Gracefield, New Zealand
Gracefield | |
|---|---|
 Gracefield (front), Seaview and Wellington Harbour. | |
 | |
| Coordinates: 41°14′S 174°55′E / 41.233°S 174.917°E | |
| Country | New Zealand |
| City | Lower Hutt |
| Local authority | Hutt City Council |
| Electoral ward | Harbour |
| Community board | Petone Community Board[1] |
| Area | |
| • Land | 375 ha (927 acres) |
| Population (June 2024)[3] | |
• Total | 150 |
| Woburn | Waiwhetū | |
  Gracefield  |
||
| Seaview |
Gracefield is an industrial suburb of Lower Hutt City, located at the bottom of the North Island of New Zealand.
Up until the 1980s, Gracefield and neighbouring Petone were home to woollen mills, railway workshops, car assembly and meat processing plants. But when protective tariffs were lifted in the mid-1980s, many of these industries ceased.[4]
The headquarters and principal laboratories of Callaghan Innovation are in Gracefield, in premises developed largely from the Physics and Engineering Laboratory of DSIR.
Demographics
[edit]Gracefield statistical area covers 3.75 km2 (1.45 sq mi)[2] and includes Seaview. It had an estimated population of 150 as of June 2024,[3] with a population density of 40 people per km2.
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
|---|---|---|
| 2006 | 75 | — |
| 2013 | 99 | +4.05% |
| 2018 | 141 | +7.33% |
| Source: [5] | ||
Gracefield had a population of 141 at the 2018 New Zealand census, an increase of 42 people (42.4%) since the 2013 census, and an increase of 66 people (88.0%) since the 2006 census. There were 66 households, comprising 93 males and 45 females, giving a sex ratio of 2.07 males per female. The median age was 44.7 years (compared with 37.4 years nationally), with 18 people (12.8%) aged under 15 years, 27 (19.1%) aged 15 to 29, 84 (59.6%) aged 30 to 64, and 9 (6.4%) aged 65 or older.
Ethnicities were 85.1% European/Pākehā, 19.1% Māori, 4.3% Pasifika, and 2.1% other ethnicities. People may identify with more than one ethnicity.
The percentage of people born overseas was 14.9, compared with 27.1% nationally.
Although some people chose not to answer the census's question about religious affiliation, 78.7% had no religion, 12.8% were Christian, 2.1% were Buddhist and 2.1% had other religions.
Of those at least 15 years old, 21 (17.1%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, and 15 (12.2%) people had no formal qualifications. The median income was $37,200, compared with $31,800 nationally. 21 people (17.1%) earned over $70,000 compared to 17.2% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15 was that 75 (61.0%) people were employed full-time, 15 (12.2%) were part-time, and 3 (2.4%) were unemployed.[5]
Education
[edit]Gracefield School is a co-educational state primary school for Year 1 to 6 students,[6][7] with a roll of 223 as of August 2024.[8] The school was built in 1939 due to rapid development in the area.[9]
History
[edit]Gracefield is named for parliamentarian Morgan Grace, who owned land (Gracefield Estate) in the area in the 19th century.[10] At this time Gracefield was an area of farms and orchards. Grace's son Francis Grace was chairman of the board of directors of the Gracefield Syndicate, a company formed in 1907 to purchase over 200 acres of land at Gracefield to subdivide for leasing.[11][12][13]
A short industrial railway line, known as the Gracefield Branch, used to run through Gracefield. The line from Woburn, opened in 1929,[14] was extended into Gracefield in 1943 and a freight terminus established there. This was later extended to a network of sidings serving industries in Seaview.[15] In 1972 a new freight depot was opened at Gracefield.[16] In 1981 the goods facilities at Lower Hutt Station were closed, and goods handling was transferred to a new facility at Gracefield.[17] Gracefield Yard was closed on 30 April 2002, and the tracks are now mothballed.[18]
Between 1949[19] and the 1980s, a workingmen's camp existed near the Wainuiomata Hill Road at the base of the hill. The camp was built by the government, and in the 1950s housed 200 mostly immigrant men who were working on the electrification of the Hutt railway line.[20] In the 1970s, the camp housed groups of up to 100 Tongans brought to Lower Hutt on six-month work schemes by the Hutt Valley Chamber of Commerce, to alleviate a shortage of local workers.[21] The huts were removed in 1988.[22][23]
Feltex
[edit]By the mid-1930s a flock mill operated by John Grant and Company, a subsidiary of Felt and Textiles of Australia (Feltex), was established in Gracefield Road.[24] In 1940 Feltex expanded the business with a new 50,000 sq ft factory nearby, intending to manufacture carpet and all types of felt for slippers, millinery, saddle linings, floor coverings and engineering purposes.[25] The factory employed more than 200 men and shortly after opening was producing up to 5000 yards of felt and 1800 yards of carpet each week.[26] During 2002 and 2003 the Feltex factory at Bell Road was expanded, becoming the biggest yarn spinning operation in the Feltex group.[27] Feltex was bought by Geoffrey Hirst Pty in 2006,[28] and as of 2024 the Bell Road factory in Gracefield still operates under this brand name.
Griffin's Factory
[edit]Griffin's Food Company built a new factory on a five and a half acre site at the northern end of Gracefield in 1938, with the first biscuits being produced in January 1939.[29][30] The building was constructed of reinforced concrete and had a sawtooth roof to provide good lighting. The factory buildings surrounded a courtyard with lawn, a fountain and flowers. There were also extensive flower gardens around the complex, which led the factory to be known as 'The Garden Factory'.[31][32] The factory had an automatic conveyor belt oven about 100 feet long, the first of its kind in the southern hemisphere, which was in operation until the factory closed in 2008.[32] In 1939, two thirds of the approximately 90 staff were women: this "bevy of skilful girls in neat smocks" could process 20 tons of biscuits per week.[33][34][35][36]
Griffin's closed the factory in 2008, with the loss of 200 jobs,[37] and the building became a plastics recycling factory.[38]
DSIR / Callaghan Innovation
[edit]The now defunct Department of Scientific and Industrial Research (DSIR) bought 16 acres of land at Gracefield in June 1942 and moved its Physical Testing Laboratory into a new building there in December that year. The Dominion Physical Laboratory had around 80 staff working on radar, metrology and war work. A second building was built at the site in 1946.[39] In 1958 the government approved a new branch of the DSIR, the Institute of Nuclear Sciences (now part of GNS Science), and it was decided to base this at Gracefield too.[40] The DSIR was disbanded in 1992 and its various departments formed into Crown Research Institutes, many of which (or their successors) still have a presence in Gracefield. Callaghan Innovation, formed partly from Industrial Research Limited, a Crown Research Institute, was established at Gracefield in 2013, with the task of making New Zealand business more innovative. Callaghan Innovation set up the 'Gracefield Innovation Quarter' which brought together scientists, technicians and businesses in a collection of laboratories, workshops, pilot labs, office space and a centre for Māori businesses on one large site.[41][42]
Wainuiomata Hill Road
[edit]The Wainuiomata Hill Road provides the only road access to the valley and suburb of Wainuiomata. The Lower Hutt side of the road is reached via one of two approach roads in Gracefield: Wainui Road or Gracefield Road. The Hill Road was opened in 1860 and has undergone many upgrades since then.[43]: 181 A speed camera installed at the base of the hill in Wainui Road near the Griffin's factory has a notorious reputation, as it is installed right where motorists begin to accelerate for the steep climb up the hill, or are at the end of the last downhill stretch.[44] A shared cycling and walking path over the hill was completed in 2019.[45] Near the bottom of the Lower Hutt side, part of the path splits from the road and a section for cyclists only runs downhill, ending at Gracefield Road.[46]
Wainuiomata Tunnel
[edit]The Wainuiomata Tunnel was planned to improve access to the Wainuiomata Valley as part of a scheme to commence residential development there in the 1930s. The Lower Hutt side of the tunnel is located in Gracefield at the end of Tunnel Grove off Gracefield Road. Construction started in 1932 but was halted several years later when only partly completed due to a lack of funds brought about by economic depression. The tunnel was never opened to road traffic, and other than a brief stint of military service during World War II, remained unused until sold in 1975. Thereafter it was completed as a utility tunnel, initially carrying only a water pipe. Greater Wellington Regional Council is responsible for the tunnel, and also maintains the water supply pipe that runs through it. The tunnel also now carries a sewer pipeline and telecommunications cables.
Waiwhetū Stream
[edit]The Waiwhetū Stream is a small watercourse that flows through Gracefield and drains the eastern side of the Hutt Valley. It enters Wellington Harbour at the Hutt River estuary. Development and urbanisation of the Hutt Valley since the arrival of settlers led to increasing pollution and degradation of the stream environment. The stream was diverted into concrete culverts in many sections in an attempt to reduce flooding. Industrial development in the area around the lower reaches of the stream led to that section becoming an industrial sewer. In 2010, the stream was described as one of the most polluted waterways in New Zealand.[47]
Pressure from the community beginning around 2003 helped to trigger a major project to clean up the lower reaches. This project was declared complete in June 2010, after the removal of 56,000 tonnes of toxic waste. In 2010–11, a community group was formed to lead restoration of the upper reaches of the stream. Over a period of 10 years, volunteers cleared invasive aquatic weeds and rubbish from 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) of the stream bed and established around 34,000 locally sourced native plants on the banks of the stream.[48]
Climate
[edit]| Climate data for Lower Hutt (Gracefield) (1981–2010) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 21.0 (69.8) |
21.3 (70.3) |
19.8 (67.6) |
17.2 (63.0) |
15.0 (59.0) |
12.9 (55.2) |
12.1 (53.8) |
12.8 (55.0) |
14.4 (57.9) |
15.5 (59.9) |
17.1 (62.8) |
19.2 (66.6) |
16.5 (61.7) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 17.5 (63.5) |
17.5 (63.5) |
16.1 (61.0) |
13.7 (56.7) |
11.8 (53.2) |
10.0 (50.0) |
9.1 (48.4) |
9.6 (49.3) |
11.2 (52.2) |
12.4 (54.3) |
13.8 (56.8) |
16.0 (60.8) |
13.2 (55.8) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 14.0 (57.2) |
13.6 (56.5) |
12.4 (54.3) |
10.2 (50.4) |
8.6 (47.5) |
7.0 (44.6) |
6.1 (43.0) |
6.4 (43.5) |
8.1 (46.6) |
9.3 (48.7) |
10.6 (51.1) |
12.7 (54.9) |
9.9 (49.9) |
| Average rainfall mm (inches) | 53.8 (2.12) |
72.0 (2.83) |
104.5 (4.11) |
57.5 (2.26) |
155.9 (6.14) |
128.1 (5.04) |
168.1 (6.62) |
92.0 (3.62) |
93.8 (3.69) |
82.2 (3.24) |
98.7 (3.89) |
99.5 (3.92) |
1,206.1 (47.48) |
| Source: NIWA[49] | |||||||||||||
References
[edit]- ^ "Hutt City Wards and Suburbs" (PDF). Hutt City Council. Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 February 2013. Retrieved 25 May 2022.
- ^ a b "ArcGIS Web Application". statsnz.maps.arcgis.com. Retrieved 13 June 2021.
- ^ a b "Aotearoa Data Explorer". Statistics New Zealand. Retrieved 26 October 2024.
- ^ Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand – Hutt Valley – south Retrieved: 24 January 2009
- ^ a b "Statistical area 1 dataset for 2018 Census". Statistics New Zealand. March 2020. Gracefield (245700). 2018 Census place summary: Gracefield
- ^ "Gracefield School Official School Website". gracefield.school.nz.
- ^ "Gracefield School Education Review Office Report". ero.govt.nz. Education Review Office.
- ^ "Gracefield School Ministry of Education School Profile". educationcounts.govt.nz. Ministry of Education.
- ^ "A new school". Evening Post. 6 January 1939 – via Papers Past.
- ^ "Land on deferred payments at Gracefield, Waiwetu, Hutt [advertisement]". Evening Post. 9 May 1876. p. 3 – via Papers Past.
- ^ "[untitled]". Gisborne Times. 29 May 1908. p. 2 – via Papers Past.
- ^ "Advertisements". Gisborne Times. 17 December 1907. p. 1 – via Papers Past.
- ^ "What other papers say". Poverty Bay Herald. 10 January 1908 – via Papers Past.
- ^ Churchman, Geoffrey B; Hurst, Tony (2001) [1990, 1991]. The Railways of New Zealand: A Journey through History (Second ed.). Transpress New Zealand. p. 154. ISBN 0-908876-20-3.
- ^ Hoy, D.G. (1970). "Appendix D: Diagrams". Rails Out Of The Capital: Suburban Railways, Wellington. Wellington: The New Zealand Railway and Locomotive Society. pp. 114–115.
- ^ Bromby, Robin. "Branch Lines – North Island". Rails That Built A Nation: An Encyclopedia of New Zealand Railways. p. 70.
In late 1972, a new Gracefield depot was opened to handle small lots and parcels, relieving the pressure on Lower Hutt station. The new depot was able to handle 20 wagons at a time.
- ^ Bromby, Robin (2003). "Branch Lines – North Island". Rails That Built A Nation: An Encyclopedia of New Zealand Railways. Wellington: Grantham House Publishing. p. 74. ISBN 1-86934-080-9.
- ^ Castle, David (18 September 2007). "Woburn & Gracefield". Wellington: Hutt Valley Signals. Retrieved 8 November 2008.
On 30 April 2002 the Gracefield Yard was closed and since then the yard and the Seaview sidings have been lifted. The branch is now a glorified siding, serving the Hutt Workshops.
- ^ "[Untitled]". Upper Hutt Leader. 25 August 1949.
Sixty-eight single men from the European settlers' camp at Pahiatua took up residence at a camp at Gracefield this week. Some of them will be engaged on the electrification of the Hutt Valley railway line, and the others will be employed at the Hutt Railway Workshops. [...] Preparations are being made at Gracefield for the reception of 87 tradesmen and unskilled workers who are due to arrive by the Atlantis about September 11.
- ^ "Migrants on strike over food quality". Greymouth Evening Star. 18 April 1950 – via Papers Past.
- ^ "Tongan work scheme may be cancelled". Evening Post. 18 February 1974.
- ^ Todd, Harry (1970). "Wainuiomata Hill Road at Gracefield intersection [photograph]". DigitalNZ. Retrieved 10 March 2024.
- ^ Friends of Waiwhetu Stream. "Stream Stories [pamphlet]".
- ^ "Lower Hutt fire". Evening Post. 24 December 1936 – via Papers Past.
- ^ "Felt and Textiles: to extend NZ operations". Evening Star. 18 May 1939 – via Papers Past.
- ^ "New Zealand-made goods". Dominion. 18 January 1941 – via Papers Past.
- ^ Larsen, Robert (13 November 2003). "Feltex Carpets Limited - Manager, Bell Road plant [Press release]". Scoop. Retrieved 21 May 2024.
- ^ "Residential Carpets New Zealand - Feltex". www.feltex.com. Retrieved 21 May 2024.
- ^ "A romance of commerce". Dominion. 8 July 1939 – via Papers Past.
- ^ "Celebrating 150 Years of Griffin's" (PDF). Scoop. 2014.
- ^ "Lawn and garden". Dominion. 8 July 1939 – via Papers Past.
- ^ a b Petone Settlers Museum (24 February 2009). "70 Years Of Griffin's In The Hutt [Press release]". Scoop. Retrieved 22 February 2024.
- ^ "Behind the scenes in biscuit production". Dominion. 8 July 1939 – via Papers Past.
- ^ "Griffins new model factory in a country park". Dominion. 8 July 1939 – via Papers Past.
- ^ "A happy staff". Dominion. 8 July 1939 – via Papers Past.
- ^ "History". www.seaviewbusiness.co.nz. Retrieved 22 February 2024.
- ^ "200 jobs set to go as cookie factory crumbles". The New Zealand Herald. NZPA. 16 November 2007. Retrieved 2 October 2011.
- ^ Cann, Ged (19 November 2017). "CuriousCity: How 6000 tonnes of plastic bottles a year are recycled in Wellington". Stuff. Retrieved 22 February 2024.
- ^ Atkinson, J. D. (1976). DSIR's first 50 years. Department of Scientific and Industrial Research. ISSN 0077-9636.
- ^ An Encyclopaedia of New Zealand. 1966.
- ^ "Callaghan Innovation Connect". DEMM Engineering & Manufacturing. 19 May 2015.
- ^ "First Māori innovation hub to develop Māori businesses". Te Ao Māori News. Retrieved 26 February 2024.
- ^ Daley, James M. (1978). Hutt County Council Centenary 1877 - 1977. Wainuiomata, New Zealand: Hutt County Council.
- ^ Maxwell, Joel (28 December 2015). "Cut off, and shot twice: Is this the country's most hated new speed camera?". Stuff. Retrieved 23 February 2024.
- ^ "Te Hikoi Ararewa (Wainuiomata Hill Shared Path) Opening Welcomed by Community | Hutt City Council News". 28 January 2023. Archived from the original on 28 January 2023. Retrieved 23 February 2024.
- ^ "Wainuiomata Connector Ride - WellingtonNZ". Wainuiomata Connector Ride - WellingtonNZ. Retrieved 23 February 2024.
- ^ "Budget blowout in cleanup of toxic Waiwhetu Stream". Dominion Post. 1 February 2010. ProQuest 507114045.
- ^ Boyack, Nicholas (6 September 2023). "Friends win battle against South African invasive weeds". The Post. Retrieved 6 September 2023.
- ^ "CliFlo – National Climate Database : Lower Hutt, Gracefield". NIWA. Retrieved 20 May 2024.