The framework of abstand and ausbau languages is a tool used in sociolinguistics to analyse and categorise the distinctiveness of related language varieties. Heinz Kloss coined the German terms Abstandsprache (literally: "distance language") and Ausbausprache (literally: "elaboration language," i.e. developed and standardized language) in 1952 to denote two separate and largely independent sets of criteria and arguments for deeming a variety to be an independent "language" rather than a "dialect": one linguistic, based on its objective structural properties, and the other sociological, based on its social and/or political functions.
This framework is intended to deal with situations in which multiple varieties from a dialect continuum have been standardized, so that they are commonly considered distinct languages even though they may be mutually intelligible. The Continental Scandinavian languages are usually cited as an example of this situation. One of the applications of this theoretical framework is language standardization (examples since the 1960s being Basque and Romansh).
Where's the line between a dialect and a language? -- Linguistics 101
When do two people speak different versions of the same language, and when do they speak totally different languages? Come help me draw the line between languages and dialects.
We'll take a look across time (history) and space (geography) to poke at the kinds of characteristics that could help us tell dialects and languages apart. Ideally, it would be nice and tidy if we could distinguish them just by looking at the "language stuff" - words, pronunciation, etc. Okay, that works for English and Chinese.
But many real-world examples will make it hard on us. Old English and Modern English? Scottish English and British English? Norwegian and Swedish? Chinese dialects? When all else fails, we'll remember a witty quip passed along by Max Weinreich, and factor in things like politics and social...
published: 10 Dec 2013
Abstand
This video was produced within a literature cours, grad 12, in Schillergymnasium in Münster 2010
published: 12 Jan 2010
ENG503_Topic117
ENG503 – Introduction to English Language Teaching
published: 02 Dec 2017
Deutschlan Heute Sendung vom 19.05.2020
German Courses,German Language,German Online,Learning German,Learn German,German Lessons,Online Language,German For Beginners,Learn Deutsch,Languages For Free,German,speak german,deutsch lernen online,german online,study german,germans,germanic languages,the german language,online german,german languages,speaking german,deutschunterricht online,language in german,german speaking,german,deutsch,online language learning,learning german online
published: 20 May 2020
Ausbau
published: 27 Oct 2016
Pluricentric language
Pluricentric language
A pluricentric language or polycentric language is a language with several interacting codified standard versions, often corresponding to different countries123 Examples include English, French, Portuguese, German, Korean, Spanish, Swedish, Armenian and Chinese4 A language that has only one formally standardised version is monocentric Examples include Russian and Japanese5
In some cases the different standards of a pluricentric language may be elaborated until they become autonomous languages, as happened with Malay and Indonesian or Hindi and Urdu5 The same process is underway in Serbo-Croatian5
Contents
1 Examples of varying degrees of pluricentrism
11 Arabic
12 Aramaic
13 Armenian
14 Bulgarian
15 Catalan–Valencian–Balearic
16 Chinese
17 Coptic
18 Dutch
19 English
1...
published: 20 Mar 2019
Language and Linguistics 3# Dialects- Explanation in Tamil
Language and Linguistics https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLfza7HpFrET1kwVD_gTnFqa5Psa6Ef3HP
When do two people speak different versions of the same language, and when do they speak totally different languages? Come help me draw the line between languag...
When do two people speak different versions of the same language, and when do they speak totally different languages? Come help me draw the line between languages and dialects.
We'll take a look across time (history) and space (geography) to poke at the kinds of characteristics that could help us tell dialects and languages apart. Ideally, it would be nice and tidy if we could distinguish them just by looking at the "language stuff" - words, pronunciation, etc. Okay, that works for English and Chinese.
But many real-world examples will make it hard on us. Old English and Modern English? Scottish English and British English? Norwegian and Swedish? Chinese dialects? When all else fails, we'll remember a witty quip passed along by Max Weinreich, and factor in things like politics and social conventions.
Please subscribe or browse the other videos on my channel to learn more about language and thought!
Music by nativlang
When do two people speak different versions of the same language, and when do they speak totally different languages? Come help me draw the line between languages and dialects.
We'll take a look across time (history) and space (geography) to poke at the kinds of characteristics that could help us tell dialects and languages apart. Ideally, it would be nice and tidy if we could distinguish them just by looking at the "language stuff" - words, pronunciation, etc. Okay, that works for English and Chinese.
But many real-world examples will make it hard on us. Old English and Modern English? Scottish English and British English? Norwegian and Swedish? Chinese dialects? When all else fails, we'll remember a witty quip passed along by Max Weinreich, and factor in things like politics and social conventions.
Please subscribe or browse the other videos on my channel to learn more about language and thought!
Music by nativlang
German Courses,German Language,German Online,Learning German,Learn German,German Lessons,Online Language,German For Beginners,Learn Deutsch,Languages For Free,G...
German Courses,German Language,German Online,Learning German,Learn German,German Lessons,Online Language,German For Beginners,Learn Deutsch,Languages For Free,German,speak german,deutsch lernen online,german online,study german,germans,germanic languages,the german language,online german,german languages,speaking german,deutschunterricht online,language in german,german speaking,german,deutsch,online language learning,learning german online
German Courses,German Language,German Online,Learning German,Learn German,German Lessons,Online Language,German For Beginners,Learn Deutsch,Languages For Free,German,speak german,deutsch lernen online,german online,study german,germans,germanic languages,the german language,online german,german languages,speaking german,deutschunterricht online,language in german,german speaking,german,deutsch,online language learning,learning german online
Pluricentric language
A pluricentric language or polycentric language is a language with several interacting codified standard versions, often corresponding to ...
Pluricentric language
A pluricentric language or polycentric language is a language with several interacting codified standard versions, often corresponding to different countries123 Examples include English, French, Portuguese, German, Korean, Spanish, Swedish, Armenian and Chinese4 A language that has only one formally standardised version is monocentric Examples include Russian and Japanese5
In some cases the different standards of a pluricentric language may be elaborated until they become autonomous languages, as happened with Malay and Indonesian or Hindi and Urdu5 The same process is underway in Serbo-Croatian5
Contents
1 Examples of varying degrees of pluricentrism
11 Arabic
12 Aramaic
13 Armenian
14 Bulgarian
15 Catalan–Valencian–Balearic
16 Chinese
17 Coptic
18 Dutch
19 English
110 French
111 German
112 Hindi, Urdu, and Hindustani languages
113 Malayalam
114 Persian
115 Portuguese
116 Serbo-Croatian
117 Spanish
118 Swedish
119 Others
2 See also
3 References
4 Bibliography
5 Further reading
6 External links
Examples of varying degrees of pluricentrism
This section nepluricentric language spoken in west africa, pluricentric language, pluricentric languages Pluricentric language
Pluricentric language
A pluricentric language or polycentric language is a language with several interacting codified standard versions, often corresponding to different countries123 Examples include English, French, Portuguese, German, Korean, Spanish, Swedish, Armenian and Chinese4 A language that has only one formally standardised version is monocentric Examples include Russian and Japanese5
In some cases the different standards of a pluricentric language may be elaborated until they become autonomous languages, as happened with Malay and Indonesian or Hindi and Urdu5 The same process is underway in Serbo-Croatian5
Contents
1 Examples of varying degrees of pluricentrism
11 Arabic
12 Aramaic
13 Armenian
14 Bulgarian
15 Catalan–Valencian–Balearic
16 Chinese
17 Coptic
18 Dutch
19 English
110 French
111 German
112 Hindi, Urdu, and Hindustani languages
113 Malayalam
114 Persian
115 Portuguese
116 Serbo-Croatian
117 Spanish
118 Swedish
119 Others
2 See also
3 References
4 Bibliography
5 Further reading
6 External links
Examples of varying degrees of pluricentrism
This section nepluricentric language spoken in west africa, pluricentric language, pluricentric languages Pluricentric language
When do two people speak different versions of the same language, and when do they speak totally different languages? Come help me draw the line between languages and dialects.
We'll take a look across time (history) and space (geography) to poke at the kinds of characteristics that could help us tell dialects and languages apart. Ideally, it would be nice and tidy if we could distinguish them just by looking at the "language stuff" - words, pronunciation, etc. Okay, that works for English and Chinese.
But many real-world examples will make it hard on us. Old English and Modern English? Scottish English and British English? Norwegian and Swedish? Chinese dialects? When all else fails, we'll remember a witty quip passed along by Max Weinreich, and factor in things like politics and social conventions.
Please subscribe or browse the other videos on my channel to learn more about language and thought!
Music by nativlang
German Courses,German Language,German Online,Learning German,Learn German,German Lessons,Online Language,German For Beginners,Learn Deutsch,Languages For Free,German,speak german,deutsch lernen online,german online,study german,germans,germanic languages,the german language,online german,german languages,speaking german,deutschunterricht online,language in german,german speaking,german,deutsch,online language learning,learning german online
Pluricentric language
A pluricentric language or polycentric language is a language with several interacting codified standard versions, often corresponding to different countries123 Examples include English, French, Portuguese, German, Korean, Spanish, Swedish, Armenian and Chinese4 A language that has only one formally standardised version is monocentric Examples include Russian and Japanese5
In some cases the different standards of a pluricentric language may be elaborated until they become autonomous languages, as happened with Malay and Indonesian or Hindi and Urdu5 The same process is underway in Serbo-Croatian5
Contents
1 Examples of varying degrees of pluricentrism
11 Arabic
12 Aramaic
13 Armenian
14 Bulgarian
15 Catalan–Valencian–Balearic
16 Chinese
17 Coptic
18 Dutch
19 English
110 French
111 German
112 Hindi, Urdu, and Hindustani languages
113 Malayalam
114 Persian
115 Portuguese
116 Serbo-Croatian
117 Spanish
118 Swedish
119 Others
2 See also
3 References
4 Bibliography
5 Further reading
6 External links
Examples of varying degrees of pluricentrism
This section nepluricentric language spoken in west africa, pluricentric language, pluricentric languages Pluricentric language
The framework of abstand and ausbau languages is a tool used in sociolinguistics to analyse and categorise the distinctiveness of related language varieties. Heinz Kloss coined the German terms Abstandsprache (literally: "distance language") and Ausbausprache (literally: "elaboration language," i.e. developed and standardized language) in 1952 to denote two separate and largely independent sets of criteria and arguments for deeming a variety to be an independent "language" rather than a "dialect": one linguistic, based on its objective structural properties, and the other sociological, based on its social and/or political functions.
This framework is intended to deal with situations in which multiple varieties from a dialect continuum have been standardized, so that they are commonly considered distinct languages even though they may be mutually intelligible. The Continental Scandinavian languages are usually cited as an example of this situation. One of the applications of this theoretical framework is language standardization (examples since the 1960s being Basque and Romansh).
I WRITE TO claim a lost identity, of me Ooh - I leave a message for you all Written here the fear that are my Destiny you see Come behold madness you never saw No love for killer babies My blood is written on your walls Oh it's time I leave ya now My locomotive rages Oh no you never heard me call Oh I know you'll hear me now I feel the rage that brings The fame of that I need I've now a face forever more Living with the fears That hear those fantasies in me Come an see sadness you never saw No love for killer babies My pain is written on your walls Oh it's time I leave you now Mama look what you made me Your locomotive killer calls Oh I know you hear me now Don't wait for me Don't hate for me Don't ask of what went wrong Don't pray for me or wonder why You've known this all along I've sinned for you I envy you Your pain I'll know I wanted love, you gave me none I've come to take you home Cause I've gone to meet my maker I'm locomotive man One killer baby's come to call Cause I've gone to meet my maker I am you Loco Man I'm coming down to take you all Oh God I'm coming Read my words I'm coming I got a gun I'm coming You won't hear me coming
PM 001/25 10.01.2025 Vermittlungsgespräche zum Ausbau der B 4 in Coburg starten. Der Start der Vermittlungsgespräche über den Ausbau der B 4 steht unmittelbar bevor ... zum Ausbau der B 4 in Coburg.
China f�hrt einer Analyse zufolge den Ausbau seiner Energiegewinnung aus Kohle zuk�nftig deutlich zur�ck ... Kohleausbau geht weiter ... Dass die Genehmigungen nun sp�rbar zur�ckgingen, f�hren die Analysten auf den Ausbau erneuerbarer Energie zur�ck ... ....
Im Erneuerbare-Energien-Gesetz (EEG) von 2023 hatte die Bundesregierung konkrete Etappen für den Ausbau der regenerativen Energieerzeuger bis 2030 festgehalten ... Was den Ausbau von PV-Anlagen angeht, ...
Der Ausbau der Solarenergie in Deutschland gewinnt an Fahrt ... 77 Prozent der Ende Mai befragten 2132 B�rgerinnen und B�rger sagten demnach, dass sie den weiteren Ausbau der Solarenergie f�r wichtig oder sogar au�erordentlich wichtig halten ... ....
DieBundesnetzagentur verkündete für die jüngste Ausschreibungsrunde zum Ausbau der Windkraft an Land Top-Zahlen ... Das sollte Bayern Ansporn genug sein, den Ausbau deutlich zu verstärken.