyk
Like what I make? Want fewer sponsorship ad reads? Consider contributing to my Patreon at https://patreon.com/OurOwnDevices
Chaff, known variously as "Window",...
Like what I make? Want fewer sponsorship ad reads? Consider contributing to my Patreon at https://patreon.com/OurOwnDevices
Chaff, known variously as "Window", "Duppel," or "Giman-shi" during WWII, consists of small strips of metal foil deployed from aircraft to blind and confuse enemy radar. It proved devastatingly effective against German air defenses during the war and is still carried by military aircraft to this day.
Like what I make? Want fewer sponsorship ad reads? Consider contributing to my Patreon at https://patreon.com/OurOwnDevices
Chaff, known variously as "Window", "Duppel," or "Giman-shi" during WWII, consists of small strips of metal foil deployed from aircraft to blind and confuse enemy radar. It proved devastatingly effective against German air defenses during the war and is still carried by military aircraft to this day.
Sentry Aloha F-16 Countermeasures -- TSgt Bruce Bitting and A1C Emmett Drollette move chaff sticks from one modular to another which holds the F-16 countermeasu...
Sentry Aloha F-16 Countermeasures -- TSgt Bruce Bitting and A1C Emmett Drollette move chaff sticks from one modular to another which holds the F-16 countermeasures to jam enemy radar while participating in Sentry Aloha at Hickam AFB, Hawaii.
#F16 #Chaff #Aircraft
Video by Tech. Sgt. Dan DiPietro | 158th Fighter Wing | Date: 02.24.2012. Produced by Tech Sgt. Dan DiPietro.
More military & aviation videos at http://www.youtube.com/user/okrajoe
Please visit our channel to subscribe.
.
Sentry Aloha F-16 Countermeasures -- TSgt Bruce Bitting and A1C Emmett Drollette move chaff sticks from one modular to another which holds the F-16 countermeasures to jam enemy radar while participating in Sentry Aloha at Hickam AFB, Hawaii.
#F16 #Chaff #Aircraft
Video by Tech. Sgt. Dan DiPietro | 158th Fighter Wing | Date: 02.24.2012. Produced by Tech Sgt. Dan DiPietro.
More military & aviation videos at http://www.youtube.com/user/okrajoe
Please visit our channel to subscribe.
.
http://AviationExplorer.com - USAF Air Force F-22 Raptor During Missile Firing Testing. The Advanced Stealth Fighter also completes its Gun Fire Testing and Cha...
http://AviationExplorer.com - USAF Air Force F-22 Raptor During Missile Firing Testing. The Advanced Stealth Fighter also completes its Gun Fire Testing and Chaff / Flare Test.
http://AviationExplorer.com - USAF Air Force F-22 Raptor During Missile Firing Testing. The Advanced Stealth Fighter also completes its Gun Fire Testing and Chaff / Flare Test.
Each fall the wheat crop is harvested from the farms in and around Smithfield, UT. Travis Hilton shares a photo memoir relating life to how chaff is easily blow...
Each fall the wheat crop is harvested from the farms in and around Smithfield, UT. Travis Hilton shares a photo memoir relating life to how chaff is easily blown in the wind.
Each fall the wheat crop is harvested from the farms in and around Smithfield, UT. Travis Hilton shares a photo memoir relating life to how chaff is easily blown in the wind.
The forward-deployed Arleigh Burke-class guided-missile destroyer USS McCampbell (DDG 85) launches chaff during a live-fire training exercise.
Chaff, originally called Window by the British, and Düppel by the Second World War era German Luftwaffe (from the Berlin suburb where it was first developed), is a radar countermeasure in which aircraft or other targets spread a cloud of small, thin pieces of aluminum, metallized glass fibre or plastic, which either appears as a cluster of primary targets on radar screens or swamps the screen with multiple returns.
Modern armed forces use chaff (in naval applications, for instance, using short-range SRBOC rockets) to distract radar-guided missiles from their targets. Most military aircraft and warships have chaff dispensing systems for self-defense. An intercontinental ballistic missile may release in its midcourse phase several independent warheads as well as penetration aids such as decoy balloons and chaff.
AiirSource Military covers events and missions from the United States Armed Forces: Army, Navy, Marine Corps, Air Force, and Coast Guard.
Visit our channel for more military videos:
http://www.youtube.com/AiirSource
Like & share this video to show your support!
Subscribe to stay updated:
http://www.youtube.com/subscription_center?add_user=AiirSource
Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/AiirSource
Google+: http://www.google.com/+AiirSource
Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/AiirSource
Credits: Christian Senyk
Like what I make? Want fewer sponsorship ad reads? Consider contributing to my Patreon at https://patreon.com/OurOwnDevices
Chaff, known variously as "Window", "Duppel," or "Giman-shi" during WWII, consists of small strips of metal foil deployed from aircraft to blind and confuse enemy radar. It proved devastatingly effective against German air defenses during the war and is still carried by military aircraft to this day.
Sentry Aloha F-16 Countermeasures -- TSgt Bruce Bitting and A1C Emmett Drollette move chaff sticks from one modular to another which holds the F-16 countermeasures to jam enemy radar while participating in Sentry Aloha at Hickam AFB, Hawaii.
#F16 #Chaff #Aircraft
Video by Tech. Sgt. Dan DiPietro | 158th Fighter Wing | Date: 02.24.2012. Produced by Tech Sgt. Dan DiPietro.
More military & aviation videos at http://www.youtube.com/user/okrajoe
Please visit our channel to subscribe.
.
http://AviationExplorer.com - USAF Air Force F-22 Raptor During Missile Firing Testing. The Advanced Stealth Fighter also completes its Gun Fire Testing and Chaff / Flare Test.
Each fall the wheat crop is harvested from the farms in and around Smithfield, UT. Travis Hilton shares a photo memoir relating life to how chaff is easily blown in the wind.
Chaff (/ˈtʃæf/ or /ˈtʃɑːf/) is the dry, scaly protective casings of the seeds of cereal grain, or similar fine, dry, scaly plant material such as scaly parts of flowers, or finely chopped straw. Chaff is indigestible by humans, but livestock can eat it and in agriculture it is used as livestock fodder, or is a waste material ploughed into the soil or burnt.
In grasses (including cereals such as rice, barley, oats and wheat), the ripe seed is surrounded by thin, dry, scaly bracts (called glumes, lemmas and paleas), forming a dry husk (or hull) around the grain. Once it is removed it is often referred to as chaff.
In wild cereals and in the primitive domesticated einkorn,emmer and spelt wheats, the husks enclose each seed tightly. Before the grain can be used, the husks must be removed.
The process of loosening the chaff from the grain so as to remove it is called threshing– traditionally done by milling or pounding. Separating remaining loose chaff from the grain is called winnowing– traditionally done by repeatedly tossing the grain up into a light wind which gradually blows the lighter chaff away. This method typically utilizes a broad, plate-shaped basket or similar receptacle to hold and collect the winnowed grain as it falls back down.
These guys can't be punk-rock They sing about love and Brendan says they're not But they've got egos this big, I bet that their Mothers got them this gig- Because this is the anti-song Everybody sing along. This is the anti-song How could I ever be wrong? Those guys aren't like me I hate that band because they're not PC But they won't get too far,
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(MENAFN - GlobeNewsWire - Nasdaq) Chaff cutter market size from USD 0.40 Billion in 2023 to USD 0.66 Billion in 10 years. Rapidly growing demand for Chaff Cutters in the global market will drive the ... .