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PKS 0420-014

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PKS 0420-014
The blazar PKS 0420-014.
Observation data (J2000.0 epoch)
ConstellationEridanus
Right ascension04h 23m 15.800s
Declination−01° 20′ 33.066″
Redshift0.916090
Heliocentric radial velocity264,637 km/s
Distance7.437 Gly
Apparent magnitude (V)17.0
Apparent magnitude (B)17.5
Characteristics
TypeBlazar, BL Lac, HPQ
Other designations
FASTT 159, LEDA 75147, 4FGL J0423.3-0120, OA 129, IRAS 04207-0127, QSO B0420-014, INTREF 181, PKS 0420-01

PKS 0420-014 is a blazar[1] located in the constellation of Eridanus. This is a high polarized quasar[2][3] with a redshift of (z) 0.915,[4] first discovered as an astronomical radio source by astronomers in 1975.[5] The radio spectrum of this source appears to be flat, making it a flat-spectrum radio quasar (FRSQ).[6][7]

Description

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PKS 0420-014 is found to be violently variable on the electromagnetic spectrum from long-centimeter to short-millimeter wavelengths.[8] It is a source of gamma ray activity,[9][8][10] showing a flux of (E>100 MeV) of (0.8 ± -0.2) 10-6 photons cm s-2 at the time of its high state, when observed by the Large Area Telescope in January 2010.[11]

Additionally, optical flares not associated with gamma ray activity were observed in PKS 0420-014. In 1979 a flare displayed a magnitude increase of 1.3 in 5 days, which was followed by a decreasing magnitude of 1.7 in 23 days. Its flare recorded between February and March 1992, was the highest observed optical state observed during the period EGRET recorded the highest gamma ray flux density.[12] Subsequent flares were detected in July 2012[13] and in October 2020, when it reached magnitude15.25 on both days after a state of quiescence.[2]

The source of PKS 0420-014 at milliarcsecond (mas) resolutions shows a symmetrical and unresolved core. This is interpreted as the case of either the jet being aligned near the line of sight or a "naked" core. At lambda observations at 7 millimeters, the source is resolved into a core and a bent jet[14] while at kiloparsec scales, it shows a structure extending directly south out by 25" with a weak secondary component located northeast of the core.[15]

The jet of PKS 0420-014 is strongly dominated by a radio core in parsec-scales, indicating the presence of a multicomponent substructure in its core. There are two moving components in the jet's innermost part, with one of them located near the core exhibiting a slower motion and accelerating beyond 0.2 mas as soon its trajectory switches from -100° to -175°. A bright outer component located from the core, is also shown to move ballistically along -72° at a similar speed to the inner component.[16] There are also five other jet components displaying superluminal motion at βapp ~ 2-14c, with all of them following a common curved path within the jet.[8]

It is suggested that the source for the flux density variations in PKS 0420-014 is the presence of a binary supermassive black hole system with masses of about 7 x 107 Mʘ and 2.1 x 108 Mʘ which have a rotation period of 150 years.[17] The gravitational influence of this binary system likely causes the precession of its accretion disk as well as the ejection of plasma from the black hole. As the accretion disk is precessed, the magnetic field lines and relativistic beaming are both perturbed.[8]

References

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  1. ^ D'Ammando, F. (2021-09-01). "Swift follow-up observations of the blazar PKS 0420-014". The Astronomer's Telegram. 14889: 1. Bibcode:2021ATel14889....1D.
  2. ^ a b "Optical Flare of the Quasar 0420-014". The Astronomer's Telegram. Retrieved 2024-11-08.
  3. ^ Torniainen, I.; Tornikoski, M.; Teräsranta, H.; Aller, M. F.; Aller, H. D. (2005-05-13). "Long term variability of gigahertz-peaked spectrum sources and candidates" (PDF). Astronomy & Astrophysics. 435 (3): 839–856. Bibcode:2005A&A...435..839T. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20041886. ISSN 0004-6361.
  4. ^ Zhou, J. F.; Hong, X. Y.; Jiang, D. R.; Venturi, T. (2000-09-20). "Two Classes of Radio Flares in the Blazar PKS 0420−014". The Astrophysical Journal. 541 (1): L13–L16. arXiv:astro-ph/0009452. Bibcode:2000ApJ...541L..13Z. doi:10.1086/312889. ISSN 0004-637X.
  5. ^ McGimsey, B. Q.; Smith, A. G.; Scott, R. L.; Leacock, R. J.; Edwards, P. L.; Hackney, R. L.; Hackney, K. R. (November 1975). "Optical behavior of 20 violently variable extragalactic radio sources". The Astronomical Journal. 80: 895. doi:10.1086/111825. ISSN 0004-6256.
  6. ^ Elsaesser, D.; Jorstad, S. G.; Scherbantin, C. Pauley A.; Kunkel, L.; Schneider, L.; Kadler, M.; Eppel, F.; Roesch, F.; Heidemann, K. Mannheim M.; Domann, O.; Kimmel, L.; Goldbach, R.; Wehr, F.; Scheuermayer, D.; Seufert, J. (2023-03-01). "Brightening of the quasar PKS 0420-014 across the electromagnetic spectrum". The Astronomer's Telegram. 15935: 1. Bibcode:2023ATel15935....1E.
  7. ^ Rani, Bindu; Gupta, Alok C.; Joshi, U. C.; Ganesh, S.; Wiita, Paul J. (2011-03-10). "Optical intraday variability studies of 10 low energy peaked blazars". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 413 (3): 2157–2172. arXiv:1101.0711. Bibcode:2011MNRAS.413.2157R. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2011.18288.x. ISSN 0035-8711.
  8. ^ a b c d Britzen, S.; Witzel, A.; Krichbaum, T.P.; Campbell, R.M; Wagner, S.J.; Qian, S.J. (2000). "Three-year VLBI monitoring of PKS 0420-014". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 360: 65–75. Bibcode:2000A&A...360...65B.
  9. ^ Radecke, H. -D.; Bertsch, D. L.; Dingus, B. L.; Fichtel, C. E.; Hartman, R. C.; Hunter, S. D.; Kanbach, G.; Kniffen, D. A.; Lin, Y. C.; Mattox, J. R.; Mayer-Hasselwander, H. A.; Michelson, P. F.; von Montigny, C.; Nolan, P. L.; Schneid, E. (1995-01-01). "EGRET Detection of the Blazar PKS 0420-014". The Astrophysical Journal. 438: 659. Bibcode:1995ApJ...438..659R. doi:10.1086/175109. ISSN 0004-637X.
  10. ^ Wagner, S. J.; Camenzind, M.; Dreissigacker, O.; Borgeest, U.; Britzen, S.; Brinkmann, W.; Hopp, U.; Schramm, K. -J.; von Linde, J. (1995-06-01). "Simultaneous optical and gamma-ray flaring in PKS 0420-014. Implications for emission processes and rotating jet models". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 298: 688. Bibcode:1995A&A...298..688W. ISSN 0004-6361.
  11. ^ "Fermi LAT detection of increased gamma-ray activity of two blazars PKS 0420-01 and BL Lacertae". The Astronomer's Telegram. Retrieved 2024-11-08.
  12. ^ Xie, G. Z.; Li, K. H.; Bai, J. M.; Dai, B. Z.; Liu, W. W.; Zhang, X.; Xing, S. Y. (2001-02-10). "Search for Short Variability Timescale of the GeV Gamma-Ray–Loud Blazars". The Astrophysical Journal. 548 (1): 200–212. Bibcode:2001ApJ...548..200X. doi:10.1086/318670. ISSN 0004-637X.
  13. ^ "Optical flaring in PKS 0420-014". The Astronomer's Telegram. Retrieved 2024-11-08.
  14. ^ Rantakyrö, F. T.; Backer, D. C.; Booth, R. S.; Carlstrom, J. E.; Emerson, D. T.; Grewing, M.; Hirabayashi, H.; Hodges, M. W.; Inoue, M.; Kobayashi, H.; Krichbaum, T. P.; Kus, A. J.; Moran, J. M.; Morimoto, M.; Padin, S. (1998-09-01). "50 μas resolution VLBI images of AGN's at λ3 mm" (PDF). Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement Series. 131 (3): 451–467. Bibcode:1998A&AS..131..451R. doi:10.1051/aas:1998282. ISSN 0365-0138.
  15. ^ Jorstad, Svetlana G.; Marscher, Alan P.; Mattox, John R.; Wehrle, Ann E.; Bloom, Steven D.; Yurchenko, Alexei V. (June 2001). "Multiepoch Very Long Baseline Array Observations of EGRET-detected Quasars and BL Lacertae Objects: Superluminal Motion of Gamma-Ray Bright Blazars". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 134 (2): 181–240. arXiv:astro-ph/0101570. Bibcode:2001ApJS..134..181J. doi:10.1086/320858. ISSN 0067-0049.
  16. ^ Jorstad, Svetlana G.; Marscher, Alan P.; Lister, Matthew L.; Stirling, Alastair M.; Cawthorne, Timothy V.; Gear, Walter K.; Gómez, José L.; Stevens, Jason A.; Smith, Paul S.; Forster, James R.; Robson, E. Ian (October 2005). "Polarimetric Observations of 15 Active Galactic Nuclei at High Frequencies: Jet Kinematics from Bimonthly Monitoring with the Very Long Baseline Array". The Astronomical Journal. 130 (4): 1418–1465. arXiv:astro-ph/0502501. Bibcode:2005AJ....130.1418J. doi:10.1086/444593. ISSN 0004-6256.
  17. ^ Britzen, S.; Roland, J.; Laskar, J.; Kokkotas, K.; Campbell, R. M.; Witzel, A. (August 2001). "On the origin of compact radio sources - The binary black hole model applied to the gamma-bright quasar PKS 0420–014" (PDF). Astronomy & Astrophysics. 374 (3): 784–799. Bibcode:2001A&A...374..784B. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20010685. ISSN 0004-6361.
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