List of appointed United States senators

This article lists all appointed United States senators since the 1913 ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment to the United States Constitution which established the direct election of senators, as well as means of filling vacant Senate seats.^[1]

Text of the Seventeenth Amendment to the United States Constitution

The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two Senators from each State, elected by the people thereof, for six years; and each Senator shall have one vote. The electors in each State shall have the qualifications requisite for electors of the most numerous branch of the State legislatures.

When vacancies happen in the representation of any State in the Senate, the executive authority of such State shall issue writs of election to fill such vacancies: Provided, That the legislature of any State may empower the executive thereof to make temporary appointments until the people fill the vacancies by election as the legislature may direct.
This amendment shall not be so construed as to affect the election or term of any Senator chosen before it becomes valid as part of the Constitution.^[1]

Gubernatorial appointment governing Senate vacancies

Filling vacancies by special election

The following states require Senate vacancies to be filled only by elections and do not allow state governors to fill them through appointments.^[2]

Filling vacancies by gubernatorial appointment followed by a proximate special election

The following 8 states allow state governors to fill Senate vacancies through appointments. However, a special election must be held within a few months of the vacancy.^[2]

Filling vacancies by gubernatorial appointment through the next election

The following 38 states allow state governors to fill Senate vacancies through appointments. An appointed senator may serve out the balance of the term or until after the next statewide general election.^[2]

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Requires the governor to appoint a replacement senator from the same party as the previous incumbent.
^ ^a ^b ^c Requires the governor to select a candidate from a list of three prospective appointees submitted by the political party of the previous incumbent.

Appointments of senators-elect to the Senate

In the past, retiring or defeated senators often resigned after the general election but before the expiration of their term due to various reasons.

One of the common reason was to allow state governors to appoint their successors to the vacated seat. This enabled their successors to gain extra seniority over other freshmen senators for the purposes of obtaining choice committee assignments. This practice ended in 1980 after both parties established new party rules that no longer gave seniority to senators who entered Congress early by being appointed to fill the vacancy just before the end of a Congress. Seniority still counted in obtaining choice of office and parking space assignments.^[3]^[4]

In the election years of 1966, 1974 and 1978, changes to pension laws made it advantageous for senators to resign before December 31, rather than wait until their term expired in early January, contributing to the increase in the number of appointed senators.^[5]

In addition, 3 senators died after the election of their successors, allowing their successors to be appointed and take office early.^[6]

Joseph M. McCormick (Illinois)
James J. Couzens (Michigan)
Philip Hart (Michigan)

Number of appointed senators since the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment

There have been a total of 252 senators appointed to the United States Senate since the 1913 ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment, including 205 appointments made before the next scheduled or special election and 47 appointments made of senators-elect who have already been elected to the seat.

Number of appointed senators by state
State	Appointment made		Total
State	Before election	After election	Total
Alabama	6	1	7
Alaska	2	0	2
Arizona	2	0	2
Arkansas	3	0	3
California	7	5	12
Colorado	4	0	4
Connecticut	3	0	3
Delaware	3	1	4
Florida	5	2	7
Georgia	6	0	6
Hawaii	2	0	2
Idaho	6	1	7
Illinois	3	1	4
Indiana	4	0	4
Iowa	2	0	2
Kansas	4	1	5
Kentucky	8	2	10
Louisiana	4	1	5
Maine	1	0	1
Maryland	0	0	0
Massachusetts	5	1	6
Michigan	4	2	6
Minnesota	7	1	8
Mississippi	3	1	4
Missouri	5	3	8
Montana	3	1	4
Nebraska	6	2	8
Nevada	5	1	6
New Hampshire	5	2	7
New Jersey	9	2	11
New Mexico	5	0	5
New York	3	0	3
North Carolina	7	0	7
North Dakota	4	1	5
Ohio	6	3	9
Oklahoma	1	0	1
Oregon	4	1	5
Pennsylvania	5	0	5
Rhode Island	2	1	3
South Carolina	8	1	9
South Dakota	3	1	4
Tennessee	5	0	5
Texas	4	1	5
Utah	0	1	1
Vermont	5	0	5
Virginia	4	2	6
Washington	3	3	6
West Virginia	4	0	4
Wisconsin	0	0	0
Wyoming	5	1	6
Total	205	47	252

List of individuals appointed to the Senate

The following is a list of individuals appointed to the Senate preceding an election. Only appointments made after the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment, which established the direct election of senators, are included. The Senate Historical Office does not maintain records of senators who were appointed before the passage of the Seventeenth Amendment.^[7]

For a list of senators-elect appointed to the Senate after being elected, see List of senators-elect appointed to the Senate.

Key

	Democratic Party		Republican Party		North Dakota Nonpartisan League		Minnesota Farmer–Labor Party		Minnesota Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party		North Dakota Democratic–Nonpartisan League Party		Independence Party of Minnesota

	Currently serving

State (Class)	Appointee^[7]	Tenure of appointee serving within the unexpired term^{[note 1]}			Electoral history of appointee		Appointed by	Original senator	Ref.
State (Class)	Appointee^[7]	Term start^{[note 2]}	Term end	Tenure	Immediate election following appointment	Elections won	Appointed by	Original senator	Ref.
Georgia (Class 2)	William Stanley West (D)	March 2, 1914	November 3, 1914	246 days	Did not seek election.	–	John M. Slaton (D)	Augustus Octavius Bacon (D)	^[8]
Kentucky (Class 3)	Johnson N. Camden Jr. (D)	June 16, 1914	March 4, 1915	261 days	Elected in the 1914 special election.	1914 (Special)	James B. McCreary (D)	William O'Connell Bradley (R)	^[9]
Indiana (Class 3)	Thomas Taggart (D)	March 20, 1916	November 7, 1916	232 days	Defeated in the 1916 special election.	–	Samuel M. Ralston (D)	Benjamin F. Shively (D)	^[10]
Oregon (Class 2)	Charles L. McNary (R)	May 29, 1917	November 5, 1918	1 year, 160 days	Did not run in the 1918 special election but was elected in the 1918 election held on the same day.	1918 1924 1930 1936 1942	James Withycombe (R)	Harry Lane (D)	^[11]
Nevada (Class 3)	Charles Henderson (D)	January 12, 1918	March 4, 1921	3 years, 51 days	Elected in the 1918 special election.	1918 (Special)	Emmet D. Boyle (D)	Francis G. Newlands (D)	^[12]
Idaho (Class 3)	John F. Nugent (D)	January 22, 1918	January 14, 1921	2 years, 358 days	Elected in the 1918 special election.	1918 (Special)	Moses Alexander (D)	James H. Brady (R)	^[13]
New Jersey (Class 2)	David Baird Sr. (R)	February 23, 1918	March 4, 1919	1 year, 9 days	Elected in the 1918 special election.	1918 (Special)	Walter Evans Edge (R)	William Hughes (D)	^[14]
Louisiana (Class 3)	Walter Guion (D)	April 22, 1918	November 5, 1918	197 days	Did not seek election.	–	Ruffin Pleasant (D)	Robert F. Broussard (D)	^[15]
Missouri (Class 3)	Xenophon P. Wilfley (D)	April 30, 1918	November 5, 1918	189 days	Lost nomination to run in the 1918 special election.	–	Frederick D. Gardner (D)	William J. Stone (D)	^[16]
South Carolina (Class 2)	Christie Benet (D)	July 6, 1918	November 5, 1918	122 days	Lost nomination to run in the 1918 special election.	–	Richard Irvine Manning III (D)	Benjamin Tillman (D)	^[17]
New Hampshire (Class 3)	Irving W. Drew (R)	September 2, 1918	November 5, 1918	64 days	Did not seek election.	–	Henry W. Keyes (R)	Jacob Harold Gallinger (R)	^[18]
Kentucky (Class 2)	George B. Martin (D)	September 7, 1918	March 4, 1919	178 days	Did not seek election.	–	Augustus Owsley Stanley (D)	Ollie Murray James (D)	^[19]
Virginia (Class 2)	Carter Glass (D)	February 2, 1920	March 4, 1925	5 years, 30 days	Elected in the 1920 special election.	1920 (Special) 1924 1930 1936 1942	Westmoreland Davis (D)	Thomas S. Martin (D)	^[20]
Alabama (Class 2)	B. B. Comer (D)	March 5, 1920	November 2, 1920	242 days	Did not seek election.	–	Thomas Kilby (D)	John H. Bankhead (D)	^[21]
New Mexico (Class 2)	Holm O. Bursum (R)	March 11, 1921	March 4, 1925	3 years, 358 days	Elected in the 1921 special election.	1921 (Special)	Merritt C. Mechem (R)	Albert B. Fall (R)	^[22]
Delaware (Class 1)	T. Coleman du Pont (R)	July 7, 1921	November 7, 1922	1 year, 123 days	Defeated in the 1922 special election.	1924	William D. Denney (R)	Josiah O. Wolcott (D)	^[23]
Pennsylvania (Class 1)	William E. Crow (R)	October 24, 1921	August 2, 1922	282 days	Died in office.	–	William Cameron Sproul (R)	Philander C. Knox (R)	^[24]
Pennsylvania (Class 3)	George W. Pepper (R)	January 9, 1922	March 4, 1927	5 years, 54 days	Elected in the 1922 special election.	1922 (Special)	William Cameron Sproul (R)	Boies Penrose (R)	^[25]
Iowa (Class 2)	Charles A. Rawson (R)	February 24, 1922	November 7, 1922	256 days	Did not seek election.	–	Nathan E. Kendall (R)	William S. Kenyon (R)	^[26]
Pennsylvania (Class 1)	David A. Reed (R)	August 8, 1922	March 4, 1923	208 days	Elected in the 1922 special election.	1922 (Special) 1922 1928	William Cameron Sproul (R)	William E. Crow (R)^{[note 3]}	^[27]
Georgia (Class 3)	Rebecca Latimer Felton (D)	October 3, 1922	November 22, 1922	50 days	Did not seek election.	–	Thomas W. Hardwick (D)	Thomas E. Watson (D)	^[28]
Michigan (Class 2)	James J. Couzens (R)	November 29, 1922	March 4, 1925	2 years, 95 days	Elected in the 1924 election.	1924 1930	Alex J. Groesbeck (R)	Truman Handy Newberry (R)	^[29]
Colorado (Class 3)	Alva B. Adams (D)	May 17, 1923	November 30, 1924	1 year, 197 days	Did not run in the 1924 special election and was defeated in the 1924 election.	1932 1938	William Ellery Sweet (D)	Samuel D. Nicholson (R)	^[30]
Massachusetts (Class 1)	William M. Butler (R)	November 13, 1924	December 6, 1926	2 years, 23 days	Defeated in the 1926 special election.	–	Channing H. Cox (R)	Henry Cabot Lodge (R)	^[31]
Missouri (Class 3)	George Howard Williams (R)	May 25, 1925	December 5, 1926	1 year, 194 days	Defeated in the 1926 special election.	–	Sam Aaron Baker (R)	Selden P. Spencer (R)	^[32]
Indiana (Class 1)	Arthur Raymond Robinson (R)	October 20, 1925	March 4, 1929	3 years, 135 days	Elected in the 1926 special election.	1926 (Special) 1928	Edward L. Jackson (R)	Samuel M. Ralston (D)	^[33]
North Dakota (Class 3)	Gerald Nye (R)	November 14, 1925	March 4, 1927	1 year, 110 days	Elected in the 1926 special election.	1926 (Special) 1926 1932 1938	Arthur G. Sorlie (NPL)	Edwin F. Ladd (R)	^[34]
Iowa (Class 3)	David W. Stewart (R)	August 7, 1926	March 4, 1927	209 days	Elected in the 1926 special election.	1926 (Special)	John Hammill (R)	Albert B. Cummins (R)	^[35]
New Mexico (Class 1)	Bronson M. Cutting (R)	December 29, 1927	December 6, 1928	343 days	Did not run in the 1928 special election but was elected in the 1928 election held on the same day.	1928 1934	Richard C. Dillon (R)	Andrieus A. Jones (D)	^[36]
Michigan (Class 1)	Arthur Vandenberg (R)	March 31, 1928	March 4, 1929	338 days	Elected in the 1928 special election.	1928 (Special) 1928 1934 1940 1946	Fred W. Green (R)	Woodbridge N. Ferris (D)	^[37]
Ohio (Class 3)	Cyrus Locher (D)	April 4, 1928	December 14, 1928	254 days	Lost nomination to run in the 1928 special election.	–	A. Victor Donahey (D)	Frank B. Willis (R)	^[38]
Idaho (Class 3)	John Thomas (R)	June 30, 1928	March 4, 1933	4 years, 247 days	Elected in the 1928 special election.	1928 (Special) 1940 (Special) 1942	H. C. Baldridge (R)	Frank R. Gooding (R)	^[39]
Delaware (Class 2)	Daniel O. Hastings (R)	December 10, 1928	March 4, 1931	2 years, 84 days	Elected in the 1930 special election.	1930 (Special) 1930	Robert P. Robinson (R)	T. Coleman du Pont (R)	^[40]
Kansas (Class 3)	Henry Justin Allen (R)	April 1, 1929	November 30, 1930	1 year, 243 days	Defeated in the 1930 special election.	–	Clyde M. Reed (R)	Charles Curtis (R)	^[41]
Tennessee (Class 2)	William Emerson Brock (D)	September 2, 1929	March 4, 1931	1 year, 183 days	Did not seek election.	–	Henry Hollis Horton (D)	Lawrence Tyson (D)	^[42]
Ohio (Class 3)	Roscoe C. McCulloch (R)	November 5, 1929	November 30, 1930	1 year, 25 days	Defeated in the 1930 special election.	–	Myers Y. Cooper (R)	Theodore E. Burton (R)^{[note 4]}	^[43]
New Jersey (Class 2)	David Baird Jr. (R)	November 30, 1929	December 2, 1930	1 year, 2 days	Did not seek election.	–	Morgan Foster Larson (R)	Walter Evans Edge (R)	^[44]
Wyoming (Class 2)	Patrick Joseph Sullivan (R)	December 5, 1929	November 20, 1930	350 days	Did not seek election.	–	Frank Emerson (R)	Francis E. Warren (R)	^[45]
Pennsylvania (Class 3)	Joseph R. Grundy (R)	December 11, 1929	December 1, 1930	355 days	Lost nomination to run in the 1930 special election.	–	John Stuchell Fisher (R)	William Scott Vare (R)^{[note 5]}	^[46]
Kentucky (Class 2)	John M. Robsion (R)	January 11, 1930	November 30, 1930	323 days	Defeated in the 1930 special election.	–	Flem D. Sampson (R)	Frederic M. Sackett (R)	^[47]
North Carolina (Class 3)	Cameron A. Morrison (D)	December 13, 1930	December 4, 1932	1 year, 357 days	Lost nomination to run in the 1932 special election.	–	Oliver Max Gardner (D)	Lee Slater Overman (D)	^[48]
Vermont (Class 1)	Frank C. Partridge (R)	December 23, 1930	March 31, 1931	98 days	Lost nomination to run in the 1931 special election.	–	John E. Weeks (R)	Frank L. Greene (R)	^[49]
Arkansas (Class 3)	Hattie Wyatt Caraway (D)	November 13, 1931	March 4, 1933	1 year, 111 days	Elected in the 1932 special election.	1932 (Special) 1932 1938	Harvey Parnell (D)	Thaddeus H. Caraway (D)	^[50]
New Jersey (Class 2)	William Warren Barbour (R)	December 1, 1931	March 4, 1933	1 year, 93 days	Elected in the 1932 special election.	1932 (Special) 1938 (Special) 1940	Morgan Foster Larson (R)	Dwight Morrow (R)	^[51]
Georgia (Class 2)	John S. Cohen (D)	April 25, 1932	January 11, 1933	261 days	Did not seek election.	–	Richard Russell Jr. (D)	William J. Harris (D)	^[52]
Colorado (Class 3)	Walter Walker (D)	September 26, 1932	December 6, 1932	71 days	Defeated in the 1932 special election.	–	Billy Adams (D)	Charles W. Waterman (R)	^[53]
Washington (Class 3)	Elijah S. Grammer (R)	November 22, 1932	March 4, 1933	102 days	Did not seek election.	–	Roland H. Hartley (R)	Wesley Livsey Jones (R)	^[54]
Tennessee (Class 2)	Nathan L. Bachman (D)	February 28, 1933	January 3, 1937	3 years, 310 days	Elected in the 1934 special election.	1934 (Special) 1936	Hill McAlister (D)	Cordell Hull (D)	^[55]
Virginia (Class 1)	Harry F. Byrd (D)	March 4, 1933	January 3, 1935	1 year, 305 days	Elected in the 1933 special election.	1933 (Special) 1934 1940 1946 1952 1958 1964	John Garland Pollard (D)	Claude A. Swanson (D)	^[56]
Montana (Class 2)	John E. Erickson (D)	March 13, 1933	November 6, 1934	1 year, 238 days	Lost nomination to run in the 1934 special election.	–	Frank Henry Cooney (D)	Thomas J. Walsh (D)	^[57]
Nebraska (Class 1)	William Henry Thompson (D)	May 24, 1933	November 6, 1934	1 year, 166 days	Did not seek election.	–	Charles W. Bryan (D)	Robert B. Howell (R)	^[58]
New Mexico (Class 2)	Carl Hatch (D)	October 10, 1933	January 3, 1937	3 years, 85 days	Elected in the 1934 special election.	1934 (Special) 1936 1942	Andrew W. Hockenhull (D)	Sam G. Bratton (D)	^[59]
Vermont (Class 3)	Ernest Willard Gibson (R)	November 21, 1933	January 3, 1939	5 years, 43 days	Elected in the 1934 special election.	1934 (Special) 1938	Stanley C. Wilson (R)	Porter H. Dale (R)	^[60]
Wyoming (Class 1)	Joseph C. O'Mahoney (D)	January 1, 1934	January 3, 1935	1 year, 2 days	Elected in the 1934 special election.	1934 (Special) 1934 1940 1946 1954 (Special) 1954	Leslie A. Miller (D)	John B. Kendrick (D)	^[61]
New Mexico (Class 1)	Dennis Chávez (D)	May 11, 1935	January 3, 1941	5 years, 237 days	Elected in the 1936 special election.	1936 (Special) 1940 1946 1952 1958	Clyde Tingley (D)	Bronson M. Cutting (R)	^[62]
Minnesota (Class 2)	Elmer Austin Benson (FL)	December 27, 1935	November 3, 1936	312 days	Did not seek election.	–	Floyd B. Olson (FL)	Thomas D. Schall (R)	^[63]
Louisiana (Class 2)	Rose McConnell Long (D)	January 31, 1936	January 3, 1937	338 days	Elected in the 1936 special election.	1936 (Special)	James A. Noe (D)	Huey Long (D)	^[64]
Florida (Class 1)	Scott Loftin (D)	May 26, 1936	November 3, 1936	161 days	Did not seek election.	–	David Sholtz (D)	Park Trammell (D)	^[65]
Florida (Class 3)	William Luther Hill (D)	July 1, 1936	November 3, 1936	125 days	Did not seek election.	–	David Sholtz (D)	Duncan U. Fletcher (D)	^[66]
South Dakota (Class 3)	Herbert E. Hitchcock (D)	December 29, 1936	November 8, 1938	1 year, 314 days	Lost nomination to run in the 1938 special election.	–	Tom Berry (D)	Peter Norbeck (R)	^[67]
Tennessee (Class 2)	George L. Berry (D)	May 6, 1937	November 8, 1938	1 year, 186 days	Lost nomination to run in the 1938 special election.	–	Gordon Browning (D)	Nathan L. Bachman (D)	^[68]
Alabama (Class 3)	Dixie Bibb Graves (D)	August 20, 1937	January 10, 1938	143 days	Did not seek election.	–	Bibb Graves (D)	Hugo Black (D)	^[69]
Alabama (Class 3)	J. Lister Hill (D)	January 11, 1938	January 3, 1939	357 days	Elected in the 1938 special election.	1938 (Special) 1938 1944 1950 1956 1962	Bibb Graves (D)	Dixie Bibb Graves (D)^{[note 6]}	^[70]
New Jersey (Class 1)	John Gerald Milton (D)	January 18, 1938	November 8, 1938	294 days	Did not seek election.	–	A. Harry Moore (D)	A. Harry Moore (D)	^[71]
Oregon (Class 3)	Alfred E. Reames (D)	February 1, 1938	November 8, 1938	280 days	Did not seek election.	–	Charles Martin (D)	Frederick Steiwer (R)	^[72]
California (Class 3)	Thomas M. Storke (D)	November 9, 1938	January 3, 1939	55 days	Did not seek election.	–	Frank Merriam (R)	William Gibbs McAdoo (D)	^[73]
Illinois (Class 2)	James M. Slattery (D)	April 14, 1939	November 21, 1940	1 year, 221 days	Defeated in the 1940 special election.	–	Henry Horner (D)	J. Hamilton Lewis (D)	^[74]
Kentucky (Class 2)	Happy Chandler (D)	October 10, 1939	January 3, 1943	3 years, 85 days	Elected in the 1940 special election.	1940 (Special) 1942	Keen Johnson (D)	M. M. Logan (D)	^[75]
Idaho (Class 2)	John Thomas (R)	January 27, 1940	January 3, 1943	2 years, 341 days	Elected in the 1940 special election.	1940 (Special) 1942	C. A. Bottolfsen (R)	William Borah (R)	^[39]
Vermont (Class 3)	Ernest W. Gibson Jr. (R)	June 24, 1940	January 3, 1941	342 days	Did not seek election.	–	George Aiken (R)	Ernest Willard Gibson (R)	^[76]
Minnesota (Class 2)	Joseph H. Ball (R)	October 14, 1940	November 17, 1942	2 years, 34 days	Did not run in the 1942 special election but was elected in the 1942 election held on the same day.	1942	Harold Stassen (R)	Ernest Lundeen (FL)	^[77]
Nevada (Class 1)	Berkeley L. Bunker (D)	November 27, 1940	December 6, 1942	2 years, 9 days	Lost nomination to run in the 1942 special election.	–	Edward P. Carville (D)	Key Pittman (D)	^[78]
West Virginia (Class 2)	Joseph Rosier (D)	January 13, 1941	November 17, 1942	1 year, 308 days	Defeated in the 1942 special election.	–	Matthew M. Neely (D)	Matthew M. Neely (D)	^[79]
Arkansas (Class 2)	G. Lloyd Spencer (D)	April 1, 1941	January 3, 1943	1 year, 277 days	Did not seek election.	–	Homer Martin Adkins (D)	John E. Miller (D)	^[80]
Texas (Class 2)	Andrew Jackson Houston (D)	April 21, 1941	June 26, 1941	66 days	Died in office.	–	W. Lee O'Daniel (D)	Morris Sheppard (D)	^[81]
Mississippi (Class 2)	James Eastland (D)	June 30, 1941	September 28, 1941	90 days	Did not run in the 1941 special election but was elected in the 1942 election held in the following year.	1942 1948 1954 1960 1966 1972	Paul B. Johnson Sr. (D)	Pat Harrison (D)	^[82]
South Carolina (Class 2)	Alva M. Lumpkin (D)	July 22, 1941	August 1, 1941	10 days	Died in office.	–	Burnet R. Maybank (D)	James F. Byrnes (D)	^[83]
South Carolina (Class 2)	Roger C. Peace (D)	August 5, 1941	November 4, 1941	91 days	Did not seek election.	–	Burnet R. Maybank (D)	Alva M. Lumpkin (D)^{[note 7]}	^[84]
Colorado (Class 3)	Eugene Millikin (R)	December 20, 1941	January 3, 1945	3 years, 14 days	Elected in the 1942 special election.	1942 (Special) 1944 1950	Ralph Lawrence Carr (R)	Alva B. Adams (D)	^[85]
New Jersey (Class 1)	Arthur Walsh (D)	November 26, 1943	December 7, 1944	1 year, 11 days	Did not seek election.	–	Charles Edison (D)	William Warren Barbour (R)	^[86]
Indiana (Class 3)	Samuel D. Jackson (D)	January 28, 1944	November 13, 1944	290 days	Did not seek election.	–	Henry F. Schricker (D)	Frederick Van Nuys (D)	^[87]
Massachusetts (Class 2)	Sinclair Weeks (R)	February 8, 1944	December 19, 1944	315 days	Did not seek election.	–	Leverett Saltonstall (R)	Henry Cabot Lodge Jr. (R)	^[88]
Oregon (Class 2)	Guy Cordon (R)	March 4, 1944	January 3, 1949	4 years, 305 days	Elected in the 1944 special election.	1944 (Special) 1948	Earl Snell (R)	Charles L. McNary (R)	^[89]
South Carolina (Class 3)	Wilton E. Hall (D)	November 20, 1944	January 3, 1945	44 days	Did not seek election.	–	Olin D. Johnston (D)	Ellison D. Smith (D)	^[90]
Washington (Class 1)	Hugh Mitchell (D)	January 10, 1945	December 25, 1946	1 year, 349 days	Defeated in the 1946 election.	–	Monrad Wallgren (D)	Monrad Wallgren (D)	^[91]
Missouri (Class 1)	Frank P. Briggs (D)	January 18, 1945	January 3, 1947	1 year, 350 days	Defeated in the 1946 election.	–	Phil M. Donnelly (D)	Harry S. Truman (D)	^[92]
Connecticut (Class 1)	Thomas C. Hart (R)	February 15, 1945	November 5, 1946	1 year, 263 days	Did not seek election.	–	Raymond E. Baldwin (R)	Francis T. Maloney (D)	^[93]
North Dakota (Class 3)	Milton Young (R)	March 12, 1945	January 3, 1951	5 years, 297 days	Elected in the 1946 special election.	1946 (Special) 1950 1956 1962 1968 1974	Fred G. Aandahl (R)	John Moses (D)	^[94]
Nevada (Class 1)	Edward P. Carville (D)	July 25, 1945	January 3, 1947	1 year, 162 days	Lost nomination to run in the 1946 election.	–	Vail M. Pittman (D)	James G. Scrugham (D)	^[95]
California (Class 1)	William Knowland (R)	August 26, 1945	January 3, 1947	1 year, 130 days	Elected in the 1946 special election.	1946 (Special) 1946 1952	Earl Warren (R)	Hiram Johnson (R)	^[96]
Ohio (Class 1)	James W. Huffman (D)	October 8, 1945	November 5, 1946	1 year, 28 days	Did not run in the 1946 special election and was defeated in the 1946 election.	–	Frank Lausche (D)	Harold Hitz Burton (R)	^[97]
Idaho (Class 2)	Charles C. Gossett (D)	November 17, 1945	November 6, 1946	354 days	Lost nomination to run in the 1946 special election.	–	Arnold Williams (D)	John Thomas (R)	^[98]
Kentucky (Class 2)	William A. Stanfill (R)	November 19, 1945	November 5, 1946	351 days	Did not seek election.	–	Simeon Willis (R)	Happy Chandler (D)	^[99]
Virginia (Class 2)	Thomas G. Burch (D)	May 31, 1946	November 5, 1946	158 days	Did not seek election.	–	William M. Tuck (D)	Carter Glass (D)	^[100]
Alabama (Class 2)	George R. Swift (D)	June 15, 1946	November 5, 1946	143 days	Did not seek election.	–	Chauncey Sparks (D)	John H. Bankhead II (D)	^[101]
Florida (Class 1)	Spessard Holland (D)	September 25, 1946	January 3, 1947	100 days	Elected in the 1946 election.	1946 1952 1958 1964	Millard Caldwell (D)	Charles O. Andrews (D)	^[102]
Vermont (Class 1)	Ralph Flanders (R)	November 1, 1946	January 3, 1947	63 days	Elected in the 1946 election.	1946 1952	Mortimer R. Proctor (R)	Warren Austin (R)	^[103]
North Carolina (Class 2)	William B. Umstead (D)	December 18, 1946	December 30, 1948	2 years, 12 days	Lost nomination to run in the 1948 special election.	–	R. Gregg Cherry (D)	Josiah Bailey (D)	^[104]
Louisiana (Class 3)	William C. Feazel (D)	May 18, 1948	December 30, 1948	226 days	Did not seek election.	–	Earl Long (D)	John H. Overton (D)	^[105]
South Dakota (Class 2)	Vera C. Bushfield (R)	October 6, 1948	December 26, 1948	81 days	Did not seek election.	–	George Theodore Mickelson (R)	Harlan J. Bushfield (R)	^[106]
Kentucky (Class 3)	Garrett Withers (D)	January 20, 1949	November 26, 1950	1 year, 310 days	Did not seek election.	–	Earle Clements (D)	Alben W. Barkley (D)	^[107]
North Carolina (Class 2)	Frank Porter Graham (D)	March 29, 1949	November 26, 1950	1 year, 242 days	Lost nomination to run in the 1950 special election.	–	W. Kerr Scott (D)	J. Melville Broughton (D)	^[108]
New York (Class 3)	John Foster Dulles (R)	July 7, 1949	November 8, 1949	124 days	Defeated in the 1949 special election.	–	Thomas E. Dewey (R)	Robert F. Wagner (D)	^[109]
Rhode Island (Class 1)	Edward L. Leahy (D)	August 24, 1949	December 18, 1950	1 year, 116 days	Did not seek election.	–	John Pastore (D)	J. Howard McGrath (D)	^[110]
Idaho (Class 2)	Henry Dworshak (R)	October 14, 1949	January 3, 1955	5 years, 81 days	Elected in the 1950 special election.	1946 (Special) 1950 (Special) 1954 1960	C. A. Robins (R)	Bert H. Miller (D)	^[111]
Kansas (Class 3)	Harry Darby (R)	December 2, 1949	November 28, 1950	361 days	Did not seek election.	–	Frank Carlson (R)	Clyde M. Reed (R)	^[112]
Connecticut (Class 1)	William Benton (D)	December 17, 1949	January 3, 1953	3 years, 17 days	Elected in the 1950 special election.	1950 (Special)	Chester Bowles (D)	Raymond E. Baldwin (R)	^[113]
Kentucky (Class 2)	Thomas R. Underwood (D)	March 19, 1951	November 4, 1952	1 year, 230 days	Defeated in the 1952 special election.	–	Lawrence Wetherby (D)	Virgil Chapman (D)	^[114]
Michigan (Class 1)	Blair Moody (D)	April 23, 1951	November 4, 1952	1 year, 195 days	Defeated in the 1952 special election.	–	G. Mennen Williams (D)	Arthur Vandenberg (R)	^[115]
Nebraska (Class 2)	Fred A. Seaton (R)	December 10, 1951	November 4, 1952	330 days	Did not seek election.	–	Val Peterson (R)	Kenneth S. Wherry (R)	^[116]
Connecticut (Class 3)	William A. Purtell (R)	August 29, 1952	November 4, 1952	67 days	Did not seek election.	1952.	John Davis Lodge (R)	Brien McMahon (D)	^[117]
California (Class 3)	Thomas Kuchel (R)	January 2, 1953	January 3, 1957	4 years, 1 day	Elected in the 1954 special election.	1954 (Special) 1956 1962	Earl Warren (R)	Richard Nixon (R)	^[118]
North Carolina (Class 2)	Alton Lennon (D)	July 10, 1953	November 28, 1954	1 year, 141 days	Lost nomination to run in the 1954 special election.	–	William B. Umstead (D)	Willis Smith (D)	^[119]
New Hampshire (Class 2)	Robert W. Upton (R)	August 14, 1953	November 7, 1954	1 year, 85 days	Lost nomination to run in the 1954 special election.	–	Hugh Gregg (R)	Charles W. Tobey (R)	^[120]
Ohio (Class 3)	Thomas A. Burke (D)	November 10, 1953	December 2, 1954	1 year, 22 days	Defeated in the 1954 special election.	–	Frank Lausche (D)	Robert A. Taft (R)	^[121]
Nebraska (Class 2)	Eva Bowring (R)	April 16, 1954	November 7, 1954	205 days	Did not seek election.	–	Robert B. Crosby (R)	Dwight Griswold (R)^{[note 8]}	^[122]
North Carolina (Class 3)	Sam Ervin (D)	June 5, 1954	January 3, 1957	2 years, 212 days	Elected in the 1954 special election.	1954 (Special) 1956 1962 1968	William B. Umstead (D)	Clyde R. Hoey (D)	^[123]
Wyoming (Class 2)	Edward D. Crippa (R)	June 24, 1954	November 28, 1954	157 days	Did not seek election.	–	Clifford Joy Rogers (R)	Lester C. Hunt (D)	^[124]
Nebraska (Class 1)	Samuel W. Reynolds (R)	July 3, 1954	November 7, 1954	127 days	Did not seek election.	–	Robert B. Crosby (R)	Hugh A. Butler (R)	^[125]
South Carolina (Class 2)	Charles E. Daniel (D)	September 6, 1954	December 23, 1954	108 days	Did not seek election.	–	James F. Byrnes (D)	Burnet R. Maybank (D)	^[126]
Nevada (Class 3)	Ernest S. Brown (R)	October 1, 1954	December 1, 1954	61 days	Defeated in the 1954 special election.	–	Charles H. Russell (R)	Pat McCarran (D)	^[127]
West Virginia (Class 1)	William Laird III (D)	March 13, 1956	November 6, 1956	238 days	Did not seek election.	–	William C. Marland (D)	Harley M. Kilgore (D)	^[128]
South Carolina (Class 2)	Thomas A. Wofford (D)	April 5, 1956	November 6, 1956	215 days	Did not seek election.	–	George Bell Timmerman Jr. (D)	Strom Thurmond (D)	^[129]
Kentucky (Class 2)	Robert Humphreys (D)	June 21, 1956	November 6, 1956	138 days	Did not seek election.	–	Happy Chandler (D)	Alben W. Barkley (D)	^[130]
Texas (Class 1)	William A. Blakley (D)	January 15, 1957	April 28, 1957	103 days	Did not seek election.	–	Price Daniel (D)	Price Daniel (D)	^[131]
West Virginia (Class 2)	John D. Hoblitzell Jr. (R)	January 25, 1958	November 4, 1958	283 days	Defeated in the 1958 special election.	–	Cecil H. Underwood (R)	Matthew M. Neely (D)	^[132]
North Carolina (Class 2)	B. Everett Jordan (D)	April 19, 1958	January 3, 1961	2 years, 259 days	Elected in the 1958 special election.	1958 (Special) 1960 1966	Luther H. Hodges (D)	W. Kerr Scott (D)	^[133]
North Dakota (Class 1)	Norman Brunsdale (R)	November 19, 1959	August 7, 1960	262 days	Did not seek election.	–	John E. Davis (R)	William Langer (R)	^[134]
Oregon (Class 2)	Hall S. Lusk (D)	March 16, 1960	November 8, 1960	237 days	Did not seek election.	–	Mark Hatfield (R)	Richard L. Neuberger (D)	^[135]
Missouri (Class 3)	Edward V. Long (D)	September 23, 1960	January 3, 1963	2 years, 102 days	Elected in the 1960 special election.	1960 (Special) 1962	James T. Blair Jr. (D)	Thomas C. Hennings Jr. (D)	^[136]
Massachusetts (Class 1)	Benjamin A. Smith II (D)	December 27, 1960	November 6, 1962	1 year, 314 days	Did not seek election.	–	Foster Furcolo (D)	John F. Kennedy (D)	^[137]
Texas (Class 2)	William A. Blakley (D)	January 3, 1961	June 14, 1961	162 days	Defeated in the 1961 special election.	–	Price Daniel (D)	Lyndon B. Johnson (D)	^[131]
Wyoming (Class 2)	John J. Hickey (D)	January 3, 1961	November 6, 1962	1 year, 307 days	Defeated in the 1962 special election.	–	Jack R. Gage (D)	Edwin Keith Thomson (R)^{[note 5]}	^[138]
New Hampshire (Class 2)	Maurice J. Murphy Jr. (R)	December 7, 1961	November 6, 1962	334 days	Lost nomination to run in the 1962 special election.	–	Wesley Powell (R)	Styles Bridges (R)	^[139]
Kansas (Class 2)	James B. Pearson (R)	January 31, 1962	January 3, 1967	4 years, 337 days	Elected in the 1962 special election.	1962 (Special) 1966 1972	John Anderson Jr. (R)	Andrew Frank Schoeppel (R)	^[140]
South Dakota (Class 3)	Joseph H. Bottum (R)	July 9, 1962	January 3, 1963	178 days	Lost election to the next term.	–	Archie M. Gubbrud (R)	Francis H. Case (R)	^[141]
Idaho (Class 2)	Leonard B. Jordan (R)	August 6, 1962	January 3, 1967	4 years, 150 days	Elected in the 1962 special election.	1962 (Special) 1966	Robert E. Smylie (R)	Henry Dworshak (R)	^[142]
New Mexico (Class 1)	Edwin L. Mechem (R)	November 30, 1962	November 3, 1964	1 year, 339 days	Defeated in the 1964 special election.	–	Tom Bolack (R)	Dennis Chávez (D)	^[143]
Oklahoma (Class 2)	J. Howard Edmondson (D)	January 7, 1963	November 3, 1964	1 year, 301 days	Lost nomination to run in the 1964 special election.	–	George Nigh (D)	Robert S. Kerr (D)	^[144]
Tennessee (Class 2)	Herbert S. Walters (D)	August 20, 1963	November 3, 1964	1 year, 75 days	Did not seek election.	–	Frank G. Clement (D)	Estes Kefauver (D)	^[145]
California (Class 1)	Pierre Salinger (D)	August 4, 1964	December 31, 1964	149 days	Defeated in the 1964 election.	–	Pat Brown (D)	Clair Engle (D)	^[146]
Minnesota (Class 2)	Walter Mondale (DFL)	December 30, 1964	December 30, 1966	2 years, 0 days	Elected in the 1966 election.	1966 1972	Karl Rolvaag (DFL)	Hubert Humphrey (DFL)	^[147]
South Carolina (Class 3)	Donald S. Russell (D)	April 22, 1965	November 8, 1966	1 year, 200 days	Lost nomination to run in the 1966 special election.	–	Robert Evander McNair (D)	Olin D. Johnston (D)	^[148]
Virginia (Class 1)	Harry F. Byrd Jr. (D)	November 12, 1965	January 3, 1971	5 years, 52 days	Elected in the 1966 special election.	1966 (Special) 1970 1976	Albertis Harrison (D)	Harry F. Byrd (D)	^[149]
Michigan (Class 2)	Robert P. Griffin (R)	May 11, 1966	January 3, 1967	237 days	Elected in the 1966 election.	1966 1972	George W. Romney (R)	Patrick V. McNamara (D)	^[150]
New York (Class 1)	Charles Goodell (R)	September 10, 1968	January 3, 1971	2 years, 115 days	Lost election to the next term.	–	Nelson Rockefeller (R)	Robert F. Kennedy (D)	^[151]
Alaska (Class 2)	Ted Stevens (R)	December 24, 1968	January 3, 1973	4 years, 10 days	Elected in the 1970 special election.	1970 (Special) 1972 1978 1984 1990 1996 2002	Wally Hickel (R)	Bob Bartlett (D)	^[152]
Illinois (Class 3)	Ralph T. Smith (R)	September 17, 1969	November 16, 1970	1 year, 60 days	Defeated in the 1970 special election.	–	Richard B. Ogilvie (R)	Everett Dirksen (R)	^[153]
Georgia (Class 2)	David H. Gambrell (D)	February 1, 1971	November 7, 1972	1 year, 280 days	Lost nomination to run in the 1972 elections.	–	Jimmy Carter (D)	Richard Russell Jr. (D)	^[154]
Vermont (Class 1)	Robert Stafford (R)	September 16, 1971	January 3, 1977	5 years, 109 days	Elected in the 1972 special election.	1972 (Special) 1976 1982	Deane C. Davis (R)	Winston L. Prouty (R)	^[155]
Louisiana (Class 2)	Elaine Edwards (D)	August 1, 1972	November 13, 1972	104 days	Did not seek election.	–	Edwin Edwards (D)	Allen J. Ellender (D)	^[156]
Ohio (Class 3)	Howard Metzenbaum (D)	January 4, 1974	December 23, 1974	353 days	Lost nomination to run in the 1974 election.	1976 1982 1988	John J. Gilligan (D)	William B. Saxbe (R)	^[157]
New Hampshire (Class 3)	Louis C. Wyman (R)	December 31, 1974	January 3, 1975	3 days	Defeated in the 1975 special election.	–	Meldrim Thomson Jr. (R)	Norris Cotton (R)	^[158]
New Hampshire (Class 3)	Norris Cotton (R)	August 8, 1975	September 18, 1975	41 days	Did not seek election.	1954 (Special) 1956 1962 1968	Meldrim Thomson Jr. (R)	Louis C. Wyman (R)	^[159]
Minnesota (Class 2)	Wendell R. Anderson (DFL)	December 30, 1976	December 29, 1978	1 year, 364 days	Defeated in the 1978 election.	–	Rudy Perpich (DFL)	Walter Mondale (DFL)	^[160]
Arkansas (Class 2)	Kaneaster Hodges Jr. (D)	December 10, 1977	January 3, 1979	1 year, 24 days	Did not seek election.	–	David Pryor (D)	John Little McClellan (D)	^[161]
Montana (Class 2)	Paul G. Hatfield (D)	January 22, 1978	December 14, 1978	326 days	Lost nomination to run in the 1978 election.	–	Thomas Lee Judge (D)	Lee Metcalf (D)	^[162]
Minnesota (Class 1)	Muriel Humphrey Brown (DFL)	January 25, 1978	November 7, 1978	286 days	Did not seek election.	–	Rudy Perpich (DFL)	Hubert Humphrey (DFL)	^[163]
Alabama (Class 3)	Maryon Pittman Allen (D)	June 8, 1978	November 7, 1978	152 days	Lost nomination to run in the 1978 special election.	–	George Wallace (D)	James Allen (D)	^[164]
Maine (Class 1)	George J. Mitchell (D)	May 17, 1980	January 3, 1983	2 years, 231 days	Elected in the 1982 election.	1982 1988	Joseph E. Brennan (D)	Edmund Muskie (D)	^[165]
New Jersey (Class 1)	Nicholas F. Brady (R)	April 12, 1982	December 27, 1982	259 days	Did not seek election.	–	Thomas Kean (R)	Harrison A. Williams (D)	^[166]
Washington (Class 1)	Daniel J. Evans (R)	September 8, 1983	January 3, 1989	5 years, 117 days	Elected in the 1983 special election.	1983 (Special)	John Spellman (R)	Henry M. Jackson (D)	^[167]
North Carolina (Class 3)	Jim Broyhill (R)	July 14, 1986	November 4, 1986	113 days	Defeated in the 1986 elections.	–	James G. Martin (R)	John Porter East (R)	^[168]
Nebraska (Class 1)	David Karnes (R)	March 11, 1987	January 3, 1989	1 year, 298 days	Defeated in the 1988 election.	–	Kay A. Orr (R)	Edward Zorinsky (D)	^[169]
Indiana (Class 3)	Dan Coats (R)	January 3, 1989	January 3, 1993	4 years, 0 days	Elected in the 1990 special election.	1990 (Special) 1992 2010	Robert D. Orr (R)	Dan Quayle (R)	^[170]
Hawaii (Class 1)	Daniel Akaka (D)	May 16, 1990	January 3, 1995	4 years, 232 days	Elected in the 1990 special election.	1990 (Special) 1994 2000 2006	John D. Waiheʻe III (D)	Spark Matsunaga (D)	^[171]
California (Class 1)	John Seymour (R)	January 7, 1991	November 10, 1992	1 year, 308 days	Defeated in the 1992 special election.	–	Pete Wilson (R)	Pete Wilson (R)	^[172]
Pennsylvania (Class 1)	Harris Wofford (D)	May 8, 1991	January 3, 1995	3 years, 240 days	Elected in the 1991 special election.	1991 (Special)	Bob Casey Sr. (D)	John Heinz (R)	^[173]
North Dakota (Class 1)	Jocelyn Burdick (D-NPL)	September 12, 1992	December 14, 1992	93 days	Did not seek election.	–	George A. Sinner (D-NPL)	Quentin Burdick (D-NPL)	^[174]
Tennessee (Class 2)	Harlan Mathews (D)	January 2, 1993	December 1, 1994	1 year, 333 days	Did not seek election.	–	Ned McWherter (D)	Al Gore (D)	^[175]
Texas (Class 1)	Bob Krueger (D)	January 21, 1993	June 14, 1993	144 days	Defeated in the 1993 special election.	–	Ann Richards (D)	Lloyd Bentsen (D)	^[176]
Kansas (Class 3)	Sheila Frahm (R)	June 11, 1996	November 5, 1996	147 days	Lost nomination to run in the 1996 special election.	–	Bill Graves (R)	Bob Dole (R)	^[177]
Rhode Island (Class 1)	Lincoln Chafee (R)	November 2, 1999	January 3, 2001	1 year, 62 days	Elected in the 2000 election.	2000	Lincoln Almond (R)	John Chafee (R)	^[178]
Georgia (Class 3)	Zell Miller (D)	July 24, 2000	January 3, 2005	4 years, 163 days	Elected in the 2000 special election.	2000 (Special)	Roy Barnes (D)	Paul Coverdell (R)	^[179]
Missouri (Class 1)	Jean Carnahan (D)	January 3, 2001	November 25, 2002	1 year, 326 days	Defeated in the 2002 special election.	–	Roger B. Wilson (D)	Mel Carnahan (D)^{[note 5]}	^[180]
Minnesota (Class 2)	Dean Barkley (IPM)	November 4, 2002	January 3, 2003	60 days	Did not seek election, successor was elected to the next full term.	–	Jesse Ventura (IPM)	Paul Wellstone (DFL)	^[181]
Alaska (Class 3)	Lisa Murkowski (R)	December 20, 2002	January 3, 2005	2 years, 14 days	Elected in the 2004 election.	2004 2010 2016 2022	Frank Murkowski (R)	Frank Murkowski (R)	^[182]
New Jersey (Class 1)	Bob Menendez (D)	January 17, 2006	January 3, 2007	351 days	Elected in the 2006 election.	2006 2012 2018	Jon Corzine (D)	Jon Corzine (D)	^[183]
Wyoming (Class 1)	John Barrasso (R)	June 22, 2007	January 3, 2013	5 years, 195 days	Elected in the 2008 special election.	2008 (Special) 2012 2018 2024	Dave Freudenthal (D)	Craig L. Thomas (R)	^[184]
Mississippi (Class 1)	Roger Wicker (R)	December 31, 2007	January 3, 2013	5 years, 3 days	Elected in the 2008 special election.	2008 (Special) 2012 2018 2024	Haley Barbour (R)	Trent Lott (R)	^[185]
Illinois (Class 3)	Roland Burris (D)	January 12, 2009	November 29, 2010	1 year, 321 days	Did not seek election.	–	Rod Blagojevich (D)	Barack Obama (D)	^[186]
Delaware (Class 2)	Ted Kaufman (D)	January 15, 2009	November 15, 2010	1 year, 304 days	Did not seek election.	–	Ruth Ann Minner (D)	Joe Biden (D)	^[187]
Colorado (Class 3)	Michael Bennet (D)	January 21, 2009	January 3, 2011	1 year, 347 days	Elected in the 2010 election.	2010 2016 2022	Bill Ritter (D)	Ken Salazar (D)	^[188]
New York (Class 1)	Kirsten Gillibrand (D)	January 26, 2009	January 3, 2013	3 years, 343 days	Elected in the 2010 special election.	2010 (Special) 2012 2018 2024	David Paterson (D)	Hillary Clinton (D)	^[189]
Florida (Class 3)	George LeMieux (R)	September 9, 2009	January 3, 2011	1 year, 116 days	Did not seek election.	–	Charlie Crist (R)	Mel Martínez (R)	^[190]
Massachusetts (Class 1)	Paul G. Kirk (D)	September 24, 2009	February 4, 2010	133 days	Did not seek election.	–	Deval Patrick (D)	Ted Kennedy (D)	^[191]
West Virginia (Class 1)	Carte Goodwin (D)	July 16, 2010	November 15, 2010	122 days	Did not seek election.	–	Joe Manchin (D)	Robert Byrd (D)	^[192]
Nevada (Class 1)	Dean Heller (R)	May 9, 2011	January 3, 2013	1 year, 239 days	Elected in the 2012 election.	2012	Brian Sandoval (R)	John Ensign (R)	^[193]
Hawaii (Class 3)	Brian Schatz (D)	December 26, 2012	January 3, 2017	4 years, 8 days	Elected in the 2014 special election.	2014 (Special) 2016 2022	Neil Abercrombie (D)	Daniel Inouye (D)	^[194]
South Carolina (Class 3)	Tim Scott (R)	January 2, 2013	January 3, 2017	4 years, 1 day	Elected in the 2014 special election.	2014 (Special) 2016 2022	Nikki Haley (R)	Jim DeMint (R)	^[195]
Massachusetts (Class 2)	Mo Cowan (D)	February 1, 2013	July 15, 2013	164 days	Did not seek election.	–	Deval Patrick (D)	John Kerry (D)	^[196]
New Jersey (Class 2)	Jeffrey Chiesa (R)	June 6, 2013	October 30, 2013	146 days	Did not seek election.	–	Chris Christie (R)	Frank Lautenberg (D)	^[197]
Montana (Class 2)	John Walsh (D)	February 9, 2014	January 3, 2015	328 days	Was originally to seek election in 2014 but withdrew.	–	Steve Bullock (D)	Max Baucus (D)	^[198]
Alabama (Class 2)	Luther Strange (R)	February 9, 2017	January 3, 2018	328 days	Lost nomination to run in the 2017 special election.	–	Robert J. Bentley (R)	Jeff Sessions (R)	^[199]
Minnesota (Class 2)	Tina Smith (DFL)	January 3, 2018	January 3, 2021	3 years, 0 days	Elected in the 2018 special election.	2018 (Special) 2020	Mark Dayton (DFL)	Al Franken (DFL)	^[200]
Mississippi (Class 2)	Cindy Hyde-Smith (R)	April 2, 2018	January 3, 2021	2 years, 276 days	Elected in the 2018 special election.	2018 (Special) 2020	Phil Bryant (R)	Thad Cochran (R)	^[201]
Arizona (Class 3)	Jon Kyl (R)	September 4, 2018	December 31, 2018	118 days	Did not seek election.	1994 2000 2006	Doug Ducey (R)	John McCain (R)	^[202]
Arizona (Class 3)	Martha McSally (R)	January 3, 2019	December 2, 2020	1 year, 334 days	Defeated in the 2020 special election.	–	Doug Ducey (R)	Jon Kyl (R)^{[note 9]}	^[203]
Georgia (Class 3)	Kelly Loeffler (R)	January 6, 2020	January 20, 2021	1 year, 14 days	Defeated in the 2020–21 special election.	–	Brian Kemp (R)	Johnny Isakson (R)	^[204]
California (Class 3)	Alex Padilla (D)	January 20, 2021	January 3, 2023	1 year, 348 days	Elected in the 2022 special and regular elections.	2022	Gavin Newsom (D)	Kamala Harris (D)	^[205]
Nebraska (Class 2)	Pete Ricketts (R)	January 12, 2023	–	–	Elected in the 2024 special election.	2024 (Special)	Jim Pillen (R)	Ben Sasse (R)	^[206]
California (Class 1)	Laphonza Butler (D)	October 1, 2023	December 8, 2024	1 year, 68 days	Did not seek election.	–	Gavin Newsom (D)	Dianne Feinstein (D)	^[207]
New Jersey (Class 1)	George Helmy (D)	August 23, 2024	December 8, 2024	107 days	Did not seek election.	–	Phil Murphy (D)	Bob Menendez (D)	^[208]
Ohio (Class 3)	TBA (R)	December 2024	–	–	May run in the 2026 special election.	–	Mike DeWine (R)	JD Vance (R)
Florida (Class 3)	TBA (R)	January 2025	–	–	May run in the 2026 special election.	–	Ron DeSantis (R)	Marco Rubio (R)
State (Class)	Appointee^[7]	Term started^{[note 2]}	Term ended	Tenure	Immediate election following appointment	Elections won	Appointed by	Original senator	Ref.
State (Class)	Appointee^[7]	Tenure of appointee serving within the unexpired term^{[note 1]}			Electoral history		Appointed by	Original senator	Ref.

List of senators-elect appointed to the Senate

The following is a list of senators-elect appointed to the Senate after being elected. Only appointments made after the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment, which established the direct election of senators, are included.

Key

	Democratic Party		Republican Party		North Dakota Nonpartisan League		Minnesota Farmer–Labor Party		Minnesota Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party		North Dakota Democratic–Nonpartisan League Party		Independence Party of Minnesota

	Current serving

State (Class)	Senator-elect^[209]	Tenure of appointee serving within the unexpired term^{[note 1]}			Electoral history of appointee		Appointed by	Original senator	Ref.
State (Class)	Senator-elect^[209]	Term start^{[note 2]}	Term end	Tenure	Immediate election preceding appointment	Elections won	Appointed by	Original senator	Ref.
Oregon (Class 2)	Charles L. McNary (R)	December 18, 1918	March 4, 1919	76 days	Elected in the 1918 election.	1918 1924 1930 1936 1942	James Withycombe (R)	Frederick W. Mulkey (R)	^[11]
Ohio (Class 3)	Frank B. Willis (R)	January 14, 1921	March 4, 1921	49 days	Elected in the 1920 election.	1920 1926	Harry L. Davis (R)	Warren G. Harding (R)	^[210]
Idaho (Class 3)	Frank R. Gooding (R)	January 15, 1921	March 4, 1921	48 days	Elected in the 1920 election.	1920 1926	D. W. Davis (R)	John F. Nugent (D)	^[211]
Illinois (Class 2)	Charles S. Deneen (R)	February 26, 1925	March 4, 1925	6 days	Elected in the 1924 election.	1924	Len Small (R)	Joseph M. McCormick (R)	^[212]
Missouri (Class 3)	Bennett Champ Clark (D)	February 4, 1933	March 4, 1933	28 days	Elected in the 1932 election.	1932 1938	Guy Brasfield Park (D)	Harry B. Hawes (D)	^[213]
Michigan (Class 2)	Prentiss M. Brown (D)	November 19, 1936	January 3, 1937	45 days	Elected in the 1936 election.	1936	Frank Fitzgerald (R)	James J. Couzens (R)	^[214]
Washington (Class 1)	Monrad Wallgren (D)	December 19, 1940	January 3, 1941	15 days	Elected in the 1940 election.	1940	Clarence D. Martin (D)	Lewis B. Schwellenbach (D)	^[215]
Washington (Class 3)	Warren Magnuson (D)	December 14, 1944	January 3, 1945	20 days	Elected in the 1944 election.	1944 1950 1956 1962 1968 1974	Arthur B. Langlie (R)	Homer Bone (D)	^[216]
Washington (Class 1)	Harry P. Cain (R)	December 26, 1946	January 3, 1947	8 days	Elected in the 1946 election.	1946	Monrad Wallgren (D)	Hugh Mitchell (D)^{[note 10]}	^[217]
South Dakota (Class 2)	Karl E. Mundt (R)	December 31, 1948	January 3, 1949	3 days	Elected in the 1948 election.	1948 1954 1960 1966	George Theodore Mickelson (R)	Vera C. Bushfield (R)	^[218]
California (Class 3)	Richard Nixon (R)	December 1, 1950	January 3, 1951	33 days	Elected in the 1950 election.	1950	Earl Warren (R)	Sheridan Downey (D)	^[219]
South Carolina (Class 2)	Strom Thurmond (D)	December 24, 1954	January 3, 1955	10 days	Elected in the 1954 election.	1954 (write-in)^{[note 11]} 1956 (special) 1960 1966 1972 1978 1984 1990 1996	James F. Byrnes (D)	Charles E. Daniel (D)^{[note 12]}	^[220]
Nebraska (Class 2)	Carl Curtis (R)	January 1, 1955	January 3, 1955	2 days	Elected in the 1954 election.	1954 1960 1966 1972	Robert B. Crosby (R)	Hazel Abel (R)^{[note 13]}	^[221]
California (Class 1)	George Murphy (R)	January 1, 1965	January 3, 1965	2 days	Elected in the 1964 election.	1964	Pat Brown (D)	Pierre Salinger (D)^{[note 14]}	^[222]
Virginia (Class 2)	William B. Spong Jr. (D)	December 31, 1966	January 3, 1967	3 days	Elected in the 1966 election.	1966	Mills Godwin (D)	Absalom Willis Robertson (D)	^[223]
Kentucky (Class 3)	Marlow Cook (R)	December 17, 1968	January 3, 1969	17 days	Elected in the 1968 election.	1968	Louie Nunn (R)	Thruston Ballard Morton (R)	^[224]
Missouri (Class 3)	Thomas Eagleton (D)	December 28, 1968	January 3, 1969	6 days	Elected in the 1968 election.	1968 1974 1980	Warren E. Hearnes (D)	Edward V. Long (D)	^[225]
Delaware (Class 1)	William Roth (R)	January 1, 1971	January 3, 1971	2 days	Elected in the 1970 election.	1970 1976 1982 1988 1994	Russell W. Peterson (R)	John J. Williams (R)	^[226]
California (Class 1)	John V. Tunney (D)	January 2, 1971	January 3, 1971	1 day	Elected in the 1970 election.	1970	Ronald Reagan (R)	George Murphy (R)	^[227]
Louisiana (Class 2)	J. Bennett Johnston (D)	November 14, 1972	January 3, 1973	50 days	Elected in the 1972 election.	1972 1978 1984 1990	Edwin Edwards (D)	Elaine Edwards (D)^{[note 15]}	^[228]
Nevada (Class 3)	Paul Laxalt (R)	December 18, 1974	January 3, 1975	16 days	Elected in the 1974 election.	1974 1980	Mike O'Callaghan (D)	Alan Bible (D)	^[229]
Utah (Class 3)	Jake Garn (R)	December 21, 1974	January 3, 1975	13 days	Elected in the 1974 election.	1974 1980 1986	Cal Rampton (D)	Wallace F. Bennett (R)	^[230]
Ohio (Class 3)	John Glenn (D)	December 24, 1974	January 3, 1975	10 days	Elected in the 1974 election.	1974 1980 1986 1992	John J. Gilligan (D)	Howard Metzenbaum (D)^{[note 16]}	^[231]
Kentucky (Class 3)	Wendell Ford (D)	December 28, 1974	January 3, 1975	6 days	Elected in the 1974 election.	1974 1980 1986 1992	Julian Carroll (D)	Marlow Cook (R)	^[232]
Florida (Class 3)	Richard Stone (D)	January 1, 1975	January 3, 1975	2 days	Elected in the 1974 election.	1974	Reubin Askew (D)	Edward Gurney (R)	^[233]
Michigan (Class 1)	Donald Riegle (D)	December 30, 1976	January 3, 1977	4 days	Elected in the 1976 election.	1976 1982 1988	William Milliken (R)	Philip Hart (D)	^[234]
Missouri (Class 1)	John Danforth (R)	December 27, 1976	January 3, 1977	7 days	Elected in the 1976 election.	1976 1982 1988	Kit Bond (R)	Stuart Symington (D)	^[235]
Nebraska (Class 1)	Edward Zorinsky (D)	December 28, 1976	January 3, 1977	6 days	Elected in the 1976 election.	1976 1982	J. James Exon (D)	Roman Hruska (R)	^[236]
Rhode Island (Class 1)	John Chafee (R)	December 29, 1976	January 3, 1977	5 days	Elected in the 1976 election.	1976 1982 1988 1994	Philip W. Noel (D)	John Pastore (D)	^[237]
Ohio (Class 1)	Howard Metzenbaum (D)	December 29, 1976	January 3, 1977	5 days	Elected in the 1976 election.	1976 1982 1988	Jim Rhodes (R)	Robert Taft Jr. (R)	^[157]
California (Class 1)	S. I. Hayakawa (R)	January 2, 1977	January 3, 1977	1 day	Elected in the 1976 election.	1976	Jerry Brown (D)	John V. Tunney (D)	^[238]
Montana (Class 2)	Max Baucus (D)	December 15, 1978	January 3, 1979	19 days	Elected in the 1978 election.	1978 1984 1990 1996 2002 2008	Thomas Lee Judge (D)	Paul G. Hatfield (D)^{[note 17]}	^[239]
Kansas (Class 2)	Nancy Kassebaum (R)	December 23, 1978	January 3, 1979	11 days	Elected in the 1978 election.	1978 1984 1990	Robert Frederick Bennett (R)	James B. Pearson (R)	^[240]
Mississippi (Class 2)	Thad Cochran (R)	December 27, 1978	January 3, 1979	7 days	Elected in the 1978 election.	1978 1984 1990 1996 2002 2008 2014	Cliff Finch (D)	James Eastland (D)	^[241]
Minnesota (Class 2)	Rudy Boschwitz (R)	December 30, 1978	January 3, 1979	4 days	Elected in the 1978 election.	1978 1984	Rudy Perpich (DFL)	Wendell R. Anderson (DFL)^{[note 18]}	^[242]
Wyoming (Class 2)	Alan Simpson (R)	January 1, 1979	January 3, 1979	2 days	Elected in the 1978 election.	1978 1984 1990	Edgar Herschler (D)	Clifford Hansen (R)	^[243]
Virginia (Class 2)	John Warner (R)	January 2, 1979	January 3, 1979	1 day	Elected in the 1978 election.	1978 1984 1990 1996 2002	John Dalton (R)	William L. Scott (R)	^[244]
New Hampshire (Class 3)	Warren Rudman (R)	December 30, 1980	January 3, 1981	4 days	Elected in the 1980 election.	1980 1986	Hugh Gallen (D)	John A. Durkin (D)^{[note 19]}	^[245]
Florida (Class 3)	Paula Hawkins (R)	January 1, 1981	January 3, 1981	2 days	Elected in the 1980 election.	1980	Bob Graham (D)	Richard Stone (D)	^[246]
Alabama (Class 3)	Jeremiah Denton (R)	January 2, 1981	January 3, 1981	1 day	Elected in the 1980 election.	1980	Fob James (D)	Donald Stewart (D)^{[note 20]}	^[247]
New Jersey (Class 1)	Frank Lautenberg (D)	December 27, 1982	January 3, 1983	7 days	Elected in the 1982 election.	1982 1988 1994 2002 2008	Thomas Kean (R)	Nicholas F. Brady (R)	^[248]
Massachusetts (Class 2)	John Kerry (D)	January 2, 1985	January 3, 1985	1 day	Elected in the 1984 election.	1984 1990 1996 2002 2008	Michael Dukakis (D)	Paul Tsongas (D)	^[249]
New Hampshire (Class 2)	Bob Smith (R)	December 7, 1990	January 3, 1991	27 days	Elected in the 1990 election.	1990 1996	Judd Gregg (R)	Gordon J. Humphrey (R)	^[250]
North Dakota (Class 3)	Byron Dorgan (D-NPL)	December 14, 1992	January 3, 1993	20 days	Elected in the 1992 election.	1992 1998 2004	George A. Sinner (D-NPL)	Kent Conrad (D-NPL)	^[251]
Texas (Class 2)	John Cornyn (R)	December 2, 2002	January 3, 2003	32 days	Elected in the 2002 election.	2002 2008 2014 2020	Rick Perry (R)	Phil Gramm (R)	^[252]
New Jersey (Class 1)	Andy Kim (D)	December 8, 2024	January 3, 2025	26 days	Elected in the 2024 election.	2024	Phil Murphy (D)	George Helmy (D)^{[note 21]}	^[253]
California (Class 1)	Adam Schiff (D)	December 8, 2024	January 3, 2025	26 days	Elected in the 2024 elections.	2024	Gavin Newsom (D)	Laphonza Butler (D)^{[note 22]}	^[254]
State (Class)	Senator-elect^[209]	Term start^{[note 2]}	Term end	Tenure	Immediate election preceding appointment	Elections won	Appointed by	Original senator	Ref.
State (Class)	Senator-elect^[209]	Tenure of appointee serving within the unexpired term^{[note 1]}			Electoral history		Appointed by	Original senator	Ref.

Notes

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d "Unexpired terms occur when there is a vacancy due to death or resignation and a senator is either appointed or elected for the term remaining." – The Term of Senator: When Does It Begin and End? Archived December 12, 2018, at the Wayback Machine
Terms of senators who are reelected in subsequent scheduled elections are not reflected in the tenure listed in this table.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Determined by the commencement of the Senate term, as according to the chronological list of Senators Archived December 12, 2018, at the Wayback Machine.
^ The Senate seat was first vacated by William E. Crow. David A. Reed was appointed to the seat after the previous interim appointee, Philander C. Knox, died.
^ The Senate seat was first vacated by Frank B. Willis. Roscoe C. McCulloch was appointed to the seat early after the previous incumbent, Theodore E. Burton, died.
^ ^a ^b ^c Senator-elect
^ The Senate seat was first vacated by Hugo Black. J. Lister Hill was appointed to the seat after the previous interim appointee, Dixie Bibb Graves, resigned.
^ The Senate seat was first vacated by James F. Byrnes. Roger C. Peace was appointed to the seat after the previous interim appointee, Alva M. Lumpkin, died.
^ The Senate seat was first vacated by Kenneth S. Wherry. Eva Bowring was appointed to the seat early after the previous incumbent, Dwight Griswold, died.
^ The Senate seat was first vacated by John McCain. Martha McSally was appointed to the seat after the previous interim appointee, Jon Kyl, resigned.
^ The Senate seat was first vacated by Monrad Wallgren. Harry P. Cain was appointed to the seat early after the previous interim appointee, Hugh Mitchell, lost election to a full term.
^ Senator Strom Thurmond was originally elected as a Democrat in 1954, but as a write-in candidate, then resigned, and then won a special election in 1956 and 1960 before switching to a Republican in 1964. Thurmond won re-election as a Republican in 1966, 1972, 1978, 1984, 1990 and 1996.
^ The Senate seat was first vacated by Burnet R. Maybank. Strom Thurmond was appointed to the seat early after the previous interim appointee, Charles E. Daniel, resigned.
^ The Senate seat was first vacated by Dwight Griswold, in which it was originally vacated by Kenneth S. Wherry. Carl Curtis was appointed to the seat early after the previous interim appointee, Eva Bowring, retired.
^ The Senate seat was first vacated by Clair Engle. George Murphy was appointed to the seat early after the previous interim appointee, Pierre Salinger, lost election to a full term.
^ The Senate seat was first vacated by Allen J. Ellender. J. Bennett Johnston was appointed to the seat early after the previous interim appointee, Elaine Edwards, retired.
^ The Senate seat was first vacated by William B. Saxbe. John Glenn was appointed to the seat early after the previous interim appointee, Howard Metzenbaum, lost nomination to a full term.
^ The Senate seat was first vacated by Lee Metcalf. Max Baucus was appointed to the seat early after the previous interim appointee, Paul G. Hatfield, lost nomination to a full term.
^ The Senate seat was first vacated by Walter Mondale. Rudy Boschwitz was appointed to the seat early after the previous interim appointee, Wendell R. Anderson, lost election to a full term.
^ The Senate seat was first vacated after the start of the contested term. Warren Rudman was appointed to the seat early after the previous incumbent, John A. Durkin, resigned.
^ The Senate seat was first vacated by James Allen. Jeremiah Denton was appointed to the seat early after the previous incumbent, Donald Stewart, lost renomination to the full term.
^ The Senate seat was first vacated by Bob Menendez. Andy Kim was appointed to the seat early after the previous interim appointee, George Helmy, resigned.
^ The Senate seat was first vacated by Dianne Feinstein. Adam Schiff was appointed to the seat early after the previous interim appointee, Laphonza Butler, retired.

References

^ ^a ^b "The Constitution of the United States Amendments 11–27". National Archives and Records Administration. Archived from the original on May 5, 2009. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ ^a ^b ^c "U.S. Senate Vacancies: Contemporary Developments and Perspectives".
^ Mulkern, Anne C. (November 24, 2008). "Senators giving "out of office" goodbyes". The Denver Post. Archived from the original on December 14, 2018. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "GOP Seeks Fruits of Victory as 97th Convenes". CQ Almanac Online Edition. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ Rakich, Nathaniel (January 29, 2018). "We've Never Seen Congressional Resignations Like This Before". FiveThirtyEight. Archived from the original on December 14, 2018. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "U.S. Senate: Senators Who Have Died in Office". United States Senate. Archived from the original on December 23, 2018. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ ^a ^b ^c "U.S. Senate: Appointed Senators". United States Senate. Archived from the original on December 14, 2018. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "WEST, William Stanley - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on May 31, 2008. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "CAMDEN, Johnson Newlon, Jr. - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on December 5, 2010. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "TAGGART, Thomas - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on December 5, 2010. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ ^a ^b "McNARY, Charles Linza - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on February 16, 2013. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "HENDERSON, Charles Belknap - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on October 24, 2012. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "NUGENT, John Frost - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on September 22, 2018. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "BAIRD, David - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on December 5, 2010. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "GUION, Walter - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on September 22, 2018. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "WILFLEY, Xenophon Pierce - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on December 31, 2018. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "BENET, Christie - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on September 27, 2012. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "DREW, Irving Webster - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on February 22, 2014. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "MARTIN, George Brown - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on September 22, 2018. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "GLASS, Carter - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on September 22, 2018. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "COMER, Braxton Bragg - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on April 16, 2009. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "BURSUM, Holm Olaf - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on September 22, 2018. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "du PONT, Thomas Coleman - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on September 26, 2011. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "CROW, William Evans - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on July 14, 2014. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "PEPPER, George Wharton - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on October 25, 2012. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "RAWSON, Charles Augustus - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on June 28, 2006. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "REED, David Aiken - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on September 25, 2012. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "FELTON, Rebecca Latimer - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on March 3, 2016. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "COUZENS, James - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on May 2, 2011. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "ADAMS, Alva Blanchard - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on December 5, 2010. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "BUTLER, William Morgan - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on October 19, 2012. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "WILLIAMS, George Henry - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on September 22, 2018. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "ROBINSON, Arthur Raymond - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on April 6, 2011. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "NYE, Gerald Prentice - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on October 25, 2018. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "STEWART, David Wallace - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on September 22, 2018. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "CUTTING, Bronson Murray - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on July 7, 2017. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "VANDENBERG, Arthur Hendrick - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on June 28, 2011. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "LOCHER, Cyrus - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on October 26, 2012. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ ^a ^b "THOMAS, John - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on December 5, 2010. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "HASTINGS, Daniel Oren - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on November 23, 2005. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "ALLEN, Henry Justin - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "BROCK, William Emerson - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on March 25, 2009. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "McCULLOCH, Roscoe Conkling - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on September 22, 2018. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "BAIRD, David, Jr. - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on September 17, 2011. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "SULLIVAN, Patrick Joseph - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on October 10, 2012. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "GRUNDY, Joseph Ridgway - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on August 29, 2012. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "ROBSION, John Marshall - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on September 22, 2018. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "MORRISON, Cameron A. - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on September 22, 2018. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "PARTRIDGE, Frank Charles - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on September 20, 2014. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "CARAWAY, Hattie Wyatt - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on March 14, 2015. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "BARBOUR, William Warren - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on December 5, 2010. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "COHEN, John Sanford - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on September 22, 2018. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "WALKER, Walter - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on September 22, 2018. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "GRAMMER, Elijah Sherman - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on September 22, 2018. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "BACHMAN, Nathan Lynn - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on December 6, 2014. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "BYRD, Harry Flood - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on August 4, 2011. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "ERICKSON, John Edward - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on October 24, 2012. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "THOMPSON, William Henry - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on August 4, 2011. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "HATCH, Carl Atwood - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on September 22, 2018. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "GIBSON, Ernest Willard - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on December 5, 2010. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "O'MAHONEY, Joseph Christopher - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on December 18, 2018. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "CHAVEZ, Dennis - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on August 5, 2011. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "BENSON, Elmer Austin - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on December 23, 2018. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "LONG, Rose McConnell - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on February 26, 2009. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "LOFTIN, Scott Marion - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on October 24, 2012. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "HILL, William Luther - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on September 20, 2014. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "HITCHCOCK, Herbert Emery - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on September 22, 2018. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "BERRY, George Leonard - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on September 22, 2018. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "GRAVES, Dixie Bibb - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on October 13, 2012. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "HILL, Joseph Lister - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on October 6, 2018. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "MILTON, John Gerald - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on September 22, 2018. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "REAMES, Alfred Evan - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on October 23, 2012. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "STORKE, Thomas More - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on September 22, 2018. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "SLATTERY, James Michael - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on September 20, 2014. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "CHANDLER, Albert Benjamin (Happy) - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on May 20, 2010. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "GIBSON, Ernest William, Jr. - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on September 22, 2018. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "BALL, Joseph Hurst - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on November 5, 2011. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "BUNKER, Berkeley Lloyd - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on January 31, 2008. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "ROSIER, Joseph - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on September 22, 2018. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "SPENCER, George Lloyd - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on September 22, 2018. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "HOUSTON, Andrew Jackson - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on April 21, 2016. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "EASTLAND, James Oliver - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on September 26, 2011. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "LUMPKIN, Alva Moore - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on October 8, 2012. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "PEACE, Roger Craft - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on September 22, 2018. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "MILLIKIN, Eugene Donald - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on September 22, 2018. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "WALSH, Arthur - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on September 22, 2018. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "JACKSON, Samuel Dillon - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on December 5, 2010. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "WEEKS, Sinclair - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on February 7, 2012. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "CORDON, Guy - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on November 29, 2008. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "HALL, Wilton Earle - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on September 22, 2018. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "MITCHELL, Hugh Burnton - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on November 2, 2012. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "BRIGGS, Frank Parks - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on September 22, 2018. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "HART, Thomas Charles - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on February 26, 2009. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "YOUNG, Milton Ruben - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on September 22, 2018. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "CARVILLE, Edward Peter - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on December 6, 2014. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "KNOWLAND, William Fife - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on December 2, 2013. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "HUFFMAN, James Wylie - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on September 22, 2018. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "GOSSETT, Charles Clinton - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on October 24, 2012. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "STANFILL, William Abner - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on September 22, 2018. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "BURCH, Thomas Granville - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on March 3, 2016. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "SWIFT, George Robinson - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on September 22, 2018. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "HOLLAND, Spessard Lindsey - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on September 22, 2018. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "FLANDERS, Ralph Edward - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on February 6, 2006. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "UMSTEAD, William Bradley - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on September 22, 2018. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "FEAZEL, William Crosson - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on September 22, 2018. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "BUSHFIELD, Vera Cahalan - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on October 24, 2012. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "WITHERS, Garrett Lee - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on September 22, 2018. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "GRAHAM, Frank Porter - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on March 27, 2008. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "DULLES, John Foster - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on September 26, 2018. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "LEAHY, Edward Laurence - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on September 22, 2018. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "DWORSHAK, Henry Clarence - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on September 22, 2018. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "DARBY, Harry - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on March 3, 2016. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "BENTON, William - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on July 7, 2017. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "UNDERWOOD, Thomas Rust - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on September 22, 2018. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "MOODY, Arthur Edson Blair - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on December 8, 2010. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "SEATON, Frederick Andrew - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on December 5, 2010. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "PURTELL, William Arthur - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on August 4, 2010. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "KUCHEL, Thomas Henry - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on January 6, 2010. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "LENNON, Alton Asa - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on September 22, 2018. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "UPTON, Robert William - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on September 20, 2014. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "BURKE, Thomas A. - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on September 22, 2018. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "BOWRING, Eva Kelly - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on October 24, 2012. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "ERVIN, Samuel James, Jr. - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on December 12, 2012. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "CRIPPA, Edward David - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on December 5, 2010. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "REYNOLDS, Samuel Williams - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on July 20, 2006. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "DANIEL, Charles Ezra - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on September 22, 2018. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "BROWN, Ernest S. - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on September 22, 2018. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "LAIRD, William Ramsey, III - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on February 7, 2012. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "WOFFORD, Thomas Albert - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on December 5, 2010. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "HUMPHREYS, Robert - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on September 22, 2018. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ ^a ^b "BLAKLEY, William Arvis - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on September 18, 2012. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "HOBLITZELL, John Dempsey, Jr. - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on September 22, 2018. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "JORDAN, Benjamin Everett - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on November 2, 2012. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "BRUNSDALE, Clarence Norman - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on September 19, 2012. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "LUSK, Hall Stoner - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on December 2, 2009. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "LONG, Edward Vaughn - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on September 22, 2018. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "SMITH, Benjamin A. II - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on October 18, 2012. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "HICKEY, John Joseph - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on October 24, 2012. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "MURPHY, Maurice J., Jr. - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on December 5, 2010. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "PEARSON, James Blackwood - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on April 9, 2016. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "BOTTUM, Joseph H. - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on October 24, 2012. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "JORDAN, Leonard Beck (Len) - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on October 26, 2012. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "MECHEM, Edwin Leard - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on August 8, 2009. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "EDMONDSON, James Howard - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on September 22, 2018. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "WALTERS, Herbert Sanford - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on October 24, 2012. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "SALINGER, Pierre Emil George - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on November 16, 2018. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "MONDALE, Walter Frederick - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on September 22, 2018. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "RUSSELL, Donald Stuart - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on July 7, 2017. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "BYRD, Harry Flood, Jr. - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on January 20, 2011. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "GRIFFIN, Robert Paul - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on October 24, 2012. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "GOODELL, Charles Ellsworth - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on November 2, 2012. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "STEVENS, Theodore Fulton (Ted) - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on November 12, 2012. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "SMITH, Ralph Tyler - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on September 22, 2018. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "GAMBRELL, David Henry - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on October 25, 2012. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "STAFFORD, Robert Theodore - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on October 19, 2012. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "EDWARDS, Elaine Schwartzenburg - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on March 2, 2013. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ ^a ^b "METZENBAUM, Howard Morton - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on December 6, 2016. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "WYMAN, Louis Crosby - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on December 14, 2017. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "COTTON, Norris H. - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on September 22, 2018. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "ANDERSON, Wendell Richard - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on January 20, 2011. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "HODGES, Kaneaster, Jr. - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on September 22, 2018. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "HATFIELD, Paul Gerhart - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on October 16, 2012. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "HUMPHREY, Muriel Buck - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on September 8, 2016. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "ALLEN, Maryon Pittman - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on November 2, 2012. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "MITCHELL, George John - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on October 5, 2012. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "BRADY, Nicholas Frederick - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on September 20, 2014. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "EVANS, Daniel Jackson - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on September 23, 2011. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "BROYHILL, James Thomas - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on May 29, 2008. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "KARNES, David Kemp - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on September 22, 2018. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "COATS, Daniel Ray - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on June 28, 2011. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "AKAKA, Daniel Kahikina - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on November 29, 2011. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "SEYMOUR, John - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on September 22, 2018. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "WOFFORD, Harris - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on October 3, 2017. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "BURDICK, Jocelyn Birch - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on June 30, 2008. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "MATHEWS, Harlan - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on November 21, 2018. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "KRUEGER, Robert Charles - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on November 20, 2018. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "FRAHM, Sheila - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on April 4, 2011. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "CHAFEE, Lincoln Davenport - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on October 17, 2012. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "MILLER, Zell Bryan - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on September 17, 2011. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "CARNAHAN, Jean - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on July 12, 2014. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "BARKLEY, Dean - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on June 11, 2011. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "MURKOWSKI, Lisa - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on July 11, 2010. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "MENENDEZ, Robert - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on November 3, 2011. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "BARRASSO, John A. - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on February 10, 2017. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "WICKER, Roger F. - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on September 28, 2011. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "BURRIS, Roland - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on January 30, 2009. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "KAUFMAN, Edward E. (Ted) - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on September 14, 2011. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "BENNET, Michael F. - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on June 4, 2011. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "GILLIBRAND, Kirsten - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on February 10, 2017. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "LEMIEUX, George S. - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on September 22, 2018. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "KIRK, Paul G., Jr. - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on September 22, 2018. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "GOODWIN, Carte P. - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on November 19, 2018. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "HELLER, Dean - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on March 15, 2012. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "SCHATZ, Brian Emanuel - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on November 9, 2018. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "SCOTT, Tim - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on November 2, 2012. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "COWAN, William (Mo) - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on December 6, 2014. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "CHIESA, Jeffrey Scott - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on September 22, 2018. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "WALSH, John E. - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on July 7, 2017. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "STRANGE, Luther Johnson, III - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on August 7, 2017. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "SMITH, Tina - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on September 22, 2018. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "HYDE-SMITH, Cindy - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on November 9, 2018. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "KYL, Jon Llewellyn - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on February 21, 2011. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "McSALLY, Martha - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on September 27, 2018. Retrieved December 18, 2018.
^ Costa, Robert (December 3, 2019). "Georgia Gov. Kemp taps business executive Kelly Loeffler for Senate seat, with an emphasis on boosting Trump". The Washington Post. Retrieved December 4, 2019.
^ Kapur, Sahil. "Dianne Feinstein wants Alex Padilla to replace Kamala Harris in Senate". NBC News. Archived from the original on December 23, 2020. Retrieved December 11, 2020.
^ Wang, Amy (January 12, 2023). "Ex-Neb. governor Pete Ricketts appointed to replace Sen. Ben Sasse". The Washington Post. Retrieved March 16, 2023.
^ Rosenhall, Laurel; Mehta, Seema (1 October 2023). "Newsom taps Laphonza Butler for Feinstein's Senate seat". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on October 2, 2023. Retrieved October 1, 2023.
^ "Gov. Murphy names George Helmy to replace Bob Menendez as NJ senator". ABC News. Retrieved 2024-08-16.
^ ^a ^b FiveThirtyEight. "Congressional Resignations". GitHub. Archived from the original on January 10, 2019. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "WILLIS, Frank Bartlett - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on May 29, 2008. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "GOODING, Frank Robert - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on July 7, 2012. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "DENEEN, Charles Samuel - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on February 16, 2013. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "CLARK, Joel Bennett - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on July 14, 2014. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "BROWN, Prentiss Marsh - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on October 24, 2012. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "WALLGREN, Monrad Charles - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on August 5, 2010. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "MAGNUSON, Warren Grant - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on December 12, 2012. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "CAIN, Harry Pulliam - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on January 6, 2010. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "MUNDT, Karl Earl - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on September 22, 2018. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "NIXON, Richard Milhous - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on November 2, 2012. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "THURMOND, James Strom - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on September 18, 2011. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "CURTIS, Carl Thomas - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on October 26, 2012. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "MURPHY, George Lloyd - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on June 28, 2011. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "SPONG, William Belser, Jr. - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on September 26, 2018. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "COOK, Marlow Webster - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on August 4, 2011. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "EAGLETON, Thomas Francis - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on October 25, 2012. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "ROTH, William Victor, Jr. - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on September 18, 2011. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "TUNNEY, John Varick - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on July 30, 2014. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "JOHNSTON, John Bennett, Jr. - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on July 2, 2011. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "LAXALT, Paul Dominque - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on September 22, 2018. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "GARN, Edwin Jacob (Jake) - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on August 31, 2013. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "GLENN, John Herschel, Jr. - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on September 22, 2018. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "FORD, Wendell Hampton - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on January 9, 2014. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "STONE, Richard Bernard - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on October 24, 2012. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "RIEGLE, Donald Wayne, Jr. - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on August 19, 2011. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "DANFORTH, John Claggett - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on August 22, 2017. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "ZORINSKY, Edward - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on December 5, 2010. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "CHAFEE, John Hubbard - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on October 8, 2011. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "HAYAKAWA, Samuel Ichiye - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on December 14, 2013. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "BAUCUS, Max Sieben - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on November 2, 2012. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "KASSEBAUM, Nancy Landon - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on August 7, 2017. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "COCHRAN, William Thad - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on February 1, 2017. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "BOSCHWITZ, Rudolph Eli (Rudy) - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on January 20, 2011. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "SIMPSON, Alan Kooi - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on September 19, 2011. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "WARNER, John William - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on December 5, 2010. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "RUDMAN, Warren Bruce - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on April 30, 2009. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "HAWKINS, Paula - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on January 12, 2008. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "DENTON, Jeremiah Andrew, Jr. - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on February 25, 2009. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "LAUTENBERG, Frank Raleigh - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on June 4, 2011. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "KERRY, John Forbes - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on March 31, 2016. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "SMITH, Robert C. - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on August 13, 2014. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "DORGAN, Byron Leslie - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on September 22, 2018. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "CORNYN, John - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on November 2, 2012. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^ "KIM, Andy - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Retrieved December 3, 2024.
^ "SCHIFF, Adam - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Retrieved December 10, 2024.

External links

Appointed Senators, United States Senate
Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress
U.S. Senate Vacancies: Contemporary Developments and Perspectives, a report produced by the Congressional Research Service

[requirement1-3] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Requires the governor to appoint a replacement senator from the same party as the previous incumbent.

[requirement2-4] Requires the governor to select a candidate from a list of three prospective appointees submitted by the political party of the previous incumbent.

[unexpired_term-12] "Unexpired terms occur when there is a vacancy due to death or resignation and a senator is either appointed or elected for the term remaining." – The Term of Senator: When Does It Begin and End? Archived December 12, 2018, at the Wayback Machine
Terms of senators who are reelected in subsequent scheduled elections are not reflected in the tenure listed in this table.

[term_start-13] Determined by the commencement of the Senate term, as according to the chronological list of Senators Archived December 12, 2018, at the Wayback Machine.

[33] The Senate seat was first vacated by William E. Crow. David A. Reed was appointed to the seat after the previous interim appointee, Philander C. Knox, died.

[McCulloch-50] The Senate seat was first vacated by Frank B. Willis. Roscoe C. McCulloch was appointed to the seat early after the previous incumbent, Theodore E. Burton, died.

[elect-54] Senator-elect

[79] The Senate seat was first vacated by Hugo Black. J. Lister Hill was appointed to the seat after the previous interim appointee, Dixie Bibb Graves, resigned.

[94] The Senate seat was first vacated by James F. Byrnes. Roger C. Peace was appointed to the seat after the previous interim appointee, Alva M. Lumpkin, died.

[Wherry-133] The Senate seat was first vacated by Kenneth S. Wherry. Eva Bowring was appointed to the seat early after the previous incumbent, Dwight Griswold, died.

[215] The Senate seat was first vacated by John McCain. Martha McSally was appointed to the seat after the previous interim appointee, Jon Kyl, resigned.

[Cain-230] The Senate seat was first vacated by Monrad Wallgren. Harry P. Cain was appointed to the seat early after the previous interim appointee, Hugh Mitchell, lost election to a full term.

[strom-234] Senator Strom Thurmond was originally elected as a Democrat in 1954, but as a write-in candidate, then resigned, and then won a special election in 1956 and 1960 before switching to a Republican in 1964. Thurmond won re-election as a Republican in 1966, 1972, 1978, 1984, 1990 and 1996.

[Thurmond-235] The Senate seat was first vacated by Burnet R. Maybank. Strom Thurmond was appointed to the seat early after the previous interim appointee, Charles E. Daniel, resigned.

[Curtis-237] The Senate seat was first vacated by Dwight Griswold, in which it was originally vacated by Kenneth S. Wherry. Carl Curtis was appointed to the seat early after the previous interim appointee, Eva Bowring, retired.

[Murphy-239] The Senate seat was first vacated by Clair Engle. George Murphy was appointed to the seat early after the previous interim appointee, Pierre Salinger, lost election to a full term.

[Johnston-246] The Senate seat was first vacated by Allen J. Ellender. J. Bennett Johnston was appointed to the seat early after the previous interim appointee, Elaine Edwards, retired.

[Glenn-250] The Senate seat was first vacated by William B. Saxbe. John Glenn was appointed to the seat early after the previous interim appointee, Howard Metzenbaum, lost nomination to a full term.

[Baucus-259] The Senate seat was first vacated by Lee Metcalf. Max Baucus was appointed to the seat early after the previous interim appointee, Paul G. Hatfield, lost nomination to a full term.

[Boschwitz-263] The Senate seat was first vacated by Walter Mondale. Rudy Boschwitz was appointed to the seat early after the previous interim appointee, Wendell R. Anderson, lost election to a full term.

[Rudman-267] The Senate seat was first vacated after the start of the contested term. Warren Rudman was appointed to the seat early after the previous incumbent, John A. Durkin, resigned.

[Denton-270] The Senate seat was first vacated by James Allen. Jeremiah Denton was appointed to the seat early after the previous incumbent, Donald Stewart, lost renomination to the full term.

[Helmy-277] The Senate seat was first vacated by Bob Menendez. Andy Kim was appointed to the seat early after the previous interim appointee, George Helmy, resigned.

[Butler-279] The Senate seat was first vacated by Dianne Feinstein. Adam Schiff was appointed to the seat early after the previous interim appointee, Laphonza Butler, retired.

[17th-1] "The Constitution of the United States Amendments 11–27". National Archives and Records Administration. Archived from the original on May 5, 2009. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[crs-2] "U.S. Senate Vacancies: Contemporary Developments and Perspectives".

[7] Mulkern, Anne C. (November 24, 2008). "Senators giving "out of office" goodbyes". The Denver Post. Archived from the original on December 14, 2018. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[8] "GOP Seeks Fruits of Victory as 97th Convenes". CQ Almanac Online Edition. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[9] Rakich, Nathaniel (January 29, 2018). "We've Never Seen Congressional Resignations Like This Before". FiveThirtyEight. Archived from the original on December 14, 2018. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[10] "U.S. Senate: Senators Who Have Died in Office". United States Senate. Archived from the original on December 23, 2018. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[us_senate-11] "U.S. Senate: Appointed Senators". United States Senate. Archived from the original on December 14, 2018. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[14] "WEST, William Stanley - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on May 31, 2008. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[15] "CAMDEN, Johnson Newlon, Jr. - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on December 5, 2010. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[16] "TAGGART, Thomas - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on December 5, 2010. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[bioguide.congress.gov-17] "McNARY, Charles Linza - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on February 16, 2013. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[18] "HENDERSON, Charles Belknap - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on October 24, 2012. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[19] "NUGENT, John Frost - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on September 22, 2018. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[20] "BAIRD, David - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on December 5, 2010. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[21] "GUION, Walter - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on September 22, 2018. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[22] "WILFLEY, Xenophon Pierce - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on December 31, 2018. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[23] "BENET, Christie - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on September 27, 2012. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[24] "DREW, Irving Webster - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on February 22, 2014. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[25] "MARTIN, George Brown - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on September 22, 2018. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[26] "GLASS, Carter - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on September 22, 2018. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[27] "COMER, Braxton Bragg - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on April 16, 2009. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[28] "BURSUM, Holm Olaf - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on September 22, 2018. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[29] "du PONT, Thomas Coleman - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on September 26, 2011. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[30] "CROW, William Evans - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on July 14, 2014. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[31] "PEPPER, George Wharton - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on October 25, 2012. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[32] "RAWSON, Charles Augustus - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on June 28, 2006. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[34] "REED, David Aiken - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on September 25, 2012. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[35] "FELTON, Rebecca Latimer - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on March 3, 2016. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[36] "COUZENS, James - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on May 2, 2011. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[37] "ADAMS, Alva Blanchard - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on December 5, 2010. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[38] "BUTLER, William Morgan - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on October 19, 2012. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[39] "WILLIAMS, George Henry - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on September 22, 2018. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[40] "ROBINSON, Arthur Raymond - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on April 6, 2011. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[41] "NYE, Gerald Prentice - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on October 25, 2018. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[42] "STEWART, David Wallace - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on September 22, 2018. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[43] "CUTTING, Bronson Murray - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on July 7, 2017. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[44] "VANDENBERG, Arthur Hendrick - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on June 28, 2011. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[45] "LOCHER, Cyrus - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on October 26, 2012. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[ReferenceA-46] "THOMAS, John - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on December 5, 2010. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[47] "HASTINGS, Daniel Oren - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on November 23, 2005. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[48] "ALLEN, Henry Justin - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[49] "BROCK, William Emerson - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on March 25, 2009. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[51] "McCULLOCH, Roscoe Conkling - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on September 22, 2018. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[52] "BAIRD, David, Jr. - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on September 17, 2011. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[53] "SULLIVAN, Patrick Joseph - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on October 10, 2012. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[55] "GRUNDY, Joseph Ridgway - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on August 29, 2012. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[56] "ROBSION, John Marshall - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on September 22, 2018. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[57] "MORRISON, Cameron A. - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on September 22, 2018. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[58] "PARTRIDGE, Frank Charles - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on September 20, 2014. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[59] "CARAWAY, Hattie Wyatt - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on March 14, 2015. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[60] "BARBOUR, William Warren - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on December 5, 2010. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[61] "COHEN, John Sanford - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on September 22, 2018. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[62] "WALKER, Walter - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on September 22, 2018. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[63] "GRAMMER, Elijah Sherman - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on September 22, 2018. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[64] "BACHMAN, Nathan Lynn - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on December 6, 2014. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[65] "BYRD, Harry Flood - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on August 4, 2011. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[66] "ERICKSON, John Edward - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on October 24, 2012. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[67] "THOMPSON, William Henry - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on August 4, 2011. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[68] "HATCH, Carl Atwood - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on September 22, 2018. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[69] "GIBSON, Ernest Willard - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on December 5, 2010. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[70] "O'MAHONEY, Joseph Christopher - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on December 18, 2018. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[71] "CHAVEZ, Dennis - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on August 5, 2011. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[72] "BENSON, Elmer Austin - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on December 23, 2018. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[73] "LONG, Rose McConnell - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on February 26, 2009. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[74] "LOFTIN, Scott Marion - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on October 24, 2012. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[75] "HILL, William Luther - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on September 20, 2014. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[76] "HITCHCOCK, Herbert Emery - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on September 22, 2018. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[77] "BERRY, George Leonard - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on September 22, 2018. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[78] "GRAVES, Dixie Bibb - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on October 13, 2012. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[80] "HILL, Joseph Lister - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on October 6, 2018. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[81] "MILTON, John Gerald - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on September 22, 2018. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[82] "REAMES, Alfred Evan - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on October 23, 2012. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[83] "STORKE, Thomas More - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on September 22, 2018. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[84] "SLATTERY, James Michael - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on September 20, 2014. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[85] "CHANDLER, Albert Benjamin (Happy) - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on May 20, 2010. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[86] "GIBSON, Ernest William, Jr. - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on September 22, 2018. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[87] "BALL, Joseph Hurst - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on November 5, 2011. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[88] "BUNKER, Berkeley Lloyd - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on January 31, 2008. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[89] "ROSIER, Joseph - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on September 22, 2018. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[90] "SPENCER, George Lloyd - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on September 22, 2018. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[91] "HOUSTON, Andrew Jackson - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on April 21, 2016. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[92] "EASTLAND, James Oliver - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on September 26, 2011. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[93] "LUMPKIN, Alva Moore - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on October 8, 2012. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[95] "PEACE, Roger Craft - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on September 22, 2018. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[96] "MILLIKIN, Eugene Donald - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on September 22, 2018. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[97] "WALSH, Arthur - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on September 22, 2018. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[98] "JACKSON, Samuel Dillon - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on December 5, 2010. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[99] "WEEKS, Sinclair - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on February 7, 2012. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[100] "CORDON, Guy - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on November 29, 2008. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[101] "HALL, Wilton Earle - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on September 22, 2018. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[102] "MITCHELL, Hugh Burnton - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on November 2, 2012. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[103] "BRIGGS, Frank Parks - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on September 22, 2018. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[104] "HART, Thomas Charles - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on February 26, 2009. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[105] "YOUNG, Milton Ruben - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on September 22, 2018. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[106] "CARVILLE, Edward Peter - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on December 6, 2014. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[107] "KNOWLAND, William Fife - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on December 2, 2013. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[108] "HUFFMAN, James Wylie - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on September 22, 2018. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[109] "GOSSETT, Charles Clinton - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on October 24, 2012. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[110] "STANFILL, William Abner - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on September 22, 2018. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[111] "BURCH, Thomas Granville - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on March 3, 2016. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[112] "SWIFT, George Robinson - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on September 22, 2018. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[113] "HOLLAND, Spessard Lindsey - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on September 22, 2018. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[114] "FLANDERS, Ralph Edward - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on February 6, 2006. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[115] "UMSTEAD, William Bradley - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on September 22, 2018. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[116] "FEAZEL, William Crosson - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on September 22, 2018. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[117] "BUSHFIELD, Vera Cahalan - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on October 24, 2012. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[118] "WITHERS, Garrett Lee - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on September 22, 2018. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[119] "GRAHAM, Frank Porter - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on March 27, 2008. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[120] "DULLES, John Foster - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on September 26, 2018. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[121] "LEAHY, Edward Laurence - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on September 22, 2018. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[122] "DWORSHAK, Henry Clarence - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on September 22, 2018. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[123] "DARBY, Harry - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on March 3, 2016. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[124] "BENTON, William - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on July 7, 2017. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[125] "UNDERWOOD, Thomas Rust - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on September 22, 2018. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[126] "MOODY, Arthur Edson Blair - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on December 8, 2010. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[127] "SEATON, Frederick Andrew - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on December 5, 2010. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[128] "PURTELL, William Arthur - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on August 4, 2010. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[129] "KUCHEL, Thomas Henry - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on January 6, 2010. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[130] "LENNON, Alton Asa - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on September 22, 2018. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[131] "UPTON, Robert William - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on September 20, 2014. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[132] "BURKE, Thomas A. - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on September 22, 2018. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[134] "BOWRING, Eva Kelly - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on October 24, 2012. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[135] "ERVIN, Samuel James, Jr. - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on December 12, 2012. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[136] "CRIPPA, Edward David - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on December 5, 2010. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[137] "REYNOLDS, Samuel Williams - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on July 20, 2006. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[138] "DANIEL, Charles Ezra - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on September 22, 2018. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[139] "BROWN, Ernest S. - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on September 22, 2018. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[140] "LAIRD, William Ramsey, III - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on February 7, 2012. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[141] "WOFFORD, Thomas Albert - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on December 5, 2010. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[142] "HUMPHREYS, Robert - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on September 22, 2018. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[ReferenceB-143] "BLAKLEY, William Arvis - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on September 18, 2012. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[144] "HOBLITZELL, John Dempsey, Jr. - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on September 22, 2018. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[145] "JORDAN, Benjamin Everett - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on November 2, 2012. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[146] "BRUNSDALE, Clarence Norman - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on September 19, 2012. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[147] "LUSK, Hall Stoner - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on December 2, 2009. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[148] "LONG, Edward Vaughn - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on September 22, 2018. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[149] "SMITH, Benjamin A. II - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on October 18, 2012. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[150] "HICKEY, John Joseph - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on October 24, 2012. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[151] "MURPHY, Maurice J., Jr. - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on December 5, 2010. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[152] "PEARSON, James Blackwood - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on April 9, 2016. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[153] "BOTTUM, Joseph H. - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on October 24, 2012. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[154] "JORDAN, Leonard Beck (Len) - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on October 26, 2012. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[155] "MECHEM, Edwin Leard - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on August 8, 2009. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[156] "EDMONDSON, James Howard - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on September 22, 2018. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[157] "WALTERS, Herbert Sanford - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on October 24, 2012. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[158] "SALINGER, Pierre Emil George - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on November 16, 2018. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[159] "MONDALE, Walter Frederick - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on September 22, 2018. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[160] "RUSSELL, Donald Stuart - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on July 7, 2017. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[161] "BYRD, Harry Flood, Jr. - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on January 20, 2011. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[162] "GRIFFIN, Robert Paul - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on October 24, 2012. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[163] "GOODELL, Charles Ellsworth - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on November 2, 2012. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[164] "STEVENS, Theodore Fulton (Ted) - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on November 12, 2012. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[165] "SMITH, Ralph Tyler - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on September 22, 2018. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[166] "GAMBRELL, David Henry - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on October 25, 2012. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[167] "STAFFORD, Robert Theodore - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on October 19, 2012. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[168] "EDWARDS, Elaine Schwartzenburg - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on March 2, 2013. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[ReferenceC-169] "METZENBAUM, Howard Morton - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on December 6, 2016. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[170] "WYMAN, Louis Crosby - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on December 14, 2017. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[171] "COTTON, Norris H. - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on September 22, 2018. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[172] "ANDERSON, Wendell Richard - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on January 20, 2011. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[173] "HODGES, Kaneaster, Jr. - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on September 22, 2018. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[174] "HATFIELD, Paul Gerhart - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on October 16, 2012. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[175] "HUMPHREY, Muriel Buck - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on September 8, 2016. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[176] "ALLEN, Maryon Pittman - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on November 2, 2012. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[177] "MITCHELL, George John - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on October 5, 2012. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[178] "BRADY, Nicholas Frederick - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on September 20, 2014. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[179] "EVANS, Daniel Jackson - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on September 23, 2011. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[180] "BROYHILL, James Thomas - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on May 29, 2008. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[181] "KARNES, David Kemp - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on September 22, 2018. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[182] "COATS, Daniel Ray - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on June 28, 2011. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[183] "AKAKA, Daniel Kahikina - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on November 29, 2011. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[184] "SEYMOUR, John - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on September 22, 2018. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[185] "WOFFORD, Harris - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on October 3, 2017. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[186] "BURDICK, Jocelyn Birch - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on June 30, 2008. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[187] "MATHEWS, Harlan - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on November 21, 2018. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[188] "KRUEGER, Robert Charles - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on November 20, 2018. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[189] "FRAHM, Sheila - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on April 4, 2011. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[190] "CHAFEE, Lincoln Davenport - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on October 17, 2012. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[191] "MILLER, Zell Bryan - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on September 17, 2011. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[192] "CARNAHAN, Jean - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on July 12, 2014. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[193] "BARKLEY, Dean - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on June 11, 2011. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[194] "MURKOWSKI, Lisa - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on July 11, 2010. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[195] "MENENDEZ, Robert - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on November 3, 2011. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[196] "BARRASSO, John A. - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on February 10, 2017. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[197] "WICKER, Roger F. - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on September 28, 2011. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[198] "BURRIS, Roland - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on January 30, 2009. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[199] "KAUFMAN, Edward E. (Ted) - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on September 14, 2011. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[200] "BENNET, Michael F. - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on June 4, 2011. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[201] "GILLIBRAND, Kirsten - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on February 10, 2017. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[202] "LEMIEUX, George S. - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on September 22, 2018. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[203] "KIRK, Paul G., Jr. - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on September 22, 2018. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[204] "GOODWIN, Carte P. - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on November 19, 2018. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[205] "HELLER, Dean - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on March 15, 2012. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[206] "SCHATZ, Brian Emanuel - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on November 9, 2018. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[207] "SCOTT, Tim - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on November 2, 2012. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[208] "COWAN, William (Mo) - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on December 6, 2014. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[209] "CHIESA, Jeffrey Scott - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on September 22, 2018. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[210] "WALSH, John E. - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on July 7, 2017. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[211] "STRANGE, Luther Johnson, III - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on August 7, 2017. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[212] "SMITH, Tina - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on September 22, 2018. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[213] "HYDE-SMITH, Cindy - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on November 9, 2018. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[214] "KYL, Jon Llewellyn - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on February 21, 2011. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[216] "McSALLY, Martha - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on September 27, 2018. Retrieved December 18, 2018.

[217] Costa, Robert (December 3, 2019). "Georgia Gov. Kemp taps business executive Kelly Loeffler for Senate seat, with an emphasis on boosting Trump". The Washington Post. Retrieved December 4, 2019.

[218] Kapur, Sahil. "Dianne Feinstein wants Alex Padilla to replace Kamala Harris in Senate". NBC News. Archived from the original on December 23, 2020. Retrieved December 11, 2020.

[219] Wang, Amy (January 12, 2023). "Ex-Neb. governor Pete Ricketts appointed to replace Sen. Ben Sasse". The Washington Post. Retrieved March 16, 2023.

[220] Rosenhall, Laurel; Mehta, Seema (1 October 2023). "Newsom taps Laphonza Butler for Feinstein's Senate seat". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on October 2, 2023. Retrieved October 1, 2023.

[221] "Gov. Murphy names George Helmy to replace Bob Menendez as NJ senator". ABC News. Retrieved 2024-08-16.

[senators-elect-222] FiveThirtyEight. "Congressional Resignations". GitHub. Archived from the original on January 10, 2019. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[223] "WILLIS, Frank Bartlett - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on May 29, 2008. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[224] "GOODING, Frank Robert - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on July 7, 2012. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[225] "DENEEN, Charles Samuel - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on February 16, 2013. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[226] "CLARK, Joel Bennett - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on July 14, 2014. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[227] "BROWN, Prentiss Marsh - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on October 24, 2012. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[228] "WALLGREN, Monrad Charles - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on August 5, 2010. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[229] "MAGNUSON, Warren Grant - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on December 12, 2012. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[231] "CAIN, Harry Pulliam - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on January 6, 2010. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[232] "MUNDT, Karl Earl - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on September 22, 2018. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[233] "NIXON, Richard Milhous - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on November 2, 2012. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[236] "THURMOND, James Strom - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on September 18, 2011. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[238] "CURTIS, Carl Thomas - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on October 26, 2012. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[240] "MURPHY, George Lloyd - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on June 28, 2011. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[241] "SPONG, William Belser, Jr. - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on September 26, 2018. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[242] "COOK, Marlow Webster - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on August 4, 2011. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[243] "EAGLETON, Thomas Francis - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on October 25, 2012. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[244] "ROTH, William Victor, Jr. - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on September 18, 2011. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[245] "TUNNEY, John Varick - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on July 30, 2014. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[247] "JOHNSTON, John Bennett, Jr. - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on July 2, 2011. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[248] "LAXALT, Paul Dominque - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on September 22, 2018. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[249] "GARN, Edwin Jacob (Jake) - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on August 31, 2013. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[251] "GLENN, John Herschel, Jr. - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on September 22, 2018. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[252] "FORD, Wendell Hampton - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on January 9, 2014. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[253] "STONE, Richard Bernard - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on October 24, 2012. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[254] "RIEGLE, Donald Wayne, Jr. - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on August 19, 2011. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[255] "DANFORTH, John Claggett - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on August 22, 2017. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[256] "ZORINSKY, Edward - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on December 5, 2010. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[257] "CHAFEE, John Hubbard - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on October 8, 2011. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[258] "HAYAKAWA, Samuel Ichiye - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on December 14, 2013. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[260] "BAUCUS, Max Sieben - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on November 2, 2012. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[261] "KASSEBAUM, Nancy Landon - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on August 7, 2017. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[262] "COCHRAN, William Thad - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on February 1, 2017. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[264] "BOSCHWITZ, Rudolph Eli (Rudy) - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on January 20, 2011. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[265] "SIMPSON, Alan Kooi - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on September 19, 2011. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[266] "WARNER, John William - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on December 5, 2010. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[268] "RUDMAN, Warren Bruce - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on April 30, 2009. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[269] "HAWKINS, Paula - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on January 12, 2008. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[271] "DENTON, Jeremiah Andrew, Jr. - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on February 25, 2009. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[272] "LAUTENBERG, Frank Raleigh - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on June 4, 2011. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[273] "KERRY, John Forbes - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on March 31, 2016. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[274] "SMITH, Robert C. - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on August 13, 2014. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[275] "DORGAN, Byron Leslie - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on September 22, 2018. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[276] "CORNYN, John - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Archived from the original on November 2, 2012. Retrieved December 10, 2018.

[278] "KIM, Andy - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Retrieved December 3, 2024.

[280] "SCHIFF, Adam - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Retrieved December 10, 2024.

[1]

[2]

[note 1]

[note 2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[note 1]

[note 2]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]

[14]

[15]

[16]

[17]

[18]

[19]

[20]

[21]

[22]

[23]

[24]

[25]

[26]

[note 3]

[27]

[28]

[29]

[30]

[31]

[32]

[33]

[34]

[35]

[36]

[37]

[38]

[39]

[40]

[41]

[42]

[note 4]

[43]

[44]

[45]

[note 5]

[46]

[47]

[48]

[49]

[50]

[51]

[52]

[53]

[54]

[55]

[56]

[57]

[58]

[59]

[60]

[61]

[62]

[63]

[64]

[65]

[66]

[67]

[68]

[69]

[note 6]

[70]

[71]

[72]

[73]

[74]

[75]

[76]

[77]

[78]

[79]

[80]

[81]

[82]

[83]

[note 7]

[84]

[85]

[86]

[87]

[88]

[89]

[90]

[91]