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Lichess

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Lichess
The logo of Lichess, featuring a stylized knight
Screenshot
Home page of Lichess
Type of site
Internet chess server
Available inEnglish, others[note 1]
Created byThibault Duplessis
URLlichess.org
CommercialNon-profit and donation-only
RegistrationOptional
Launched20 June 2010 (14 years ago)[1]
Current statusActive
Native client(s) oniOS, Android, Web
Written inScala, TypeScript, HTML and CSS[2]

Lichess (/ˈliːtʃɛs/; LEE-ches)[3][4] is a free and open-source Internet chess server run by a non-profit organization of the same name. Users of the site can play online chess anonymously and optionally register an account to play rated games. Lichess is ad-free and all the features are available for free, as the site is funded by donations from patrons.[5][6][7] Features include chess puzzles, computer analysis, tournaments and chess variants.

History

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Thibault Duplessis
Founder Thibault Duplessis in 2021

Lichess was founded in 2010 by French programmer Thibault Duplessis.[8][9] The software running Lichess and the design are mostly open source under the AGPL license[10] and other free and non-free licenses.[11] The name Lichess is a "combination of live/light/libre and chess".[12]

On February 11, 2015, an official Lichess mobile app was released for Android devices.[13] An app for mobile devices running iOS was released on March 4, 2015.[14]

As of April 28, 2022, lichess.org had a global rank of 683 at Alexa, with most of its visitors coming from the United States, India, and China.[15] According to its Alexa rank, Lichess is ranked second only to Chess.com as one of the most popular internet chess servers in the world.[16]

In April 2021, the United States Chess Federation announced its official endorsement of Lichess's fair play methodology that automatically detects obvious cheaters based on engine move matching analysis.[17]

Tournaments and events

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Titled Arenas

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Final standings of the March 2021 Titled Arena

In December 2017 Lichess began hosting a monthly Lichess Titled Arena with cash prizes for titled players, featuring some of the best players in the world playing bullet chess.[18] Magnus Carlsen won the first titled arena, and has regularly competed and won events since then.[19][20][21][22] Later editions have featured blitz chess as well, and some events were played as Chess 960 events with randomized starting positions for each game.

As of February 2022, Carlsen has a record 17 victories in titled arenas, followed by Alireza Firouzja with 13 victories.[23] Other participants in past editions include Fabiano Caruana, Maxime Vachier-Lagrave, Vladimir Fedoseev, Vladislav Artemiev, Alexander Grischuk, and Anish Giri.

Saint Louis Chess Club

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The Saint Louis Chess Club (SLCC) regularly hosts events on Lichess with large prize funds, attracting the world's best players to compete.

In May 2020, the SLCC hosted the Clutch Chess: USA on Lichess, a four-player knock-out event with $100,000 in prizes.[24] The participants were Fabiano Caruana, Wesley So, Leinier Domínguez, and Hikaru Nakamura. The event was won by So, beating Caruana on tiebreaks in the final (more wins in clutch games) after a final score of 9–9.[25]

In June 2020, the SLCC hosted the Clutch Chess: International on Lichess, an eight-player invitational knock-out tournament with a prize fund of $265,000, which at the time was the largest prize fund ever offered for an online chess event.[26] The participants were Magnus Carlsen, Maxime Vachier-Lagrave, Leinier Domínguez, Alexander Grischuk, Levon Aronian, Fabiano Caruana, Wesley So, and Jeffery Xiong. Carlsen won the event, beating Caruana 9.5–8.5 in the finals.[27][28]

In September 2020, the SLCC hosted the 2020 Champions Showdown: Chess 9LX on Lichess, a Chess 960 invitational rapid tournament with a prize fund of $150,000.[29] The participants of this event were Carlsen, Garry Kasparov, Caruana, Hikaru Nakamura, Wesley So, Levon Aronian, Vachier-Lagrave, Alireza Firouzja, Domínguez and Peter Svidler. The event was jointly won by Carlsen and Nakamura, both scoring 6/9.[30]

Later in September 2020, the SLCC hosted the 2020 Saint Louis Rapid and Blitz on Lichess, a combined rapid and blitz event with a prize fund of $250,000.[31][32] The ten invited participants included Carlsen, Nakamura and So. Carlsen and So were the joint overall winners with 24 points, with So winning the three-day rapid phase with 13 points, while Carlsen and Nakamura shared first in the two-day blitz phase with 12 points each.[33][34]

In August 2023, an article was published on lichess website, stating "Lichess will no longer cooperate with the US Chess Federation and the Saint Louis Chess Club". The article included previously unpublished details of sexual misconduct allegations against two US grandmasters, and criticized the handling of it by both organizations.[35]

Miscellaneous

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In April 2020, Magnus Carlsen and Alireza Firouzja played a bullet match on Lichess, with the winner of the overall match being the first player to reach 100 wins. After 194 games Firouzja won the match 103.5–90.5 (100 wins, 7 draws and 87 losses).[36][37]

In May 2020, Lichess hosted the Play for Russia charity event, to raise money for hospitals and health workers fighting the COVID-19 pandemic.[38][39][40] The event raised 24,670,000 roubles ($335,000) and was won by Alexander Grischuk, beating Evgeny Tomashevsky in the finals.[41] Other participants included Vladimir Kramnik, Ian Nepomniachtchi, Sergey Karjakin, and Peter Svidler.

In the same month, several chess players (including Sebastien Feller) hosted a charity event on Lichess to raise money for the Mercy hospital in Metz, France, in the fight against COVID-19.[42]

In August 2020, the Qatar Chess Federation hosted the Katara International Bullet Tournament on Lichess, with a prize fund of $10,000.[43] The event was won by Magnus Carlsen, beating Daniel Naroditsky in the finals.[44] The 2021 edition with a prize fund of $12,800 was won by Vladislav Artemiev; in the finals, he beat Andrew Tang, who had knocked out Magnus Carlsen in the semifinals.[45]

Lichess 4545 League

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The 4545 Lichess League is an online chess competition established in 2015 in collaboration with Lichess. Running for 42 seasons, the league focuses on classical time control play and features team-based tournaments, including the Lonewolf League, which is designed for individual players. The 4545 Lichess League aims to promote competitive play and community engagement among chess enthusiasts worldwide.[46][47]

Features

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In "Horde", white has a large number of pawns and black has a normal setup. For White to win, they must checkmate Black. For Black to win, they must capture all White pieces and pawns.

Gameplay, ratings and variants

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The website allows users to play games of live and correspondence chess against other players at different time controls. It has training features, including chess basics, tactics training, chess coordinates, a chess video library, an opening explorer, studies, and an analysis board.[48][49] It also has a section where chess coaches can advertise their services to users.[50] Users can create "arena" or "swiss"-style tournaments in any time control and variant, including custom starting positions (for example, a thematic blitz tournament from the starting position of the King's Gambit). Users can also create simultaneous exhibitions in which they play against multiple other users at the same time.

In "Racing Kings", the first player whose king reaches the eighth rank wins. Players are not allowed to put their opponent in check.

In addition to enabling blindfold chess,[51] the website supports the following chess variants:[52]

It also has a mode that enables one to play from a set position, whether entered manually or from another game.[1]

Lichess was the first chess-site to have features to help visually impaired people play chess on a website.[55][56] It also has a chess puzzle-based CAPTCHA system.[57][58]

For registered players, Lichess employs a Glicko-2[59] rating system, and grants the ability to compete in tournaments, post in the forums, and request a server-side full game analysis for any finalized game. The ratings for standard chess are categorized into Ultrabullet, Bullet, Blitz, Rapid, Classical, or Correspondence depending on the game's total time or estimated total time (if using Fischer time control which increments time after each move).

Number of games played in each time control (as of May 2024)
Time Control Number of games
UltraBullet 71,435,637
Bullet 1,959,607,944
Blitz 2,702,090,327
Rapid 822,375,290
Classical 69,773,068
Correspondence 9,509,939
Total 5,634,792,205

A Lichess mobile app is available for iOS and Android.[60]

Puzzle Storm design

Games are stored in a database and are available to download which has served as the basis for multiple academic papers.[61][62][63]

Training and analysis

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Users can play games against the Stockfish chess engine at a number of difficulty levels.[64] They may analyze specific positions from standard chess or any of the supported chess variants. The website implements a version of the Stockfish engine that runs on the user's local machine within the user's web browser for limited or infinite analysis,[65] which will calculate best lines of play or major opponent threats. An opening book based on games played on the site or a database of two million games played by FIDE titled players is available.[66] In the Antichess analysis board, users can utilize Mark Watkins's antichess solution database.[67]

Puzzles

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On March 19, 2021, Lichess announced a new feature – Puzzle Racer, a mix of Puzzle Storm, released in January of the same year. Like Puzzle Storm, a timed puzzle feature, it prompts the user to solve chess puzzles with increasing difficulty as quickly as possible, but with the goal to outperform opponents in both the time and accuracy sense and hence be the first to finish the race. Each correct move, not puzzle, gives a user one point and fills the combo bar by one. When a bar is filled a point bonus is given as shown below.

  • 5 moves: +1 point
  • 12 moves: +2 points
  • 20 moves: +3 points
  • 30 moves: +4 points
  • Then +4 points every 10 other moves.

As with puzzle storm, an official leaderboard is not yet implemented, however, players can see their daily high scores. There are no bots participating but unregistered players can also join and are given their user names randomly.[68][69][70]

[edit]
  • Example profile
    Example profile
  • A bullet chess game in progress
    A bullet chess game in progress
  • A chess puzzle
    A chess puzzle
  • Puzzle Streak, where players solve increasingly difficult chess puzzles until a mistake is made
    Puzzle Streak, where players solve increasingly difficult chess puzzles until a mistake is made
  • Post-game analysis with Stockfish
    Post-game analysis with Stockfish
  • A study for the Sicilian Defence
    A study for the Sicilian Defence

See also

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Notes

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  1. ^ Portions of the website have been translated to over 80 languages. About 30 of these are marked as "complete" but the terms of service, privacy policy, blog posts, and coach biographies are not yet fully translated.

References

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  1. ^ Duplessis, Thibault (2014-08-05). "How old is lichess?". Lichess.org. Archived from the original on 2018-06-12. Retrieved 12 June 2018.
  2. ^ Duplessis, Thibault. "README". GitHub. Retrieved 14 August 2015.
  3. ^ "How do you pronounce Lichess?". Lichess.org. Retrieved 2018-10-07.
  4. ^ How to pronounce Lichess (YouTube Video). Lichess on YouTube. 2020-01-22. Retrieved 2022-08-30.
  5. ^ "Why is lichess free?". Lichess.org. 2 July 2014. Retrieved Jul 2, 2014.
  6. ^ "Lichess Features". Lichess.org. Retrieved 5 December 2016.
  7. ^ "Become a Patron of lichess.org". Lichess. Retrieved 22 November 2017. We are a non‑profit association because we believe in a free, world-class chess experience for anyone, anywhere. We rely on support from [lichess users] to make it possible. If you've gotten something out of lichess, please take a second to pitch in!
  8. ^ Gravagna, Pierre (15 December 2017). "Carnet d'échecs". Libération (in French).
  9. ^ "About lichess.org • lichess.org". lichess.org. Retrieved 2020-07-23.
  10. ^ Duplessis, Thibault. "LICENSE". GitHub. Retrieved 25 October 2016.
  11. ^ lila/COPYING.md at master · ornicar/lila · GitHub
  12. ^ "Why is Lichess called Lichess?". Lichess.org. Retrieved 5 March 2023.
  13. ^ "Android apps in Google Play". Retrieved 21 February 2016.
  14. ^ "lichess – Free Online Chess in the App Store". iTunes. Retrieved 21 February 2016.
  15. ^ "lichess.org Site Overview". Alexa Internet. Archived from the original on 25 May 2019. Retrieved 28 April 2022.
  16. ^ "Chess Links and Websites". Archived from the original on 4 January 2021. Retrieved 7 October 2018.
  17. ^ Lucas, Daniel (2021-04-01). "US Chess Endorses LiChess Fair Play Methodology". US Chess.org. Retrieved 2021-05-06.
  18. ^ "Titled Prize Tournament!". lichess.org. 22 November 2017. Retrieved 2020-09-14.
  19. ^ "Magnus Carlsen wins the first Lichess Titled Arena". lichess.org. 15 December 2017. Retrieved 2020-06-25.
  20. ^ "Online Chess Taking Advantage Of Opportunity To Grow, Entertain During Coronavirus Pandemic". Forbes.com.
  21. ^ "DrDrunkenstein's Reign of Terror". Slate.com. 21 February 2020. Retrieved 2020-09-14.
  22. ^ Pütz, Florian (19 April 2020). "DrNykterstein plant die Revolution". Der Spiegel (in German). Retrieved 2020-09-14.
  23. ^ "Alireza wins a 13th Titled Arena". lichess.org. 23 February 2021. Retrieved 2021-03-07.
  24. ^ "Clutch Chess: USA". U.S. Chess Champs.
  25. ^ "Wesley So wins Clutch Chess Champions Showdown". ChessBase. 30 May 2020.
  26. ^ "Clutch Chess: International". U.S. Chess Champs.
  27. ^ "Magnus Carlsen wins Clutch Chess International". FIDE.
  28. ^ "Last Gasp victory for Magnus Carlsen in the Clutch Chess International 2020". The Week in Chess.
  29. ^ "2020 Champions Showdown: Chess 9LX". U.S. Chess Champs. Retrieved 2020-09-14.
  30. ^ "Champions Showdown Chess 9LX: Carlsen and Nakamura share first place". ChessBase. 14 September 2020. Retrieved 2020-09-14.
  31. ^ "2020 Saint Louis Rapid & Blitz". Saint Louis Chess Club. Retrieved 2020-09-21.
  32. ^ "Saint Louis Rapid & Blitz 2020". The Week in Chess. Retrieved 2020-09-21.
  33. ^ "Final standings". Saint Louis Chess Club. Retrieved 2020-09-21.
  34. ^ "So and Carlsen co-champions of the Saint Louis Rapid & Blitz tournament". ChessBase. 20 September 2020. Retrieved 2020-09-21.
  35. ^ "Breaking the Silence". lichess.org. 2023-08-10. Retrieved 2023-08-15.
  36. ^ "Chess: Magnus Carlsen prepares for meeting with prodigy Alireza Firouzja". The Guardian. 9 April 2020. Retrieved 2020-09-14.
  37. ^ "Firouzja and Carlsen battle it out in bullet marathon". ChessBase. 10 April 2020. Retrieved 2020-09-14.
  38. ^ "Chess Federation of Russia". ruchess.ru. Retrieved 2020-09-14.
  39. ^ "Super-GM Charity Tournament to be held on lichess.org: 12–14 May". lichess.org. Retrieved 2020-09-14.
  40. ^ "Play for Russia 2020". The Week in Chess. Retrieved 2020-09-14.
  41. ^ "Grischuk topples Kramnik to win Play for Russia Charity Tournament". lichess.org. 14 May 2020. Retrieved 2020-09-14.
  42. ^ "Marathon d'Echecs: Tous ensemble pour Mercy". leetchi.com (in French). Retrieved 2020-09-14.
  43. ^ "Announcing the Katara International Bullet Tournament with World Champion Magnus Carlsen". lichess.org. 21 August 2020.
  44. ^ "Magnus Carlsen wins the Katara International Bullet Tournament 2020". The Week in Chess. Retrieved 2020-09-14.
  45. ^ "Vladislav Artemiev wins Katara 2021". lichess.org. 25 June 2021.
  46. ^ "4545 Lichess League". 4545 Lichess League. Retrieved 2024-04-27.
  47. ^ "League History". 4545 Lichess League. Retrieved 2024-04-27.
  48. ^ Wilde, Tyler (2017). "The best chess games on PC". PC Gamer. Retrieved 20 November 2017.
  49. ^ "Play chess for free". Liverpool Daily Post. Liverpool, UK. December 11, 2010. Archived from the original on December 1, 2017. Retrieved 20 November 2017.
  50. ^ "Certified Coaches". Lichess.org. Retrieved 7 October 2018.
  51. ^ "Lichess embraces blind players with new chess site features". slashgear.com. 23 June 2014. Retrieved 7 August 2016.
  52. ^ "Lichess variants • lichess.org". Lichess.org. Retrieved 2017-05-31.
  53. ^ "Atomic Chess! And more". lichess.org. 12 January 2015. Retrieved 2019-06-14.
  54. ^ "OMG Crazyhouse!". lichess.org. 20 January 2016. Retrieved 2016-01-25.
  55. ^ "Accessibility for blind players". lichess.org. 11 June 2014. Retrieved 2019-06-14.
  56. ^ Torres, JC (23 June 2014). "Lichess embraces blind players with new chess site features". Slashgear.com. Retrieved 14 August 2015.
  57. ^ Leyden, John (14 March 2013). "We shall CRUSH you, puny ROBOT... with CHESS". The Register. Retrieved 20 August 2015.
  58. ^ Araújo, Santi (2017). "Captcha de ajedrez: la mejor jugada contra los bots". Genbeta.com (in Spanish). Retrieved 20 November 2017.
  59. ^ "Rating Distribution". lichess. Retrieved 8 July 2020.
  60. ^ "Mobile • lichess.org". Retrieved 5 June 2017.
  61. ^ Zelek, Jakub (2022-07-07). "Topological Data Analysis in chess". {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  62. ^ Tom, Schwarzschild, Avi Borgnia, Eitan Gupta, Arjun Bansal, Arpit Emam, Zeyad Huang, Furong Goldblum, Micah Goldstein (2021-08-12). Datasets for Studying Generalization from Easy to Hard Examples. OCLC 1269570261.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  63. ^ Rosemarin, Hanan; Rosenfeld, Ariel (2019-09-25). "Playing Chess at a Human Desired Level and Style". Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Human-Agent Interaction. Kyoto Japan: ACM. pp. 76–80. doi:10.1145/3349537.3351904. ISBN 978-1-4503-6922-0. S2CID 203620985.
  64. ^ "Сайт дня: Lichess.org – чёрное и белое онлайн". Ferra.ru (in Russian). 2014. Archived from the original on 15 June 2018. Retrieved 20 November 2017.
  65. ^ "Recent Improvements". Lichess.org. 2 February 2017. Retrieved Feb 2, 2017.
  66. ^ "Opening Explorer". Lichess.org. 26 February 2016. Retrieved Feb 26, 2016.
  67. ^ Watkins, Mark. "Losing Chess: 1. e3 wins for White" (PDF). Retrieved 17 January 2017.
  68. ^ "Puzzlers on the Storm". lichess.org. 27 January 2021. Retrieved 2021-03-20.
  69. ^ "New feature: Puzzle Racer". lichess.org. 19 March 2021. Retrieved 2021-03-20.
  70. ^ "Puzzle Racer • lichess.org". lichess.org. Retrieved 2021-03-20.
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