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Alexander Cunningham
Sir Alexander Cunningham KCIE CSI (23 January 1814 – 28 November 1893) was a British army engineer with the Bengal Engineer Group who later took an interest in the history and archaeology of India which led to his appointment in 1861 to the newly created position of archaeological surveyor to the government of India. He founded and organized what later became the Archaeological Survey of India. He wrote numerous books and monographs and made massive collections of artefacts. Some of his collections were lost but most of the gold and silver coins and a fine group of Buddhist sculptures and jewellery were bought by the British Museum in 1894. Two of his brothers, Francis Cunningham and Joseph Cunningham became well known for their work in British India while another, Peter Cunningham, became famous for his Handbook of London (1849).
Early life and career
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - https://wn.com/Alexander_Cunningham
Alexander Cunningham (jurist)
Alexander Cunningham of Block (1655–1730) was a Scottish jurist, classical critic and opponent of Richard Bentley.
Life
The son of the Rev. John Cunningham, minister of Cumnock in Ayrshire, and proprietor of the small estate Block, was born there between 1655 and 1660. He was probably educated both in the Netherlands and at Edinburgh, and was selected by William Douglas, 1st Duke of Queensberry to be tutor to his son, Lord George Douglas. Through the Queensberry influence he was appointed by the Crown to be professor of civil law in the university of Edinburgh about 1698.
In 1710, when the Duke of Queensberry was out of favour with the other Whig leaders, the magistrates of Edinburgh asserted their ancient right and ousted Cunningham from the professorship to make way for their own nominee. He then left Scotland, and established himself at The Hague, where he lived on a pension granted him by the Duke of Queensberry, devoting himself to chess and the study of the classical authors and of civil law.
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - https://wn.com/Alexander_Cunningham_(jurist)
Alexander Cunningham (historian)
Alexander Cunningham (1655–1737) was a Scottish diplomat and historian.
Life
The current scholarly view is that little can be said certainly about his early life: he was related to Henry Cunningham who was Governor of Jamaica, and so linked to the Glencairn family. He was travelling tutor to James Carmichael from 1692 to 1695.
Cunningham visited Rome in 1700, after giving up a position as tutor to Lord Lorne. The following year he was sent as agent to Paris, nominally on a mission to prepare a trade convention or commercial treaty, between France and Scotland, but in reality as a spy. He gave William III of England an account of French military preparations. After William's death, he continued to act on behalf of the Whig party. He visited Hanover with Joseph Addison in 1703, where he was received by the Electress Sophia and her son George I Louis.
Cunningham was frequently consulted by the framers of the union between England and Scotland. He tried to reconcile Harley and Somers, and was an acquaintance of Sir Isaac Newton. After the Whigs lost power in 1710, he returned to tutoring, in 1711 accompanying Lord Lonsdale to Italy.
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - https://wn.com/Alexander_Cunningham_(historian)
Earl of Glencairn
Earl of Glencairn was a title in the Peerage of Scotland. It was created in 1488 for Alexander Cunningham, 1st Lord Kilmaurs (created 1450). The name was taken from the parish of Glencairn in Dumfriesshire so named for the Cairn Waters which run through it.
On the death of the fifteenth earl in 1796, there existing no original Letters Patent of the creation nor a given remainder in the various confirmations in title of previous earls the title became dormant.
The earldom was claimed by Sir Adam Fergusson of Kilkerran, Bt., as heir of line of Alexander 10th, Earl of Glencairn and was opposed by Sir Walter Montgomery Cunningham of Corshill, Bt., as presumed heir male along with Lady Henriet Don, sister of the last earl, and wife of Sir Alexander Don of Newton Don, Roxburghshire. The House of Lords Committee of Privileges on 14 July 1797, chaired by the Lord Chancellor (Lord Rosslyn), in deciding the claim of the first-named, took a view unfavourable to all the claimants, and adjudged, that while Sir Adam Fergusson had shown himself to be the heir-general of Alexander, 10th Earl of Glencairn who died in 1670, he had not made out his right to the title. However, the decision was severely criticised by the jurist John Riddell in the 19th century and by Sir Iain Moncreiffe of that Ilk in the 20th.
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - https://wn.com/Earl_of_Glencairn
Alexander Cunningham (disambiguation)
Alexander Cunningham (1814–1893) was a British archaeologist and the father of the Archaeological Survey of India.
Alexander Cunningham is also the name of:
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - https://wn.com/Alexander_Cunningham_(disambiguation)
Alexander Cunningham, 5th Earl of Glencairn
Alexander Cunningham, 5th Earl of Glencairn (died 1574) was a Scottish nobleman and Protestant reformer, prominent in the Scottish Reformation.
Biography
The son of William Cunningham, 4th Earl of Glencairn by his second wife, the daughter of and heiress of John Campbell of West Loudon, he followed in his father's footsteps as a Protestant and was among the first of the Scots' nobility who concurred with the Scottish Reformation.
By 1540, Cunningham (then Lord Kilmaurs) was associated with the cause of reform, writing a satirical poem about the Grey Friars, which was later reprinted by Knox in his "History of the Reformation in Scotland."
In 1555 on the return of John Knox to Scotland, he resorted openly to hear him preach. When the Reformer, at the request of the Earl Marischal, addressed to the Queen Regent, Mary of Guise a letter in which he earnestly exhorted her to protect the reformed preachers, and to consent to a Reformation in the church, Glencairn had the boldness to deliver it to Her Majesty, who, after glancing carelessly over it, handed to James Bethune, Archbishop of Glasgow, and contemptuously said: "Please you, my lord, to read as pasquil!".
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - https://wn.com/Alexander_Cunningham,_5th_Earl_of_Glencairn
Podcasts:
-
Clan Cunningham History
https://bagtownclans.com/index.php/2023/03/07/cunningham-clan-crest/ The clan's origins are placed in the 12th century, with the progenitor of the Cunningham family, Warnebald, receiving a grant for the land of the Manor Cunningham between 1135 and 1140. The clan's traditional lands were located in Cunninghame, in the northern part of Ayrshire. During the Wars of Scottish Independence, the Cunninghams supported Robert the Bruce in their fight for Scottish independence. However, prior to this, their name appeared in the Ragman Rolls, swearing fealty to Edward I of England in 1296. Bruce was generous to his supporters, and after his victory, the lands of Lamburgton were added to that of Kilmaurs in 1319 by royal charter. In the 15th and 16th centuries, the Clan Cunningham feuded with the ...
published: 07 Mar 2023 -
Clan Cunningham
https://www.etsy.com/ca/listing/903466589/clan-cunningham-vintage-poster Clan Cunningham from the book The Scottish Tartans by W. & A. K. JOHNSTON LTD. The Cunninghams trace their descent from Warnebald, who settled in the district of Cunningham, Ayrshire, and obtained the manor of that name before 1162, and took his surname from the land. His grandson founded the Cunninghams of Glengarnock, and his grandson was the ancestor of Cunningham of Polmaise. Sir Robert Cunningham swore fealty to King Edward I of England in 1296, and left two sons, from the younger of whom came the Cunninghams of Drumquhassel, Ballindalloch, Balbougie, and Banton. Alexander Cunningham was created Lord Kilmaurs about 1450, and Earl of Glencairn, 1488, but was killed in the same year at the battle of Sauchieburn. ...
published: 17 Nov 2020 -
Mary Queen of Scots - A Tragic Tale of betrayal Documentary
Start your free 30-day Audible trial by visiting https://www.audible.com/peopleprofiles or text "peopleprofiles" to 500 500! For early access to our videos, discounted merch and many other exclusive perks please support us via Patreon: http://www.patreon.com/thepeopleprofiles, Buy me a Coffee: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/peopleprofiles or Join as a YouTube member: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCD6TPU-PvTMvqgzC_AM7_uA/join The script for this video has been checked with Plagiarism software and scored 1% on Grammarly. In academia, a score of below 15% is considered good or acceptable. All footage, images and music used in People Profiles Documentaries are sourced from free media websites or are purchased with commercial rights from online media archives. #Biography #History #Documen...
published: 22 Jan 2021 -
The True Name of the "Scots" and the Origins of Clan Donnachaidh
In this video I'm going to expose the insulting origin of the term "Scots" and what our true and rightful name really is, the Dal Riata. I'm also going to be exploring the origin of my own family heritage, Clan Robertson or Donnachaidh, and why I took such offence at Ged Skeptic's ignorant claim that King Edward Longshanks had a more rightful claim upon our Throne than King Robert the Bruce. Copyright Disclaimer Under Section 107 of the Copyright Act 1976, allowance is made for "fair use" for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, and research. Fair use is a use permitted by copyright statute that might otherwise be infringing. Non-profit, educational or personal use tips the balance in favor of fair use. NO COPYRIGHT INFRINGEMENT INTENDED. All right...
published: 15 Jun 2021 -
Scottish Reformation | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article: Scottish Reformation Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago. Learning by listening is a great way to: - increases imagination and understanding - improves your listening skills - improves your own spoken accent - learn while on the move - reduce eye strain Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone. You can find other Wikipedia audio...
published: 10 Nov 2018
developed with YouTube
2:37
Clan Cunningham History
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:37
- Uploaded Date: 07 Mar 2023
- views: 958
https://bagtownclans.com/index.php/2023/03/07/cunningham-clan-crest/
The clan's origins are placed in the 12th century, with the progenitor of the Cunningham f...
https://bagtownclans.com/index.php/2023/03/07/cunningham-clan-crest/
The clan's origins are placed in the 12th century, with the progenitor of the Cunningham family, Warnebald, receiving a grant for the land of the Manor Cunningham between 1135 and 1140. The clan's traditional lands were located in Cunninghame, in the northern part of Ayrshire.
During the Wars of Scottish Independence, the Cunninghams supported Robert the Bruce in their fight for Scottish independence. However, prior to this, their name appeared in the Ragman Rolls, swearing fealty to Edward I of England in 1296. Bruce was generous to his supporters, and after his victory, the lands of Lamburgton were added to that of Kilmaurs in 1319 by royal charter.
In the 15th and 16th centuries, the Clan Cunningham feuded with the Clan Montgomery over the Baillieship of Cunninghame. This feud lasted for over a century and included burning down castles and killing family members. The feud finally ended when the chiefs of the two clans shook hands.
Throughout history, the Clan Cunningham has held several castles, castle houses, and great estates, including Finlaystone Castle, Kilmaurs Place, Glencairn Castle, Caprington Castle, Aiket Castle, Robertland Castle, Kerelaw Castle, and Corsehill Castle.
The clan has had many notable members throughout history, including Sir William Cunningham of Kilmaurs, who was amongst the Scottish noblemen offered as a hostage to David II of Scotland's English captors in 1354. The fifth Cunningham Earl of Glencairn was a Protestant reformer and a patron of John Knox. Alexander Cunningham was a historical writer who was the British envoy to Venice from 1715 to 1720. William Cunningham of Robertland was a friend of the poet Robert Burns. Allan Cunningham was a poet and writer who some believe was only eclipsed by Burns himself.
In modern times, the chief of the Clan Cunningham is Cunningham of Corsehill, after Sir John Christopher Foggo Montgomery Cunninghame, Baronet of Corsehill, was recognized by Lord Lyon as Clan Chief in 2013, following a vacancy of over 200 years.
The history of the Scottish Clan Cunningham is a rich and complex one, filled with stories of bravery, loyalty, and power struggles. Today, the clan continues to celebrate its traditions and heritage, keeping alive the memory of its illustrious past.
https://wn.com/Clan_Cunningham_History
https://bagtownclans.com/index.php/2023/03/07/cunningham-clan-crest/
The clan's origins are placed in the 12th century, with the progenitor of the Cunningham family, Warnebald, receiving a grant for the land of the Manor Cunningham between 1135 and 1140. The clan's traditional lands were located in Cunninghame, in the northern part of Ayrshire.
During the Wars of Scottish Independence, the Cunninghams supported Robert the Bruce in their fight for Scottish independence. However, prior to this, their name appeared in the Ragman Rolls, swearing fealty to Edward I of England in 1296. Bruce was generous to his supporters, and after his victory, the lands of Lamburgton were added to that of Kilmaurs in 1319 by royal charter.
In the 15th and 16th centuries, the Clan Cunningham feuded with the Clan Montgomery over the Baillieship of Cunninghame. This feud lasted for over a century and included burning down castles and killing family members. The feud finally ended when the chiefs of the two clans shook hands.
Throughout history, the Clan Cunningham has held several castles, castle houses, and great estates, including Finlaystone Castle, Kilmaurs Place, Glencairn Castle, Caprington Castle, Aiket Castle, Robertland Castle, Kerelaw Castle, and Corsehill Castle.
The clan has had many notable members throughout history, including Sir William Cunningham of Kilmaurs, who was amongst the Scottish noblemen offered as a hostage to David II of Scotland's English captors in 1354. The fifth Cunningham Earl of Glencairn was a Protestant reformer and a patron of John Knox. Alexander Cunningham was a historical writer who was the British envoy to Venice from 1715 to 1720. William Cunningham of Robertland was a friend of the poet Robert Burns. Allan Cunningham was a poet and writer who some believe was only eclipsed by Burns himself.
In modern times, the chief of the Clan Cunningham is Cunningham of Corsehill, after Sir John Christopher Foggo Montgomery Cunninghame, Baronet of Corsehill, was recognized by Lord Lyon as Clan Chief in 2013, following a vacancy of over 200 years.
The history of the Scottish Clan Cunningham is a rich and complex one, filled with stories of bravery, loyalty, and power struggles. Today, the clan continues to celebrate its traditions and heritage, keeping alive the memory of its illustrious past.
1:25
Clan Cunningham
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:25
- Uploaded Date: 17 Nov 2020
- views: 860
https://www.etsy.com/ca/listing/903466589/clan-cunningham-vintage-poster
Clan Cunningham from the book The Scottish Tartans by W. & A. K. JOHNSTON LTD.
The Cu...
https://www.etsy.com/ca/listing/903466589/clan-cunningham-vintage-poster
Clan Cunningham from the book The Scottish Tartans by W. & A. K. JOHNSTON LTD.
The Cunninghams trace their descent from Warnebald, who
settled in the district of Cunningham, Ayrshire, and obtained
the manor of that name before 1162, and took his surname from the
land. His grandson founded the Cunninghams of Glengarnock,
and his grandson was the ancestor of Cunningham of Polmaise.
Sir Robert Cunningham swore fealty to King Edward I of England
in 1296, and left two sons, from the younger of whom came
the Cunninghams of Drumquhassel, Ballindalloch, Balbougie, and
Banton. Alexander Cunningham was created Lord Kilmaurs about
1450, and Earl of Glencairn, 1488, but was killed in the same year
at the battle of Sauchieburn. The 5th Earl was a great supporter
of the Reformation, and when Queen Mary was sent to Loch Leven
he went to the chapel at Holyrood and demolished the altar and
other things there. After the death of John, 14th Earl, in 1796
without issue, the title became dormant. The Fairlie Cunninghams
are the descendants of the second son of the 1st Earl. Cunningham
of Corsehill, Baronet from 1673, and representative of the second
son of the 3rd Earl of Glencairn . is now regarded as the Chief.
https://wn.com/Clan_Cunningham
https://www.etsy.com/ca/listing/903466589/clan-cunningham-vintage-poster
Clan Cunningham from the book The Scottish Tartans by W. & A. K. JOHNSTON LTD.
The Cunninghams trace their descent from Warnebald, who
settled in the district of Cunningham, Ayrshire, and obtained
the manor of that name before 1162, and took his surname from the
land. His grandson founded the Cunninghams of Glengarnock,
and his grandson was the ancestor of Cunningham of Polmaise.
Sir Robert Cunningham swore fealty to King Edward I of England
in 1296, and left two sons, from the younger of whom came
the Cunninghams of Drumquhassel, Ballindalloch, Balbougie, and
Banton. Alexander Cunningham was created Lord Kilmaurs about
1450, and Earl of Glencairn, 1488, but was killed in the same year
at the battle of Sauchieburn. The 5th Earl was a great supporter
of the Reformation, and when Queen Mary was sent to Loch Leven
he went to the chapel at Holyrood and demolished the altar and
other things there. After the death of John, 14th Earl, in 1796
without issue, the title became dormant. The Fairlie Cunninghams
are the descendants of the second son of the 1st Earl. Cunningham
of Corsehill, Baronet from 1673, and representative of the second
son of the 3rd Earl of Glencairn . is now regarded as the Chief.
- published: 17 Nov 2020
- views: 860
46:00
Mary Queen of Scots - A Tragic Tale of betrayal Documentary
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 46:00
- Uploaded Date: 22 Jan 2021
- views: 528957
Start your free 30-day Audible trial by visiting https://www.audible.com/peopleprofiles or text "peopleprofiles" to 500 500!
For early access to our videos, di...
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The script for this video has been checked with Plagiarism software and scored 1% on Grammarly. In academia, a score of below 15% is considered good or acceptable.
All footage, images and music used in People Profiles Documentaries are sourced from free media websites or are purchased with commercial rights from online media archives.
#Biography #History #Documentary
Attributions:
"Evening Melodrama" Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com)
Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 4.0 License
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
#Biography #History #Documentary
https://wn.com/Mary_Queen_Of_Scots_A_Tragic_Tale_Of_Betrayal_Documentary
Start your free 30-day Audible trial by visiting https://www.audible.com/peopleprofiles or text "peopleprofiles" to 500 500!
For early access to our videos, discounted merch and many other exclusive perks please support us via Patreon: http://www.patreon.com/thepeopleprofiles, Buy me a Coffee: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/peopleprofiles or Join as a YouTube member: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCD6TPU-PvTMvqgzC_AM7_uA/join
The script for this video has been checked with Plagiarism software and scored 1% on Grammarly. In academia, a score of below 15% is considered good or acceptable.
All footage, images and music used in People Profiles Documentaries are sourced from free media websites or are purchased with commercial rights from online media archives.
#Biography #History #Documentary
Attributions:
"Evening Melodrama" Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com)
Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 4.0 License
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
#Biography #History #Documentary
- published: 22 Jan 2021
- views: 528957
6:56
The True Name of the "Scots" and the Origins of Clan Donnachaidh
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:56
- Uploaded Date: 15 Jun 2021
- views: 2451
In this video I'm going to expose the insulting origin of the term "Scots" and what our true and rightful name really is, the Dal Riata.
I'm also going to be e...
In this video I'm going to expose the insulting origin of the term "Scots" and what our true and rightful name really is, the Dal Riata.
I'm also going to be exploring the origin of my own family heritage, Clan Robertson or Donnachaidh, and why I took such offence at Ged Skeptic's ignorant claim that King Edward Longshanks had a more rightful claim upon our Throne than King Robert the Bruce.
Copyright Disclaimer Under Section 107 of the Copyright Act 1976, allowance is made for "fair use" for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, and research. Fair use is a use permitted by copyright statute that might otherwise be infringing. Non-profit, educational or personal use tips the balance in favor of fair use. NO COPYRIGHT INFRINGEMENT INTENDED. All rights belong to their respective owners.
https://wn.com/The_True_Name_Of_The_Scots_And_The_Origins_Of_Clan_Donnachaidh
In this video I'm going to expose the insulting origin of the term "Scots" and what our true and rightful name really is, the Dal Riata.
I'm also going to be exploring the origin of my own family heritage, Clan Robertson or Donnachaidh, and why I took such offence at Ged Skeptic's ignorant claim that King Edward Longshanks had a more rightful claim upon our Throne than King Robert the Bruce.
Copyright Disclaimer Under Section 107 of the Copyright Act 1976, allowance is made for "fair use" for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, and research. Fair use is a use permitted by copyright statute that might otherwise be infringing. Non-profit, educational or personal use tips the balance in favor of fair use. NO COPYRIGHT INFRINGEMENT INTENDED. All rights belong to their respective owners.
- published: 15 Jun 2021
- views: 2451
1:16:58
Scottish Reformation | Wikipedia audio article
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:16:58
- Uploaded Date: 10 Nov 2018
- views: 146
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Scottish Reformation
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written
lang...
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Scottish Reformation
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written
language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through
audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio
while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using
a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCuKfABj2eGyjH3ntPxp4YeQ
In case you don't find one that you were looking for, put a comment.
This video uses Google TTS en-US-Standard-D voice.
SUMMARY
=======
The Scottish Reformation was the process by which Scotland broke with the Papacy and developed a predominantly Calvinist national Kirk (church), which was strongly Presbyterian in outlook. It was part of the wider European Protestant Reformation that took place from the sixteenth century.
From the late fifteenth century the ideas of Renaissance humanism, critical of aspects of the established Catholic Church, began to reach Scotland, particularly through the contacts between Scottish and continental scholars. In the earlier part of the sixteenth century, the teachings of Martin Luther began to influence Scotland. Particularly important was the work of the Lutheran Scot Patrick Hamilton, who was executed in 1528. Unlike his uncle Henry VIII in England, James V avoided major structural and theological changes to the church and used it as a source of income and for appointments for his illegitimate children and favourites. His death in 1542 left the infant Mary, Queen of Scots as his heir, allowing a series of English invasions later known as the Rough Wooing. The English supplied books and distributed Bibles and Protestant literature in the Lowlands when they invaded in 1547. The execution of the Zwingli-influenced George Wishart in 1546, who was burnt at the stake on the orders of Cardinal David Beaton, stimulated the growth of these ideas in reaction. Wishart's supporters, who included a number of Fife lairds, assassinated Beaton soon after and seized St. Andrews Castle, which they held for a year before they were defeated with the help of French forces. The survivors, including chaplain John Knox, were condemned to serve as galley slaves. Their martyrdom stirred resentment of the French and inspired additional martyrs for the Protestant cause. In 1549, the defeat of the English with French support led to the marriage of Mary to the French dauphin and a regency over Scotland for the queen's mother, Mary of Guise.
Limited toleration and the influence of exiled Scots and Protestants in other countries, led to the expansion of Protestantism, with a group of lairds declaring themselves Lords of the Congregation in 1557 and representing Protestant interests politically. The collapse of the French alliance and the death of the regent, followed by English intervention in 1560, meant that a relatively small but highly influential group of Protestants had the power to impose reform on the Scottish church. The Scottish Reformation Parliament of 1560 approved a Protestant confession of faith, rejecting papal jurisdiction and the mass. Knox, having escaped the galleys and having spent time in Geneva, where he became a follower of Calvin, emerged as the most significant figure. The Calvinism of the reformers led by Knox resulted in a settlement that adopted a Presbyterian system and rejected most of the elaborate trappings of the Medieval church. When her husband Francis II died in 1560, the Catholic Mary returned to Scotland to take up the government. Her six-year personal reign was marred by a series of crises, largely caused by the intrigues and rivalries of the leading nobles. Opposition to her third husband Bothwell led to the formation of a coalition of nobles, who captured Mary and forced her abdicate in favour of her son, who came to the throne as James VI in 1567. James was brought up a Protestant, but resisted Presbyterianism and the independence of the Kirk.
The Reformation resulted in major changes in Scottish society. These included a desire to plant a school in every parish and major reforms of the university system. The Kirk discouraged many forms of plays, as well as poetry that was not devotional in nature; however, significant playwrights and poets did nevertheless emerge, such as George Buchanan and the Castalian Band of James VI's reign. Scotland's ecclesiastical art paid a heavy toll as a result of Reformation iconoclasm. Native craftsmen and artists turned to secular patrons, resulting in ...
https://wn.com/Scottish_Reformation_|_Wikipedia_Audio_Article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Scottish Reformation
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written
language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through
audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio
while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using
a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCuKfABj2eGyjH3ntPxp4YeQ
In case you don't find one that you were looking for, put a comment.
This video uses Google TTS en-US-Standard-D voice.
SUMMARY
=======
The Scottish Reformation was the process by which Scotland broke with the Papacy and developed a predominantly Calvinist national Kirk (church), which was strongly Presbyterian in outlook. It was part of the wider European Protestant Reformation that took place from the sixteenth century.
From the late fifteenth century the ideas of Renaissance humanism, critical of aspects of the established Catholic Church, began to reach Scotland, particularly through the contacts between Scottish and continental scholars. In the earlier part of the sixteenth century, the teachings of Martin Luther began to influence Scotland. Particularly important was the work of the Lutheran Scot Patrick Hamilton, who was executed in 1528. Unlike his uncle Henry VIII in England, James V avoided major structural and theological changes to the church and used it as a source of income and for appointments for his illegitimate children and favourites. His death in 1542 left the infant Mary, Queen of Scots as his heir, allowing a series of English invasions later known as the Rough Wooing. The English supplied books and distributed Bibles and Protestant literature in the Lowlands when they invaded in 1547. The execution of the Zwingli-influenced George Wishart in 1546, who was burnt at the stake on the orders of Cardinal David Beaton, stimulated the growth of these ideas in reaction. Wishart's supporters, who included a number of Fife lairds, assassinated Beaton soon after and seized St. Andrews Castle, which they held for a year before they were defeated with the help of French forces. The survivors, including chaplain John Knox, were condemned to serve as galley slaves. Their martyrdom stirred resentment of the French and inspired additional martyrs for the Protestant cause. In 1549, the defeat of the English with French support led to the marriage of Mary to the French dauphin and a regency over Scotland for the queen's mother, Mary of Guise.
Limited toleration and the influence of exiled Scots and Protestants in other countries, led to the expansion of Protestantism, with a group of lairds declaring themselves Lords of the Congregation in 1557 and representing Protestant interests politically. The collapse of the French alliance and the death of the regent, followed by English intervention in 1560, meant that a relatively small but highly influential group of Protestants had the power to impose reform on the Scottish church. The Scottish Reformation Parliament of 1560 approved a Protestant confession of faith, rejecting papal jurisdiction and the mass. Knox, having escaped the galleys and having spent time in Geneva, where he became a follower of Calvin, emerged as the most significant figure. The Calvinism of the reformers led by Knox resulted in a settlement that adopted a Presbyterian system and rejected most of the elaborate trappings of the Medieval church. When her husband Francis II died in 1560, the Catholic Mary returned to Scotland to take up the government. Her six-year personal reign was marred by a series of crises, largely caused by the intrigues and rivalries of the leading nobles. Opposition to her third husband Bothwell led to the formation of a coalition of nobles, who captured Mary and forced her abdicate in favour of her son, who came to the throne as James VI in 1567. James was brought up a Protestant, but resisted Presbyterianism and the independence of the Kirk.
The Reformation resulted in major changes in Scottish society. These included a desire to plant a school in every parish and major reforms of the university system. The Kirk discouraged many forms of plays, as well as poetry that was not devotional in nature; however, significant playwrights and poets did nevertheless emerge, such as George Buchanan and the Castalian Band of James VI's reign. Scotland's ecclesiastical art paid a heavy toll as a result of Reformation iconoclasm. Native craftsmen and artists turned to secular patrons, resulting in ...
- published: 10 Nov 2018
- views: 146
2:37
Clan Cunningham History
https://bagtownclans.com/index.php/2023/03/07/cunningham-clan-crest/
The clan's origins a...
published: 07 Mar 2023
Clan Cunningham History
Clan Cunningham History
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https://bagtownclans.com/index.php/2023/03/07/cunningham-clan-crest/
The clan's origins are placed in the 12th century, with the progenitor of the Cunningham family, Warnebald, receiving a grant for the land of the Manor Cunningham between 1135 and 1140. The clan's traditional lands were located in Cunninghame, in the northern part of Ayrshire.
During the Wars of Scottish Independence, the Cunninghams supported Robert the Bruce in their fight for Scottish independence. However, prior to this, their name appeared in the Ragman Rolls, swearing fealty to Edward I of England in 1296. Bruce was generous to his supporters, and after his victory, the lands of Lamburgton were added to that of Kilmaurs in 1319 by royal charter.
In the 15th and 16th centuries, the Clan Cunningham feuded with the Clan Montgomery over the Baillieship of Cunninghame. This feud lasted for over a century and included burning down castles and killing family members. The feud finally ended when the chiefs of the two clans shook hands.
Throughout history, the Clan Cunningham has held several castles, castle houses, and great estates, including Finlaystone Castle, Kilmaurs Place, Glencairn Castle, Caprington Castle, Aiket Castle, Robertland Castle, Kerelaw Castle, and Corsehill Castle.
The clan has had many notable members throughout history, including Sir William Cunningham of Kilmaurs, who was amongst the Scottish noblemen offered as a hostage to David II of Scotland's English captors in 1354. The fifth Cunningham Earl of Glencairn was a Protestant reformer and a patron of John Knox. Alexander Cunningham was a historical writer who was the British envoy to Venice from 1715 to 1720. William Cunningham of Robertland was a friend of the poet Robert Burns. Allan Cunningham was a poet and writer who some believe was only eclipsed by Burns himself.
In modern times, the chief of the Clan Cunningham is Cunningham of Corsehill, after Sir John Christopher Foggo Montgomery Cunninghame, Baronet of Corsehill, was recognized by Lord Lyon as Clan Chief in 2013, following a vacancy of over 200 years.
The history of the Scottish Clan Cunningham is a rich and complex one, filled with stories of bravery, loyalty, and power struggles. Today, the clan continues to celebrate its traditions and heritage, keeping alive the memory of its illustrious past.
1:25
Clan Cunningham
https://www.etsy.com/ca/listing/903466589/clan-cunningham-vintage-poster
Clan Cunningham ...
published: 17 Nov 2020
Clan Cunningham
Clan Cunningham
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https://www.etsy.com/ca/listing/903466589/clan-cunningham-vintage-poster
Clan Cunningham from the book The Scottish Tartans by W. & A. K. JOHNSTON LTD.
The Cunninghams trace their descent from Warnebald, who
settled in the district of Cunningham, Ayrshire, and obtained
the manor of that name before 1162, and took his surname from the
land. His grandson founded the Cunninghams of Glengarnock,
and his grandson was the ancestor of Cunningham of Polmaise.
Sir Robert Cunningham swore fealty to King Edward I of England
in 1296, and left two sons, from the younger of whom came
the Cunninghams of Drumquhassel, Ballindalloch, Balbougie, and
Banton. Alexander Cunningham was created Lord Kilmaurs about
1450, and Earl of Glencairn, 1488, but was killed in the same year
at the battle of Sauchieburn. The 5th Earl was a great supporter
of the Reformation, and when Queen Mary was sent to Loch Leven
he went to the chapel at Holyrood and demolished the altar and
other things there. After the death of John, 14th Earl, in 1796
without issue, the title became dormant. The Fairlie Cunninghams
are the descendants of the second son of the 1st Earl. Cunningham
of Corsehill, Baronet from 1673, and representative of the second
son of the 3rd Earl of Glencairn . is now regarded as the Chief.
46:00
Mary Queen of Scots - A Tragic Tale of betrayal Documentary
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published: 22 Jan 2021
Mary Queen of Scots - A Tragic Tale of betrayal Documentary
Mary Queen of Scots - A Tragic Tale of betrayal Documentary
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6:56
The True Name of the "Scots" and the Origins of Clan Donnachaidh
In this video I'm going to expose the insulting origin of the term "Scots" and what our tr...
published: 15 Jun 2021
The True Name of the "Scots" and the Origins of Clan Donnachaidh
The True Name of the "Scots" and the Origins of Clan Donnachaidh
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- views: 2451
In this video I'm going to expose the insulting origin of the term "Scots" and what our true and rightful name really is, the Dal Riata.
I'm also going to be exploring the origin of my own family heritage, Clan Robertson or Donnachaidh, and why I took such offence at Ged Skeptic's ignorant claim that King Edward Longshanks had a more rightful claim upon our Throne than King Robert the Bruce.
Copyright Disclaimer Under Section 107 of the Copyright Act 1976, allowance is made for "fair use" for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, and research. Fair use is a use permitted by copyright statute that might otherwise be infringing. Non-profit, educational or personal use tips the balance in favor of fair use. NO COPYRIGHT INFRINGEMENT INTENDED. All rights belong to their respective owners.
1:16:58
Scottish Reformation | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Scottish Reformation
Listening is a...
published: 10 Nov 2018
Scottish Reformation | Wikipedia audio article
Scottish Reformation | Wikipedia audio article
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This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Scottish Reformation
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written
language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
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Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through
audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio
while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using
a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
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In case you don't find one that you were looking for, put a comment.
This video uses Google TTS en-US-Standard-D voice.
SUMMARY
=======
The Scottish Reformation was the process by which Scotland broke with the Papacy and developed a predominantly Calvinist national Kirk (church), which was strongly Presbyterian in outlook. It was part of the wider European Protestant Reformation that took place from the sixteenth century.
From the late fifteenth century the ideas of Renaissance humanism, critical of aspects of the established Catholic Church, began to reach Scotland, particularly through the contacts between Scottish and continental scholars. In the earlier part of the sixteenth century, the teachings of Martin Luther began to influence Scotland. Particularly important was the work of the Lutheran Scot Patrick Hamilton, who was executed in 1528. Unlike his uncle Henry VIII in England, James V avoided major structural and theological changes to the church and used it as a source of income and for appointments for his illegitimate children and favourites. His death in 1542 left the infant Mary, Queen of Scots as his heir, allowing a series of English invasions later known as the Rough Wooing. The English supplied books and distributed Bibles and Protestant literature in the Lowlands when they invaded in 1547. The execution of the Zwingli-influenced George Wishart in 1546, who was burnt at the stake on the orders of Cardinal David Beaton, stimulated the growth of these ideas in reaction. Wishart's supporters, who included a number of Fife lairds, assassinated Beaton soon after and seized St. Andrews Castle, which they held for a year before they were defeated with the help of French forces. The survivors, including chaplain John Knox, were condemned to serve as galley slaves. Their martyrdom stirred resentment of the French and inspired additional martyrs for the Protestant cause. In 1549, the defeat of the English with French support led to the marriage of Mary to the French dauphin and a regency over Scotland for the queen's mother, Mary of Guise.
Limited toleration and the influence of exiled Scots and Protestants in other countries, led to the expansion of Protestantism, with a group of lairds declaring themselves Lords of the Congregation in 1557 and representing Protestant interests politically. The collapse of the French alliance and the death of the regent, followed by English intervention in 1560, meant that a relatively small but highly influential group of Protestants had the power to impose reform on the Scottish church. The Scottish Reformation Parliament of 1560 approved a Protestant confession of faith, rejecting papal jurisdiction and the mass. Knox, having escaped the galleys and having spent time in Geneva, where he became a follower of Calvin, emerged as the most significant figure. The Calvinism of the reformers led by Knox resulted in a settlement that adopted a Presbyterian system and rejected most of the elaborate trappings of the Medieval church. When her husband Francis II died in 1560, the Catholic Mary returned to Scotland to take up the government. Her six-year personal reign was marred by a series of crises, largely caused by the intrigues and rivalries of the leading nobles. Opposition to her third husband Bothwell led to the formation of a coalition of nobles, who captured Mary and forced her abdicate in favour of her son, who came to the throne as James VI in 1567. James was brought up a Protestant, but resisted Presbyterianism and the independence of the Kirk.
The Reformation resulted in major changes in Scottish society. These included a desire to plant a school in every parish and major reforms of the university system. The Kirk discouraged many forms of plays, as well as poetry that was not devotional in nature; however, significant playwrights and poets did nevertheless emerge, such as George Buchanan and the Castalian Band of James VI's reign. Scotland's ecclesiastical art paid a heavy toll as a result of Reformation iconoclasm. Native craftsmen and artists turned to secular patrons, resulting in ...
Alexander Cunningham
Sir Alexander Cunningham KCIE CSI (23 January 1814 – 28 November 1893) was a British army engineer with the Bengal Engineer Group who later took an interest in the history and archaeology of India which led to his appointment in 1861 to the newly created position of archaeological surveyor to the government of India. He founded and organized what later became the Archaeological Survey of India. He wrote numerous books and monographs and made massive collections of artefacts. Some of his collections were lost but most of the gold and silver coins and a fine group of Buddhist sculptures and jewellery were bought by the British Museum in 1894. Two of his brothers, Francis Cunningham and Joseph Cunningham became well known for their work in British India while another, Peter Cunningham, became famous for his Handbook of London (1849).
Early life and career
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - https://wn.com/Alexander_Cunningham
Clan Cunningham History...
Clan Cunningham...
Mary Queen of Scots - A Tragic Tale of betrayal Do...
The True Name of the "Scots" and the Origins of Cl...