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Dixie Flyer (train)

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Dixie Flyer
The Dixie Flyer in 1924, just outside of Atlanta
Overview
Service typeInter-city rail
StatusDiscontinued
LocaleMidwestern United States/Southeastern United States
First service1892
Last service1969
Former operator(s)
Route
TerminiChicago
Miami
Distance travelled1,454 miles (2,340 km) (1949)
Service frequencyDaily (1949)
Train number(s)Southbound: 95
Northbound: 94
On-board services
Seating arrangementsReclining seat coaches
Sleeping arrangementsSections, compartments and drawing rooms
Catering facilitiesDining car
Baggage facilitiesBaggage car
Technical
Rolling stockStreamlined passenger cars by Pullman Standard
Track gauge4 ft 8+1⁄2 in (1,435 mm)

The Dixie Flyer was a premier named American passenger train that operated from 1892 to 1965 via the "Dixie Route" from Chicago and St. Louis via Evansville, Nashville, and Atlanta to Florida.[1][2][3] However, the train continued until 1969 as an Atlanta to Florida operation, run solely by the Atlantic Coast Line Railroad and its successor, the Seaboard Coast Line. The Flyer's route varied in early years, but by about 1920 was set as follows:[4]

History

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After the NC&StL acquired the lease of the Western and Atlantic Railroad in 1890, it began promoting its passenger business from northern connections through Tennessee, and in early 1892 christened its existing trains 1 and 2 from Nashville to Atlanta as the Dixie Flyer, with through Pullman Palace sleeping cars from Nashville to Jacksonville; these at first were routed south of Atlanta via the East Tennessee, Virginia and Georgia Railway (controlled by the Southern Railway), and later rerouted via the CofG and ACL.[4]

In 1899, the NC&StL made an agreement with the Illinois Central (IC) to handle passengers via the IC from Chicago and from St. Louis, via Fulton, Kentucky and Martin, Tennessee on the Dixie Flyer with limited stops and a fast schedule. In 1908, the Chicago traffic was rerouted via the CE&I from Chicago to Evansville, and the L&N from Evansville to Nashville; during World War I, the L&N also took over the traffic from St. Louis to Evansville. Soon after the war ended, the route south of Atlanta to Jacksonville was settled on the CofG to Macon and Albany, and from there via the ACL via Tifton and Waycross. In Jacksonville, through Pullmans were handed over to the FEC for Miami or to other ACL trains for Tampa and other west coast (Gulf of Mexico) points.[4]

At the height of the Florida land boom in 1925, the popular Dixie Flyer was split into three sections: the all-Pullman Dixie Flyer from Chicago/St. Louis to Florida; the coaches and Atlanta and Augusta sleepers were carried on the second section, named the Dixie Express; mail and express went by the third section, the Dixie Mail. Following the collapse of the Florida boom and the effects of the Great Depression, services were cut back in the 1930s, with the Flyer handling both coaches and Pullmans.[4]

A short-lived Jacksonville-Yellowstone National Park Pullman route was created in the summer of 1925, carrying a sleeper via the Dixie Flyer to St. Louis, via the Wabash to Kansas City, and via the Union Pacific to West Yellowstone.[4]

Dixie Route brochure with timetables for the Dixie Flyer and Dixie Limited, 1930.

By the postwar 1940s, the Florida East Coast Railway route along the coast was carried by the Atlantic Coast Line's Miamian. The other sections to St. Petersburg, Tampa and Sarasota were covered by ACL local trains. By the mid-1950s, the Atlantic Coast Line terminated the route at Jacksonville, including the sleeping cars. Passengers wishing to continue on the traditional Florida East Coast route to Miami would need to transfer to the ACL's East Coast Champion.[5]

The Dixie Flyer was discontinued north of Atlanta by December 1965,[6][7] From 1965 the Atlantic Coast Line RR (and then its successor, the Seaboard Coast Line Railroad) kept the train running on the route from Atlanta Union Station south to Jacksonville, on an overnight schedule, but without sleeping cars.[citation needed] The train was finally discontinued on January 8, 1969.[8] Like many other passenger trains a victim of plummeting ridership in the face of airline and highway competition.

Major stops

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The following were major stops. Precise stops are in the diagram map at the right.[9]

  • Chicago
  • St. Louis (the Chicago and St. Louis branches converged in Evansville)
  • Terre Haute
  • Evansville
  • Nashville
  • Tullahoma
  • Chattanooga
  • Dalton
  • Atlanta
  • Albany
  • Jacksonville
  • West Palm Beach
  • Fort Lauderdale
  • Miami

Separate connecting Atlantic Coast Line branches from Jacksonville served Gainesville, Orlando, Tampa, St. Petersburg, Sarasota and Fort Myers.

Dixie Route trains

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Map of the Dixie Route to Florida and connecting lines, published by the C&EI, L&N, and NC&StL railroads, 1926.

Other trains from the Midwest to Florida using the Dixie Route included:[10]

References

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  1. ^ Prince, Richard E. (1968). Louisville & Nashville Steam Locomotives. Bloomington, Ind.: Indiana University Press. pp. 141, 158. ISBN 025333764X. Retrieved August 15, 2014.
  2. ^ By the time of the December 18, 1965 timetable, the L&N had eliminated all of its Chicago to Florida trains but the South Wind. http://streamlinermemories.info/?p=7716
  3. ^ Louisville & Nashville December 18, 1965 timetable http://streamlinermemories.info/South/L&N65TT.pdf
  4. ^ a b c d e Prince, Richard E. (1967). The Nashville, Chattanooga and St. Louis Railway: History and Steam Locomotives. Bloomington, Ind.: Indiana University Press. pp. 151–153. ISBN 0253339278. Retrieved August 15, 2014.
  5. ^ Atlantic Coast Line timetable, June 12, 1955, Tables J and A.
  6. ^ December 18, 1965 Louisville & Nashville timetable http://streamlinermemories.info/South/L&N65TT.pdf
  7. ^ Cox, Jim (2011). Rails Across Dixie: A History of Passenger Trains in the American South. Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland & Company. p. 139. ISBN 978-0786461752.
  8. ^ Hurt, Bob (January 9, 1969). "A Tearful Gooodby To 'Dixie Flyer'". The Atlanta Constitution. p. 30. Retrieved October 27, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  9. ^ Official Guide of the Railways May 1946, Louisville and Nashville section
  10. ^ "Time Tables, December 12, 1946". railfan.net. Chicago and Eastern Illinois Railroad. Retrieved March 3, 2016.
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Dixie Flyer (train).
  • "Dixie Flyer," NC&StL Preservation Society, accessed 23 August 2014. Includes photos, time tables, and newspaper accounts of the train's discontinuance.
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