The Milizia Volontaria per la Sicurezza Nazionale (MVSN, "Voluntary Militia for National Security"), commonly called the Blackshirts (Italian:Camicie Nere, CCNN, singular: Camicia Nera) or squadristi (singular: squadrista), was originally the paramilitary wing of the National Fascist Party and, after 1923, an all-volunteer militia of the Kingdom of Italy. Its members were distinguished by their black uniforms (modelled on those of the Arditi, Italy's elite troops of World War I) and their loyalty to Benito Mussolini, the Duce (leader) of Fascism, to whom they swore an oath. The founders of the paramilitary groups were nationalist intellectuals, former army officers and young landowners opposing peasants' and country labourers' unions. Their methods became harsher as Mussolini's power grew, and they used violence and intimidation against Mussolini's opponents. In 1943 the MVSN was integrated into the Italian armed forces.
History
The Blackshirts were established as the squadristi in 1919 and consisted of many disgruntled former soldiers. It was given the task of leading fights against their bitter enemies – the Socialists. They may have numbered 200,000 by the time of Mussolini's March on Rome from 27 to 29 October 1922. In 1922 the squadristi were reorganized into the milizia and formed numerous bandiere, and on 1 February 1923 the Blackshirts became the Volunteer Militia for National Security (Milizia Volontaria per la Sicurezza Nazionale, or MVSN), which lasted until the 8 September 1943 Armistice of Cassibile. The Italian Social Republic, located in the areas of northern Italy occupied by Germany, reformed the MVSN on 8 December 1943 into the Republican National Guard (Guardia Nazionale Repubblicana, or GNR).
Blackshirts are members of the anti-religious, atheist quasi-political organization Dravidar Kazhagam in Tamil Nadu, founded by "Periyar" E V Ramasamy. The members wear black shirts to mock and protest the saffron vestments of Hindu religious leaders and sadhus as black is generally associated with death and bad-luck in contrast with saffron's auspicious association. This has its origins in the banning of black flags as a protest tool in Tamil Nadu. To circumvent this ban, members wore black shirts. Black shirts and black flags were also seen as a symbol of anarchy in southern India especially in Tamil Nadu during the early 20th century.
Schutzstaffel (SS), Nazi military organization who had the nickname as they wore black and brown uniforms, compared to the "brownshirts" Sturmabteilung (SA)
Blackshirts (Australia), a militant fathers' rights group in Australia.
Blackshirt, a 'gentleman criminal', is the main fictional character in a series of crime and adventure novels published between 1925 and 1969, written by Bruce Graeme (the pen name of Graham Montague Jeffries), then by his son Roderic Jeffries.
LINCOLN — It was a line Matt Rhule tucked into a press conference focused on an entirely different topic, but it’s worth revisiting now ... “We’ve always done a good job of being physical. We’ve always done a really good job of developing players.” ... .
Use this Indiana JonesGuide to learn how to disguise yourself as a Blackshirt and make your adventure just that little bit easier. Read this article on TechRaptor ....
The Indiana Jones Blackshirt key is linked to both the Blackshirt Uniform and an underground boxing ring that that accesses ... You'll find the first Blackshirt gate before Indiana Jones guard house key ...
If Nebraska had big success in 2024, Tony White would still be leaving, and the roster would still thin out, writes Sam McKewon. The difference is, after a 6-6 campaign, Husker coaches won’t get a grace year to adjust ... .
Nebraska defenders shook their heads afterward. Of all the ways the Huskers could drop a one-score game at home to UCLA, this might be the most painful ... .
Republican elected officials rallied together at the Western Nebraska Regional Airport on Friday morning, showing a united front on several issues central to next week's election ... .
COLUMBUS, Ohio — Ohio State's five-star running back plunged into a crowd of white jerseys and red pants, and didn't go anywhere on fourth down. The Buckeye left tackle put a Nebraska defender in a headlock, trying to prevent pressure ... .
Not only does Ohio State have NFL-bound players across the board, but it knows how to exploit defenses. Here's how the Blackshirts are gearing up ... .
Other than the questionable performance against Illinois, the Blackshirts have dominated every other opponent through six games ... His ability to improvise out of the pocket is going to be a potential problem for the Blackshirts to contain.
The North Platte Telegraph
13 Jan 2025
The North Platte Telegraph
13 Jan 2025