List of retired Philippine typhoon names
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Since 1963, the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA) has assigned local names to a tropical cyclone should it move into or form as a tropical depression in their area of responsibility located between 135°E and 115°E and between 5°N-25°N, even if the cyclone has had an international name assigned to it. All three agencies that have assigned names to tropical cyclones within the Western Pacific have retired the names of significant tropical cyclones, with the PAGASA retiring names if a cyclone has caused at least ₱1 billion (~20 million USD) in damage and/or have caused at least 300 deaths within the Philippines.
Since 1963, the naming lists have been revised in 1979, 1985, 2001 (after a contest called the "Name a Bagyo Contest", conducted by the PAGASA in 1998, where 140 entries were submitted in 1998 to revise the naming system for typhoons within their area of responsibility starting that season), 2005 (for various reasons, including to help minimize confusion in the historical records and to remove the names that might have negative associations with real persons), and 2021 (where the "Reserved List" was introduced).[1][2][3] Within this list, all information with regards to intensity is taken from while the system was in the Philippine Area of Responsibility, and is thus taken from the PAGASA's archives, rather than the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) or Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA)'s archives.
Background
[edit]
The practice of using names to identify tropical cyclones goes back several centuries, with tropical cyclones being named after affected places, saints or things they hit before the formal start of naming in the Western Pacific.[4][5] These included the Kamikaze, 1906 Hong Kong typhoon, 1922 Swatow typhoon and the 1934 Muroto typhoon.[6]
The practice of retiring significant names was started during 1955 by the United States Weather Bureau in the Atlantic Ocean, after hurricanes Carol, Edna, and Hazel struck the Northeastern United States and caused a significant amount of damage in the previous year.[4] Initially the names were only designed to be retired for ten years after which they might be reintroduced, however, in the 1969 Interdepartmental Hurricane Conference, it was decided that any significant hurricane in the future would have its name permanently retired.[4][7] [8][9]
PAGASA retires a name it has assigned after the season if the system has either killed at least 300 people or caused at least PHP1 billion in damage to infrastructure and agriculture, based on reports from the National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council.[10]
Several names have also been removed for reasons other than causing a significant amount of death/destruction, such as Gloria in 2005, (due to then-president Gloria Macapagal Arroyo's disputed win in the 2004 Philippine presidential election and her subsequent involvement in the Hello Garci scandal) and Nonoy in 2015 (due to similarities to the term "Noynoy", then-president Benigno Aquino III's nickname).[11][12]
As of 2024[update], 77 tropical cyclone names have been retired, with the most recent being Egay and Goring of the 2023 season.
Names retired in the 1960s
[edit]| Name | Replacement | Dates active | Category | Sustained wind speeds |
Pressure | Provinces affected | Damage (PHP) |
Deaths | Missing | Refs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dading (Winnie) | Didang | June 26 - July 3, 1964 | Typhoon | Not specified | Not specified | Luzon | Unknown | 100 | [13] | |
| Welming (Emma) | Warling | October 31 - November 8, 1967 | Typhoon | Not specified | Not specified | Visayas, Luzon | Unknown | 300 | 64 | [13] |
Names retired in the 1970s
[edit]| Name | Replacement | Dates active | Category | Sustained wind speeds |
Pressure | Provinces affected | Damage (PHP) |
Deaths | Missing | Refs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pitang (Georgia) | Pasing | September 8 - 12, 1970 | Typhoon | Not specified | Not specified | Luzon | ₱9 million | 175 | [13] | |
| Sening (Joan) | Susang | October 12 - 15, 1970 | Typhoon | Not specified | Not specified | Luzon, Visayas | ₱79 million | 575 | 193 | [13] |
| Titang (Kate) | Tering | October 16 – 22, 1970 | Typhoon | Not specified | Not specified | Mindanao, Visayas | ₱81 million | 631 | 284 | [13] |
| Yoling (Patsy) | Yaning | November 17 – 20, 1970 | Typhoon | Not specified | Not specified | Luzon | ₱460 million | 80 | 17 | [13] |
| Wening (Elaine) | Weling | October 23 – November 1, 1974 | Typhoon | Not specified | Not specified | Luzon | ₱1.48 billion | 23 | [13] | |
| Didang (Olga) | Ditang | May 12 – 26, 1976 | Typhoon | Not specified | Not specified | Luzon | ₱625 million | 347 | [13] | |
| Unding (Kim) | Unsing | November 6 – 17, 1977 | Typhoon | Not specified | Not specified | Luzon | unspecified | 104 | 0 | [13] |
| Atang (Olive) | Akang | April 15 – 26, 1978 | Typhoon | Not specified | Not specified | Visayas, Luzon | ₱245 million | 111 | Unknown | [13] |
| Kading (Rita) | Katring | October 15 – 29, 1978 | Typhoon | Not specified | Not specified | Luzon | ₱7.38 billion | 444 | 354 | |
| 6 names | References: [21] | ₱10.4 billion | 2,490 | 848 | ||||||
Names retired in the 1980s
[edit]| Name | Replacement | Dates active | Category | Sustained wind speeds |
Pressure | Provinces affected | Damage (PHP) |
Deaths | Missing | Refs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nitang (Ike) | Ningning | August 26 – September 6, 1984 | Typhoon | Not specified | Not specified | Visayas, Luzon | ₱4.05 billion | 1,029 | [13] | |
| Undang (Agnes) | Unsang | November 3 – 6, 1984 | Typhoon | Not specified | Not specified | Visayas, Luzon | ₱1.54 billion | 1,116 | [13] | |
| Herming (Betty) | Helming | August 8 – 14, 1987 | Typhoon | Not specified | Not specified | Luzon, Visayas | ₱2 billion | 94 | [13] | |
| Sisang (Nina) | Sendang | November 16 – 30, 1987 | Typhoon | Not specified | Not specified | Luzon | ₱1.49 billion | 808 | [13] | |
| Unsang (Ruby) | Ulpiang | October 21 – 26, 1988 | Typhoon | Not specified | Not specified | Luzon | ₱5.64 billion | 288 | [nb 1] | |
| Yoning (Skip) | Yerling | November 3 – 12, 1988 | Typhoon | Not specified | Not specified | Visayas, Luzon | ₱3.06 billion | 237 | 95 | [13] |
| 6 names | References: [28] | ₱17.8 billion | 3,572 | 95 | ||||||
Names retired in the 1990s
[edit]| Name | Replacement | Dates active | Category | Sustained wind speeds |
Pressure | Provinces affected | Damage (PHP) |
Deaths | Missing | Refs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ruping (Mike) | Ritang | November 5 – 18, 1990 | Typhoon | Not specified | Not specified | Visayas | ₱10.3 billion | 748 | [13] | |
| Uring (Thelma) | Ulding | November 1 – 8, 1991 | Typhoon | Not specified | Not specified | Visayas | ₱839 million | 5,101 | 3,000 | [13] |
| Monang (Lola) | Miling | December 1 – 9, 1993 | Typhoon | Not specified | Not specified | Visayas | ₱1.05 billion | 230 | 0 | [13] |
| Rosing (Angela) | Rening | October 25 – November 7, 1995 | Super Typhoon | 400 km/h (245 mph) | 910 hPa (26.87 inHg) | Luzon | ₱9.33 billion | 882 | [13] | |
| Iliang (Zeb) | Not Replaced | October 11 – 14, 1998 | Super Typhoon | 240 km/h (150 mph) | 900 hPa (26.58 inHg) | Southern Luzon | ₱5.38 billion | 46 | 29 | [13] |
| Loleng (Babs) | Not Replaced | October 15 – 24, 1998 | Super Typhoon | 190 km/h (115 mph) | 940 hPa (27.76 inHg) | Visayas, Luzon | ₱6.79 billion | 303 | 29 | [13] |
| 6 names | References: [34] | ₱33.7 billion | 7,310 | 3,058 | ||||||
Names retired in the 2000s
[edit]| Name | Replacement | Dates active | Category | Sustained wind speeds |
Pressure | Provinces affected | Damage (PHP) |
Deaths | Missing | Refs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nanang (Lingling) | Nando | November 6 – 10, 2001 | Typhoon | 120 km/h (75 mph) | Not Specified | Luzon | ₱4.67 billion | 236 | 88 | [35] |
| Harurot (Imbudo) | Hanna | July 19 – 23, 2003 | Super Typhoon | 185 km/h (115 mph) | 941 hPa (27.79 inHg) | Luzon | ₱4.73 billion | 64 | 2 | [35] |
| Unding (Muifa) | Ulysses | November 14 – 21, 2004 | Typhoon | 120 km/h (75 mph) | 976 hPa (28.82 inHg) | Luzon | ₱853 million | 68 | 69 | [35] |
| Violeta (Merbok) | Vicky | November 22 – 23, 2004 | Tropical Depression | 55 km/h (35 mph) | 1000 hPa (29.53 inHg) | Luzon | ₱2.1 billion | 29 | 17 | [35] |
| Winnie | Warren (unused) | November 27 – 30, 2004 | Tropical Depression | 55 km/h (35 mph) | 1000 hPa (29.53 inHg) | Luzon | ₱679 million | 1,619 | 713 | [35] |
| Milenyo (Xangsane) | Mario | September 25 – 29, 2006 | Typhoon | 155 km/h (100 mph) | 972 hPa (28.70 inHg) | Luzon, Visayas | ₱6.61 billion | 110 | 79 | [35] |
| Reming (Durian) | Ruby | November 28 – December 2, 2006 | Super Typhoon | 195 km/h (120 mph) | 938 hPa (27.70 inHg) | Luzon, Visayas | ₱6.05 billion | 1,400 | 762 | [35] |
| Cosme (Halong) | Carina | May 15 – 19, 2008 | Severe Tropical Storm | 110 km/h (70 mph) | 970 hPa (28.64 inHg) | Luzon | ₱4.71 billion | 51 | 3 | [35] |
| Frank (Fengshen) | Ferdie | June 18 – 23, 2008 | Typhoon | 165 km/h (105 mph) | 958 hPa (28.29 inHg) | Luzon, Visayas | ₱13.5 billion | 1,501 | 87 | [nb 2] |
| Feria (Nangka) | Fabian | June 23 – 27, 2009 | Tropical Storm | 75 km/h (45 mph) | 994 hPa (29.35 inHg) | Luzon | ₱1 billion | 11 | 0 | [51] |
| Ondoy (Ketsana) | Odette | September 24 – 27, 2009 | Severe Tropical Storm | 110 km/h (70 mph) | 980 hPa (28.94 inHg) | Luzon | ₱11 billion | 464 | 37 | [35] |
| Pepeng (Parma) | Paolo | September 30 – October 10, 2009 | Super Typhoon | 195 km/h (120 mph) | 938 hPa (27.70 inHg) | Visayas, Luzon | ₱27.3 billion | 465 | 47 | [35] |
| 12 names | References: [55] | ₱83.2 billion | 6,018 | 1,904 | ||||||
Names retired in the 2010s
[edit]| Name | Replacement | Dates active | Category | Sustained wind speeds |
Pressure | Provinces affected | Damage (PHP) |
Deaths | Missing | Refs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Juan (Megi) | Jose | October 15 – 20, 2010 | Super Typhoon | 220 km/h (140 mph) | 885 hPa (26.13 inHg) | Luzon | ₱12 billion | 31 | 4 | [35] |
| Katring (Chaba) | Karding | October 23 – 26, 2010 | Typhoon | 150 km/h (90 mph) | 963 hPa (28.44 inHg) | None | None | None | None | [35] |
| Bebeng (Aere) | Betty | May 6 – 10, 2011 | Tropical Storm | 85 km/h (50 mph) | 992 hPa (29.29 inHg) | Luzon, Visayas | ₱2.25 billion | 35 | 2 | [35] |
| Juaning (Nock-ten) | Jenny | July 24 – 28, 2011 | Severe Tropical Storm | 95 km/h (60 mph) | 985 hPa (29.09 inHg) | Visayas, Luzon | ₱4.44 billion | 77 | 9 | [35] |
| Mina (Nanmadol) | Marilyn | August 21 – 29, 2011 | Super Typhoon | 195 km/h (120 mph) | 925 hPa (27.32 inHg) | Luzon | ₱2.09 billion | 36 | 8 | [35] |
| Pedring (Nesat) | Perla | September 24 – 28, 2011 | Typhoon | 140 km/h (85 mph) | 967 hPa (28.56 inHg) | Luzon | ₱14.6 billion | 85 | 0 | [35] |
| Sendong (Washi) | Sarah | December 14 – 18, 2011 | Severe Tropical Storm | 95 km/h (60 mph) | 992 hPa (29.29 inHg) | Visayas, Mindanao | ₱2.07 billion | 1,268 | 181 | [35] |
| Pablo (Bopha) | Pepito | December 2 – 9, 2012 | Super Typhoon | 185 km/h (115 mph) | 930 hPa (27.46 inHg) | Mindanao, Visayas, |
₱36.9 billion | 1,901 | 844 | [35] |
| Labuyo (Utor) | Lannie | August 9 – 13, 2013 | Super Typhoon | 195 km/h (120 mph) | 925 hPa (27.32 inHg) | Luzon | ₱1.42 billion | 11 | 3 | [35] |
| Santi (Nari) | Salome | October 8 – 13, 2013 | Typhoon | 140 km/h (85 mph) | 965 hPa (28.50 inHg) | Luzon | ₱3.33 billion | 15 | 5 | [35] |
| Yolanda (Haiyan) | Yasmin (unused) | November 6 – 9, 2013 | Super Typhoon | 230 km/h (145 mph) | 914 hPa (26.99 inHg) | Visayas, Mindanao, Palawan | ₱95.5 billion | 6,300 | 1,062 | [35] |
| Glenda (Rammasun) | Gardo | July 13 – 17, 2014 | Typhoon | 165 km/h (105 mph) | 935 hPa (27.61 inHg) | Luzon | ₱38.6 billion | 106 | 6 | [35] |
| Jose (Halong) | Josie | August 2 – 7, 2014 | Super Typhoon | 195 km/h (120 mph) | 920 hPa (27.17 inHg) | Luzon | ₱1.59 billion | 2 | 0 | [35] |
| Mario (Fung-wong) | Maymay | September 17 – 21, 2014 | Tropical Storm | 85 km/h (50 mph) | 985 hPa (29.09 inHg) | Luzon | ₱3.4 billion | 18 | 4 | [35] |
| Ruby (Hagupit) | Rosita | December 3 – 10, 2014 | Super Typhoon | 215 km/h (130 mph) | 905 hPa (26.72 inHg) | Visayas, Luzon | ₱5.1 billion | 18 | 0 | [35] |
| Seniang (Jangmi) | Samuel | December 28 – 31, 2014 | Tropical Storm | 75 km/h (45 mph) | 996 hPa (29.41 inHg) | Visayas, Mindanao | ₱1.27 billion | 66 | 6 | [35] |
| Lando (Koppu) | Liwayway | October 14 – 22, 2015 | Super Typhoon | 185 km/h (115 mph) | 920 hPa (27.17 inHg) | Luzon | ₱14.6 billion | 48 | 83 | [35] |
| Nona (Melor) | Nimfa | December 9 – 17, 2015 | Typhoon | 175 km/h (110 mph) | 935 hPa (27.61 inHg) | Luzon, Visayas | ₱7.02 billion | 42 | 4 | [35] |
| Karen (Sarika) | Kristine | October 11 – 16, 2016 | Typhoon | 175 km/h (110 mph) | 935 hPa (27.61 inHg) | Luzon | ₱3.66 billion | 0 | 0 | [35] |
| Lawin (Haima) | Leon | October 16 – 21, 2016 | Super Typhoon | 215 km/h (130 mph) | 900 hPa (26.58 inHg) | Luzon | ₱5.95 billion | 14 | 0 | [35] |
| Nina (Nock-ten) | Nika | December 22 – 28, 2016 | Super Typhoon | 195 km/h (120 mph) | 915 hPa (27.02 inHg) | Luzon | ₱5.92 billion | 13 | 21 | [35] |
| Urduja (Kai-tak) | Uwan (unused) | December 11 – 19, 2017 | Tropical Storm | 85 km/h (50 mph) | 993 hPa (29.32 inHg) | Visayas | ₱3.94 billion | 47 | 44 | [79] |
| Vinta (Tembin) | Verbena (unused) | December 20 – 24, 2017 | Typhoon | 120 km/h (75 mph) | 973 hPa (28.73 inHg) | Visayas, Mindanao | ₱2.1 billion | 173 | 169 | [79] |
| Ompong (Mangkhut) | Obet | September 12 – 15, 2018 | Super Typhoon | 205 km/h (125 mph) | 905 hPa (26.72 inHg) | Luzon | ₱33.9 billion | 82 | 2 | [80] |
| Rosita (Yutu) | Rosal | October 27 – 31, 2018 | Super Typhoon | 215 km/h (130 mph) | 900 hPa (26.58 inHg) | Luzon | ₱2.9 billion | 20 | 0 | [80] |
| Usman | Umberto (unused) | December 25 – 29, 2018 | Tropical Depression | 55 km/h (35 mph) | 998 hPa (29.47 inHg) | Visayas, Luzon | ₱5.41 billion | 158 | 26 | [80] |
| Tisoy (Kammuri) | Tamaraw (unused) | November 24 – December 6, 2019 | Typhoon | 175 km/h (110 mph) | 945 hPa (27.91 inHg) | Luzon, Visayas | ₱6.65 billion | 17 | 0 | [81] |
| Ursula (Phanfone) | Ugong (unused) | December 23 – 29, 2019 | Typhoon | 150 km/h (90 mph) | 970 hPa (28.64 inHg) | Luzon, Visayas | ₱4.38 billion | 57 | 6 | [81] |
| 28 names | References: [82] | ₱321 billion | 10,540 | 1,410 | ||||||
Names retired in the 2020s
[edit]| Name | Replacement | Dates active | Category | Sustained wind speeds |
Pressure | Provinces affected | Damage (PHP) |
Deaths | Missing | Refs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ambo (Vongfong) | Aghon | May 9 – 18, 2020 | Typhoon | 155 km/h (100 mph) | 960 hPa (28.35 inHg) | Luzon, Visayas | ₱1.57 billion | 5 | 0 | [10] |
| Quinta (Molave) | Querubin (unused) | October 23 – 29, 2020 | Typhoon | 165 km/h (105 mph) | 945 hPa (27.91 inHg) | Luzon | ₱4.22 billion | 27 | 4 | [10] |
| Rolly (Goni) | Romina (unused) | October 31 – November 2, 2020 | Super Typhoon | 220 km/h (140 mph) | 905 hPa (26.72 inHg) | Luzon | ₱17.9 billion | 31 | 0 | [10] |
| Ulysses (Vamco) | Upang (unused) | November 9 – 12, 2020 | Typhoon | 155 km/h (100 mph) | 955 hPa (28.20 inHg) | Luzon | ₱20.2 billion | 102 | 10 | [10] |
| Jolina (Conson) | Jacinto (unused) | September 5 – 13, 2021 | Severe Tropical Storm | 95 km/h (60 mph) | 992 hPa (29.29 inHg) | Luzon, Visayas | ₱5.17 billion | 23 | 2 | [83] |
| Maring (Kompasu) | Mirasol (unused) | October 7 – 14, 2021 | Severe Tropical Storm | 100 km/h (65 mph) | 975 hPa (28.79 inHg) | Luzon | ₱7.39 billion | 43 | 16 | [83] |
| Odette (Rai) | Opong (unused) | December 11 – 21, 2021 | Super Typhoon | 195 km/h (120 mph) | 915 hPa (27.02 inHg) | Visayas, Mindanao, Palawan | ₱47.1 billion | 405 | 52 | [83] |
| Agaton (Megi) | Ada (unused) | April 8 – 12, 2022 | Tropical Storm | 75 km/h (45 mph) | 993 hPa (29.32 inHg) | Visayas, Mindanao | ₱2.26 billion | 214 | 132 | [84] |
| Florita (Ma-on) | Francisco (unused) | August 20 – 26, 2022 | Severe Tropical Storm | 100 km/h (65 mph) | 980 hPa (28.94 inHg) | Luzon | ₱2.43 billion | 4 | 0 | [85] |
| Karding (Noru) | Kiyapo (unused) | September 21 – October 1, 2022 | Super Typhoon | 195 km/h (120 mph) | 940 hPa (27.76 inHg) | Luzon | ₱3.38 billion | 12 | 5 | [86] |
| Paeng (Nalgae) | Pilandok (unused) | October 26 – November 3, 2022 | Severe Tropical Storm | 110 km/h (70 mph) | 975 hPa (28.79 inHg) | Luzon, Visayas, Mindanao | ₱13.8 billion | 160 | 29 | [87] |
| Egay (Doksuri) | Emil (unused) | July 20 – 30, 2023 | Super Typhoon | 185 km/h (115 mph) | 925 hPa (27.32 inHg) | Luzon | ₱15.3 billion | 56 | 11 | [88] |
| Goring (Saola) | Gavino (unused) | August 22 – September 3, 2023 | Super Typhoon | 185 km/h (115 mph) | 920 hPa (27.17 inHg) | Luzon | ₱2.49 billion | 3 | 0 | [89] |
| 13 names | References: [90] | ₱137 billion | 1,082 | 263 | ||||||
See also
[edit]- Typhoons in the Philippines
- List of retired Atlantic hurricane names
- List of retired Pacific hurricane names
- List of retired Pacific typhoon names
- List of retired Australian cyclone names
- List of retired South Pacific tropical cyclone names
Notes
[edit]- ^ The death and missing columns exclude deaths caused by Typhoon Ruby (Unsang), in the MV Doña Marilyn disaster.
- ^ The death and missing columns includes deaths caused by Typhoon Fengshen (Frank), in the MV Princess of the Stars disaster.
References
[edit]- ^ "Naming of Tropical Cyclones". Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration. December 3, 1998. Archived from the original on December 3, 1998. Retrieved June 21, 2012.
- ^ Rivera, Blanche. "'Glenda' originally 'Gloria'". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on August 25, 2013. Retrieved December 2, 2012.
- ^ "Philippine Tropical Cyclone Names". Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration. Archived from the original on January 30, 2021. Retrieved January 23, 2021.
- ^ a b c Dorst, Neal; Hurricane Research Division (October 23, 2012). "They Called the Wind Mahina: The History of Naming Cyclones". United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. p. Slides 8–72.[permanent dead link]
- ^ Smith, Ray (1990). "What's in a Name?" (PDF). Weather and Climate. 10 (1). The Meteorological Society of New Zealand: 24–26. doi:10.2307/44279572. JSTOR 44279572. S2CID 201717866. Archived from the original (PDF) on November 29, 2014. Retrieved August 25, 2014.
- ^ Landsea, Christopher W; Dorst, Neal M (June 1, 2014). "Subject: Tropical Cyclone Names: B1) How are tropical cyclones named?". Tropical Cyclone Frequently Asked Question. United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Hurricane Research Division. Archived from the original on October 12, 2014. Retrieved August 25, 2014.
- ^ "It's time (June) to match for Anna...". The Daily Gleaner. Kingston, Jamaica. Reuters. June 1, 1969. p. 2. – via The Newspaper Archive (subscription required)
- ^ RA IV Hurricane Committee (May 31, 2024). Hurricane Operational Plan for North America, Central America and the Caribbean 2024 (PDF) (Report). World Meteorological Organization. Retrieved December 3, 2024.
- ^ Landsea, Christopher W; Dorst, Neal (June 20, 2014). "Subject: B3) What storm names have been retired?". Tropical Cyclone Frequently Asked Questions. United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Archived from the original on November 6, 2008. Retrieved June 21, 2014.
- ^ a b c d e Annual Report on Philippine Tropical Cyclones 2020 (PDF) (Report). March 17, 2023. ISSN 2799-0575. Archived (PDF) from the original on September 2, 2023. Retrieved September 2, 2023.
- ^ Blanche Rivera (July 26, 2006). "'Glenda' originally 'Gloria'". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on February 21, 2013. Retrieved June 25, 2012.
- ^ "Tropical storm enters PAR, named 'Nona' instead of 'Nonoy'". SunStar Manila. December 13, 2015. Archived from the original on September 26, 2018. Retrieved November 30, 2019.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v "Decommissioned Domestic Name 1963-2000". Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration. January 23, 2021. Archived from the original on January 30, 2021. Retrieved March 22, 2022.
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- ^ "Most Destructive Tropical Cyclones for the Month of September (1948-2000)". Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration. Archived from the original on July 23, 2003. Retrieved November 30, 2013.
- ^ a b "Destructive Typhoons 1970–2003". Philippine National Disaster Coordinating Council. Archived from the original on November 12, 2004. Retrieved November 27, 2019.
- ^ a b c "Most Destructive Tropical Cyclones for the Month of November (1948-2000)". Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration. Archived from the original on July 23, 2003. Retrieved November 30, 2013.
- ^ a b "::..Typhoon2000.com – 20 Worst Typhoons of Luzon, Philippines (1947–2002)..::". www.typhoon2000.ph. Archived from the original on January 17, 2013. Retrieved November 13, 2013.
- ^ "Most Destructive Tropical Cyclones for the Month of May (1948-2000)". Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration. Archived from the original on July 23, 2003. Retrieved November 30, 2013.
- ^ "Most Destructive Tropical Cyclones for the Month of April (1948-2000)". Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration. Archived from the original on July 23, 2003. Retrieved November 30, 2013.
- ^ "List of Philippine Tropical Cyclone Names". PAGASA. Retrieved February 17, 2024.
- ^ a b c Del Rosario, Eduardo D (November 13, 2015). Final Report on Typhoon "Yolanda" (Haiyan) (PDF) (Report). Philippine National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council. pp. 77–148. Archived (PDF) from the original on November 5, 2020. Retrieved March 27, 2022.
- ^ a b c d "Deadliest typhoons in the Philippines". ABS-CBNNews. November 8, 2013. Archived from the original on November 13, 2013. Retrieved November 8, 2013.
- ^ "Most Destructive Tropical Cyclones for the Month of August (1948-2000)". Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration. Archived from the original on July 23, 2003. Retrieved November 30, 2013.
- ^ a b c "Typhoon2000.com..::THE 12 WORST TYPHOONS OF THE PHILIPPINES (A SUMMARY)..::". www.typhoon2000.ph. Archived from the original on September 19, 2019. Retrieved November 18, 2013.
- ^ a b "Most Destructive Tropical Cyclones for the Month of October (1948-2000)". Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration. Archived from the original on July 23, 2003. Retrieved November 30, 2013.
- ^ Annual Tropical Cyclone Report: 1988 Typhoon Skip (PDF) (Report). United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center. Archived (PDF) from the original on June 30, 2019. Retrieved November 28, 2019.
- ^ "List of Philippine Tropical Cyclone Names". PAGASA. Retrieved February 17, 2024.
- ^ "Ruping prepared us for typhoon Yolanda". PhilStar. November 9, 2013. Archived from the original on November 10, 2013. Retrieved November 9, 2013.
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