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Wahrlich, wahrlich, ich sage euch, BWV 86

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Wahrlich, wahrlich, ich sage euch
BWV 86
Church cantata by J. S. Bach
Thomaskirche, Leipzig
OccasionRogate (fifth Sunday after Easter)
Bible textJohn 16:23
Chorale
Performed14 May 1724 (1724-05-14): Leipzig
Movements6
Vocal
  • solo: alto, tenor and bass
  • SATB choir
Instrumental
  • 2 oboes d'amore
  • 2 violins
  • viola
  • continuo

Wahrlich, wahrlich, ich sage euch (Truly, truly I say to you),[1] BWV 86, is a church cantata by Johann Sebastian Bach. He composed it in Leipzig for Rogate, the fifth Sunday after Easter, and first performed it on 14 May 1724.

An unknown poet began the text with a quotation from the Farewell Discourse of Jesus. He used a stanza of Georg Grünwald's hymn "Kommt her zu mir, spricht Gottes Sohn" in movement 3 and as the closing chorale a stanza from "Es ist das Heil uns kommen her" by Paul Speratus (1524). Bach structured the cantata in six movements, a gospel quotation in the beginning, chorales as movements 3 and 6, otherwise recitatives and arias. He scored it for three vocal soloists, a four-part choir and a Baroque instrumental ensemble of two oboes d'amore, strings and continuo.

History and words

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Bach composed the cantata in Leipzig in his first annual cycle as Thomaskantor for the Fifth Sunday after Easter, called Rogate.[2] The prescribed readings for the Sunday were from the Epistle of James, "doers of the word, not only listeners" (James 1:22–27) and from the Gospel of John, from the Farewell Discourses of Jesus, prayers will be fulfilled (John 16:23–30).[2] The theme of the cantata is a quotation from the gospel at the beginning, the promise of Jesus "Verily, verily, I say unto you, whatsoever ye shall ask the Father in my name, he will give you". An unknown poet used as movement 3 the 16th stanza of Georg Grünwald hymn "Kommt her zu mir, spricht Gottes Sohn" (1530), and as the closing chorale the eleventh stanza of "Es ist das Heil uns kommen her" by Paul Speratus (1524).[3] The poet hints at the question how the promise can be understood looking at the reality of life. In movement 2 he uses the image of a rose with thorns to illustrate two conflicting aspects. In movements 3 and 4 he confirms the promise which has to be seen in the perspective of time. Movement 5 refers to the waiting for a promise being kept, and the closing chorale assures that God knows the right time.[4] The structure of the six movements – a gospel quotation in the beginning, chorales as movements 3 and 6, the sequence of recitative and arias – is similar to Wo gehest du hin? BWV 166, first performed one week earlier.[5]

Bach first performed the cantata on 14 May 1724.[2][4]

Music

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Structure and scoring

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Bach structured the cantata in six movements, beginning with a biblical quotation for the vox Christi, Jesus speaking. An aria is followed by a chorale for the soprano, a set of recitative and aria, and the closing chorale, the only movement for choir. Bach scored the work for three vocal soloists (alto, tenor, bass), a four-part choir and a Baroque instrumental ensemble of two oboes d'amore (Oa), two violins (Vl), viola (Va) and basso continuo.[2][6]

In the following table of the movements, the scoring follows the Neue Bach-Ausgabe. The keys and time signatures are taken from Alfred Dürr, using the symbol for common time (4/4).[4] The continuo, playing throughout, is not shown.

Movements of Wahrlich, wahrlich, ich sage euch
No. Title Text Type Vocal Oboe Strings Key Time
1 Wahrlich, wahrlich, ich sage euch John 16:23 Aria B 2Vl Va E major common time
2 Ich will doch wohl Rosen brechen anon. Aria A Vl A major 3/4
3 Und was der ewig gütig Gott Grünwald Chorale S 2Oa F-sharp minor common time
4 Gott macht es nicht gleichwie die Welt anon. Recitative T common time
5 Gott hilft gewiß anon. Aria T 2Vl Va E major common time
6 Die Hoffnung wart' der rechten Zeit Speratus Chorale SATB (2Oa) (2Vl Va) common time

Movements

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1

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The gospel quotation, "Wahrlich, wahrlich, ich sage euch, so ihr den Vater etwas bitten werdet in meinem Namen, so wird er's euch geben." (Truly, truly I say to you, whatever you ask of the Father in My name, so will it be given to you.),[1] is given to the bass as the vox Christi, the voice of Jesus.[7][8] The instruments, strings probably doubled by oboe d'amore, introduce vocal motifs which the voice picks up. The bass sings the text three times, while the instruments continue playing the same motifs.[4] Julian Mincham observes: "The richness of the text, the unobtrusive nature of the melodic ideas and the gently flowing rhythms combine to create an appropriate atmosphere of dignified restraint".[9]

2

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In the alto aria, "Ich will doch wohl Rosen brechen" (I will yet indeed pluck roses),[1] the voice is accompanied by the strings and a violin obbligato in virtuoso figuration, which may illustrate the heavenly light promised as the final fulfillment.[9] John Eliot Gardiner, who conducted the Bach Cantata Pilgrimage in 2000, interprets the solo violin's motif as an image of plucking a rose, and notes that the solo violin is silent when fulfillment is reached ("For He has pledged His word").[10]

3

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In the chorale, "Und was der ewig gültig Gott in seinem Wort versprochen hat" (And whatever the eternally merciful God has promised with His word),[1] the unadorned cantus firmus in the soprano is embedded in a trio of the two oboes d'amore and the continuo.[3] Gardiner suggests that the oboes' music may illustrate the "stratospheric circling of the angelic host" which the hymn text refers to.[9]

4

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In a short tenor recitative for tenor, "Gott macht es nicht gleichwie die Welt, die viel verspricht und wenig hält" (God does not do as the world does, that promises much and upholds little),[1] the musicologist Julian Mincham notes "a moment of harsh severity in the melody at the mention of the world′s failings".[9]

5

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In the tenor aria, "Gott hilft gewiß; wird gleich die Hilfe aufgeschoben" (God helps indeed; even if that help is delayed),[1] a motif on the first line is introduced by the violin, repeated by the voice, and repeated several times.[9]

6

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The closing chorale, "Die Hoffnung wart' der rechten Zeit" (Hope awaits the right time),[1] is set for four parts.[4]

Recordings

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The selection is taken from the listing on the Bach Cantatas Website.[11] Choirs with one voice per part (OVPP) and instrumental groups playing period instruments in historically informed performances are markeded green.

Complete cycles

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Recordings of Complete cycles
Title Conductor / Choir / Orchestra Soloists Label Year Choir type Instr.
J. S. Bach: Das Kantatenwerk • Complete Cantatas • Les Cantates, Folge / Vol. 5 Nikolaus Harnoncourt
Tölzer Knabenchor
Concentus Musicus Wien
Teldec 1979 (1979) Period
Die Bach Kantate Vol. 34 Helmuth Rilling
Gächinger Kantorei
Bach-Collegium Stuttgart
Hänssler 1979 (1979)
J. S. Bach: Complete Cantatas Vol. 9 Ton Koopman
Amsterdam Baroque Orchestra & Choir
Antoine Marchand 1998 (1998) Period
Bach Cantatas Vol. 25: Altenburg/Warwick John Eliot Gardiner
Monteverdi Choir
English Baroque Soloists
Soli Deo Gloria 2000 (2000) Period
J. S. Bach: Cantatas Vol. 19 – (Cantatas from Leipzig 1724) Masaaki Suzuki
Bach Collegium Japan
BIS 2001 (2001) Period
J. S. Bach: Cantatas Bwv 108, 86, 11, 44[12] Sigiswald Kuijken
La Petite Bande
Accent 2010 (2010) OVPP Period

References

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  1. ^ a b c d e f g Dellal, Pamela. "BWV 86 – Wahrlich, wahrlich, ich sage euch". Emmanuel Music. Retrieved 24 August 2022.
  2. ^ a b c d Bach Digital 2024.
  3. ^ a b Wolff, Christoph (1998). ""Wahrlich, wahrlich, ich sage euch" BWV 8" (PDF). Bach Cantatas Website. p. 9. Retrieved 1 May 2016.
  4. ^ a b c d e Dürr, Alfred (2006). "Wahrlich, wahrlich, ich sage euch, BWV 86". The Cantatas of J. S. Bach: With Their Librettos in German-English Parallel Text. Translated by Richard D. P. Jones. Oxford University Press. pp. 320–322. ISBN 978-0-19-929776-4.
  5. ^ Bischof, Walter F. "BWV 166 Wo gehest du hin?". University of Alberta. Retrieved 13 June 2016.
  6. ^ Bischof, Walter F. "BWV 86 Wahrlich, wahrlich, ich sage euch". University of Alberta. Retrieved 26 April 2016.
  7. ^ Hofmann, Klaus (2001). "Wahrlich, wahrlich, ich sage euch (Verily, verily, I say unto you), BWV 86" (PDF). Bach-Cantatas. p. 8. Retrieved 1 May 2016.
  8. ^ Quinn, John (2008). "Bach: Cantatas Vol 25 / Gardiner, English Baroque Soloists". arkivmusic. Retrieved 24 May 2011.
  9. ^ a b c d e Mincham, Julian (2010). "Chapter 54 BWV 86 Wahrlich, wahrlich, ich sage euch / Truly, truly I say to you". jsbachcantatas. Retrieved 24 August 2022.
  10. ^ Gardiner, John Eliot (2008). Johann Sebastian Bach (1685-1750) / Cantatas Nos 44, 86, 87, 97, 150 & 183 (Media notes). Soli Deo Gloria (at Hyperion Records website). Retrieved 23 May 2019.
  11. ^ Oron, Aryeh. "Cantata BWV 86 Wahrlich, wahrlich, ich sage euch". Bach Cantatas Website. Retrieved 26 April 2016.
  12. ^ Ritter, Steven E. (2010). "Bach: Cantatas Bwv 108, 86, 11, 44 / Kuijken, Le Petite Band". arkivmusic. Retrieved 24 May 2011.

Cited sources

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