James Cantey

James Cantey
James Cantey
	Brig. Gen. James Cantey
Member of the; South Carolina House of Representatives; from Kershaw County
	In office; 1846–1850
Personal details
Born	December 30, 1818; Camden, South Carolina
Died	June 30, 1874 (aged 55); Fort Mitchell, Alabama
Relations	Richard Richardson (great grandfather); James Willis Cantey (uncle)
Occupation	Lawyer and Slave owner
Military service
Allegiance	United States of America; Confederate States of America
Branch/service	United States Army; Confederate States Army
Years of service	1846–1848 (USA); 1861–1865 (CSA)
Rank	Captain (USA); Brigadier General (CSA)
Unit	Palmetto Regiment (USV)
Commands	15th Alabama Infantry Regiment; Cantey's Brigade
Battles/wars	Mexican–American War Battle of Chapultepec; American Civil War Valley Campaign; First Battle of Winchester; Battle of Cross Keys; Seven Days Battles; Battle of Gettysburg; Atlanta Campaign; Franklin–Nashville Campaign; Battle of Bentonville;

James Cantey (December 30, 1818 – June 30, 1874) was a Confederate States Army brigadier general during the American Civil War. He was a lawyer, slave owner, state legislator in South Carolina and officer in the Mexican–American War, and a slave owner in Alabama both before and after the war.

Early life

James Cantey was born on December 30, 1818, in Camden, South Carolina. After graduating from South Carolina College, where he was a member of the Euphradian Society, he studied law and was admitted to the state bar in 1840, and set up practice in Camden.^[1]

Cantey became politically active and was elected to two terms from Kershaw County as a state legislator in South Carolina, starting November 23, 1846.^[2]

Mexican–American War

He served as an officer in the Palmetto Regiment in the Mexican–American War, rising to the grade of captain.^[3] He was severely wounded during the war.^[4] Cantey was left among the dead, but when his enslaved servant retrieved his body to bury at home, he saw faint signs of life in the officer. His enslaved worker saved Cantey's life. Cantey offered to free the man, but he refused.^[5]

After the end of the Mexican–American War, Cantey moved to Alabama, where he bought land and became a planter in Russell County.^[4]

American Civil War

James Cantey helped form and was elected colonel of the 15th Alabama Infantry Regiment in 1861, in which he organized "Cantey's Rifles". In 1862, he led the regiment in Stonewall Jackson's Valley Campaign. At the First Battle of Winchester, on May 25, 1862, Cantey's regiment fought in Brigadier General Isaac Trimble's brigade of Major General Richard S. Ewell's division and helped turn back the Union Army advance. At the Battle of Cross Keys, the 15th Alabama Infantry was nearly cut off from the main force but fought their way back. Later, as part of Trimble's attack, the 15th Regiment Alabama Infantry helped flank the Union force and drive them back.^[3]

The regiment fought with Jackson in the Seven Days Battles in the Richmond, Virginia area. Thereafter, Cantey was detached^[6] and sent to Mobile, Alabama from January 1863 through April 1864,^[7] where he organized a brigade of three Alabama regiments and one Mississippi regiment.^[3]^[8] Then, Cantey was transferred to the Army of Tennessee. He was appointed a brigadier general to rank from January 8, 1863. He was frequently absent from his command due to illness but also led a division for short period of time in May and June 1864.^[4]^[7] His brigade fought in the Atlanta Campaign and Franklin–Nashville Campaign (Hood's Tennessee Campaign).^[4] When present, he led the brigade with distinction, such as when his brigade held off a much larger Union force at the Battle of Resaca, Georgia.^[3]

Cantey^[9] and his brigade fought at General Joseph E. Johnston's last battle, the Battle of Bentonville, North Carolina.^[3] Cantey's brigade surrendered with Johnston's forces at Durham Station, North Carolina. Although Longacre (1986) states that Cantey surrendered with Johnston, Eicher (2001) and Warner (1959) state that no record of Brigadier General Cantey's capture or parole has been found.^[3]^[4]^[7]

Aftermath

After the Civil War, James Cantey returned to work his plantation near Fort Mitchell, Alabama. He died at the plantation on June 30, 1874.^[3]^[4] Cantey is buried in the Crowell family cemetery at Fort Mitchell, Alabama.^[4]^[7]

Notes

^ Clement Anselm Evans (1899). Confederate military history: a library of Confederate States history. Confederate publishing company. p. 397.
^ "Journal of the South Carolina House of Representatives (1846)". Hathi Trust Digital Library - Harvard University Library. Retrieved April 22, 2019.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Longacre, Edward G. "Cantey, James" in Historical Times Illustrated History of the Civil War, edited by Patricia L. Faust. New York: Harper & Row, 1986. ISBN 978-0-06-273116-6. p. 112
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Warner, Ezra J. Generals in Gray: Lives of the Confederate Commanders. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1959. ISBN 0-8071-0823-5. p. 43
^ Historical Marker Database
^ Lt. Col. William C. Oates succeeded Cantey as regimental commander and led the regiment on its famous charge up Little Round Top during the Battle of Gettysburg
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Eicher, John H., and David J. Eicher. Civil War High Commands. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2001. ISBN 0-8047-3641-3. p. 162
^ Boatner, Mark Mayo, III. The Civil War Dictionary. New York: McKay, 1988. ISBN 0-8129-1726-X. First published New York, McKay, 1959. p. 121
^ Although Longacre states that Cantey was in the Carolinas Campaign, Sifakis, Stewart. Who Was Who in the Civil War. New York: Facts On File, 1988. ISBN 0-8160-1055-2. p. 104 states that Cantey does not appear to have been engaged in any major action after June 1864.

References

Boatner, Mark Mayo, III. The Civil War Dictionary. New York: McKay, 1988. ISBN 0-8129-1726-X. First published New York, McKay, 1959.
Eicher, John H., and David J. Eicher. Civil War High Commands. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2001. ISBN 0-8047-3641-3.
Longacre, Edward G. "Cantey, James" in Historical Times Illustrated History of the Civil War, edited by Patricia L. Faust. New York: Harper & Row, 1986. ISBN 978-0-06-273116-6. p. 112.
Sifakis, Stewart. Who Was Who in the Civil War. New York: Facts On File, 1988. ISBN 0-8160-1055-2.
Warner, Ezra J. Generals in Gray: Lives of the Confederate Commanders. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1959. ISBN 0-8071-0823-5.

[Evans1899-1] Clement Anselm Evans (1899). Confederate military history: a library of Confederate States history. Confederate publishing company. p. 397.

[2] "Journal of the South Carolina House of Representatives (1846)". Hathi Trust Digital Library - Harvard University Library. Retrieved April 22, 2019.

[Longacre112-3] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Longacre, Edward G. "Cantey, James" in Historical Times Illustrated History of the Civil War, edited by Patricia L. Faust. New York: Harper & Row, 1986. ISBN 978-0-06-273116-6. p. 112

[Warner43-4] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Warner, Ezra J. Generals in Gray: Lives of the Confederate Commanders. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1959. ISBN 0-8071-0823-5. p. 43

[5] Historical Marker Database

[6] Lt. Col. William C. Oates succeeded Cantey as regimental commander and led the regiment on its famous charge up Little Round Top during the Battle of Gettysburg

[Eicher162-7] Eicher, John H., and David J. Eicher. Civil War High Commands. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2001. ISBN 0-8047-3641-3. p. 162

[8] Boatner, Mark Mayo, III. The Civil War Dictionary. New York: McKay, 1988. ISBN 0-8129-1726-X. First published New York, McKay, 1959. p. 121

[9] Although Longacre states that Cantey was in the Carolinas Campaign, Sifakis, Stewart. Who Was Who in the Civil War. New York: Facts On File, 1988. ISBN 0-8160-1055-2. p. 104 states that Cantey does not appear to have been engaged in any major action after June 1864.

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