Jump to content

Parvez Elahi

Page semi-protected
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from Chaudhry Pervaiz Elahi)

Chaudhry
Parvez Elahi
President of Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf
Incumbent
Assumed office
7 March 2023
ChairmanImran Khan
Gohar Ali Khan
Preceded byJaved Hashmi
2nd Deputy Prime Minister of Pakistan
In office
25 June 2012 – 29 June 2013
PresidentAsif Zardari
Prime MinisterRaja Pervaiz Ashraf
Preceded byNisar Ali Khan
(as Senior Minister)
Succeeded byIshaq Dar
20th Federal Minister for Industries
In office
3 May 2011 – 30 November 2013
PresidentAsif Ali Zardari
Mamnoon Hussain
Prime MinisterYusuf Raza Gillani
Raja Pervaiz Ashraf
Nawaz Sharif
Federal Minister for Defence Production
In office
May 2011 – June 2012
7th Leader of the Opposition
In office
10 April 2008 – 16 September 2008
President
Prime MinisterYusuf Raza Gillani
Preceded byFazal-ur-Rehman
Succeeded byNisar Ali Khan
Acting Governor of Punjab
In office
18 August 2018 – 5 September 2018
Preceded byRafique Rajwana
Succeeded byMohammad Sarwar
14th & 18th Chief Minister of Punjab
In office
27 July 2022 – 22 January 2023
GovernorMuhammad Baligh Ur Rehman
Preceded byHamza Shahbaz
Succeeded byMohsin Raza Naqvi (caretaker)
In office
29 November 2002 – 18 November 2007
GovernorKhalid Maqbool
Preceded byShehbaz Sharif
Succeeded byEjaz Nisar (acting)
17th & 20th Speaker of Punjab Assembly
In office
19 February 1997 – 12 October 1999
Preceded byHanif Ramay
Succeeded byMuhammad Afzal Sahi
In office
16 August 2018 – 26 July 2022
Preceded byRana Muhammad Iqbal Khan
Succeeded byMuhammad Sibtain Khan
Acting Leader of the Opposition in Punjab Assembly
In office
20 October 1993 – 16 November 1996
LeaderShehbaz Sharif
Minister for Local Bodies and Rural Development of Punjab
In office
9 April 1985 – 25 April 1993
Member of the National Assembly of Pakistan
In office
1 June 2013 – 31 May 2018
ConstituencyNA-105 (Gujrat-II)
In office
17 March 2008 – 16 March 2013
ConstituencyNA-58 (Attock-II)
Member of the Provincial Assembly of Punjab
In office
15 August 2018 – 14 January 2023
ConstituencyPP-30 (Gujrat-III)
In office
25 November 2002 – 17 November 2007
ConstituencyPP-292 (Rahimyar Khan-VIII)
Personal details
Born (1945-11-01) 1 November 1945 (age 79)[1]
Gujrat, Punjab, British India
NationalityPakistani
Political partyPTI (2023–present)
Other political
affiliations
Children2, including Moonis Elahi
RelativesSee Chaudhry family
Education
Websiteparvezelahi.com

Chaudhry Parvez Elahi Warraich[a] (Urdu, Punjabi: چوہدری پرویز الٰہی وڑائچ; born 1 November 1945) is a Pakistani politician who was the Chief Minister of Punjab from late 2002 to late 2007 and again from late 2022 to early 2023. He was a member of the Provincial Assembly of the Punjab from August 2018 till January 2023, when he, as chief minister, dissolved the assembly. In 2023, he left the Pakistan Muslim League (Q) (PML(Q)) and joined Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI) along with his son, Moonis Elahi, and 10 other former PML(Q) MPAs over political rifts with the party president and cousin, Chaudhry Shujaat Hussain. He was appointed as, and is currently serving as the president of the PTI. He also served as the president of the Punjab Division of the PML(Q).[2]

He served as the First Deputy Prime Minister of Pakistan in 2013. After a successful campaign in the 2002 general elections, he became the Chief Minister of Punjab and held this position until 2007. In 2008, he briefly served as the leader of the opposition in the National Assembly of Pakistan. He remained a member of the National Assembly for two terms, from 2008 to May 2018. He has also been the Speaker of the Provincial Assembly of Punjab from 2018 to 2022. In a major development in late February 2023, Parvez Elahi announced joining Imran Khan-led party along with 10 of his party's former MPAs. On 7 March 2023, Parvez Elahi was appointed as President of the Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf.[3]

Early life and education

Chaudhry Parvez Elahi was born 1 November 1945[4][5][1] in Gujrat, Punjab[6] to industrialist Chaudhry Manzoor Elahi. He hails from a family of politicians[6] and industrialists of Gujrat.[7][1][8] He belongs to a Punjabi family.[9][10][11]

His father Chaudhry Manzoor was non-political, unlike his younger brother Chaudhry Zahoor, concentrating on his business in the textile industry, being active in Ludhiana and then Amritsar after earning his B.Sc. Engineering but having to move back to his native village of Natt in Gujrat due to the 1947 partition. He had two daughters and three sons: Parvez, Javed, who looked after the family business, and Sabahat, who has resided in Thailand, being engaged in carpet manufacturing. Chaudhry Manzoor died in 2005, at the age of 90.[12]

Parvez received his early education from Forman Christian College, Lahore until 1967[1][6] and later attended Watford College of Technology[7] from where he received his Diploma in Industrial Management.[1]

Parvez is a cousin of former Prime Minister of Pakistan Chaudhry Shujaat Hussain and is married to his sister, with whom he has two sons, Moonis Elahi and Rasikh Elahi.[6][7] While his younger son Moonis is also a well known politician, his elder son Rasikh has been described as “a Sufi religious scholar, who avoids politics and public appearances.”[13]

His brother-in-law Ashraf Marth, who served as the SSP Gujranwala, was assassinated in 1997 by Lashkar-e-Jhangvi militants.[14]

Outside Chaudhry Shujaat, his brothers and their sons, Parvez’s other relatives in politics include Chaudhry Tajamal Hussain, the cousin of his father who has been an MNA, and whose own son Chaudhry Mubashar Hussain is a politician as well.[15]

Political career

Early political career (1985-1999)

Parvez began his political career after being elected as the chairman of the district council of Gujrat[6][16] for four years in 1983. He served as Provincial Minister[6][16] for Local Government and Rural Development for eight years[1] from 1985 to 1993. He was elected as a member of the Provincial Assembly of Punjab for the first time in 1985, again in 1988, 1990, and 1993. He also served as the acting leader of the opposition in the Provincial Assembly of Punjab from 1993

During the late 1980s and 1990s Pakistani politics was dominated by two movements, the conservative, right-wing Islamic Jamhoori Ittehad (IJI) led by Nawaz Sharif, and the more left-wing Pakistan Peoples Party (PPP) led by Benazir Bhutto. Parvez Elahi and the Chaudhry family followed a more traditionalist and conservative outlook, therefore Parvez and Shujaat Hussain sided with Nawaz Sharif and both joined the Islami Jamhoori Ittehad from 1985 to 1993, until joining the IJI’s successor, the PML-N.[6]

Several cases were registered against Pervaiz during Benazir Bhutto's government in 1993-1996 and he was sent to Adiala Jail where he spent several months.[17] He enjoyed the services of Mentorship of Barrister Ijaz Hussain Batalvi and his legal team including M.A. Zafar, Nawaz Bhatti and Akhtar Aly Kureshy Advocates. He also appointed Akhtar Aly Kureshy as legal Advisor to Provincial Assembly of the Punjab when he was Speaker Punjab Assembly.

It was reported that Nawaz Sharif had promised Parvez that if PML-N won the 1997 Pakistani general election, Pervaiz would be made the chief minister of Punjab. However, when PML-N won the 1997 general elections, Nawaz appointed his brother Shahbaz Sharif as the Chief Minister of Punjab. To avoid the impression that Pervaiz was unhappy with this decision of Nawaz Sharif, Pervaiz supported Shahbaz Sharif for the position of Chief Minister, however, he decided not to join the provincial cabinet of Shahbaz Sharif.[16][6][18] He was re-elected as a member of the Provincial Assembly of Punjab for the fifth time in 1997 and was elected as the speaker of Provincial Assembly of Punjab[1][6][16][18] in 1997 where he remained until June 2001.[19]

Alliance with Musharraf, Rise of PML-Q

Following the 1999 military coup, he was detained by the National Accountability Bureau on corruption charges. The charges were dropped following an agreement he made to quit the Pakistan Muslim League (N), whose part he had been until the ouster of the PML-N government,[18][16] and assist President Pervez Musharraf in building the PML-Q.[7]

He along with his cousin Shujaat and other dissidents left PML-N to form their own party, PML-Q, of which he became a top member.[1][6][16] He was re-elected as a member of the Provincial Assembly of Punjab for the sixth time in the 2002 Punjab provincial election.[1] Following the elections, Parvez was elected as the Chief Minister of Punjab for the first time,[18][16] an office he served from October 2002 until October 2007.[18][1]

First Term as Chief Minister of Punjab (2002-2007)

See also: First Parvez Elahi provincial government
Parvez (left) as Chief Minister of Punjab in 2006

Parvez Elahi was sworn in as Chief Minister of Punjab on 29 November, 2002 while most of the ministers in his provincial cabinet were sworn in January 2003.[20][21] His first tenure oversaw a period of political stability with him holding the Military-backed President, Governor and Prime Minister's support. Because of this, he was able to serve a full tenure, and was able to initiate many programs and initiatives. His provincial cabinet was composed largely of new politicians from the PML (Q), including Muhammad Basharat Raja, Mian Aslam Iqbal, Aleem Khan and Sibtain Khan while his governor would be Khalid Maqbool, appointed by Pervez Musharraf.

As Chief Minister of Punjab, Parvez initiated several initiatives to develop the province, including the Multan Institute of Cardiology, which Elahi founded and worked to establish. Some of his most successful projects include the Rescue 1122 helpline system, the University of Gujrat, the Lahore Ring Road and several other irrigation and social projects that were founded in his tenure. He has received appraisal for his work as Chief Minister.[22][23]

Education sector

In 2004, his administration introduced the Female Secondary School Stipend program as part of the Punjab Education Sector Reforms Programme (PESRP). The program aimed to improve female enrollment in public schools, focusing on 15 of Punjab's lowest-literacy districts. Evaluations conducted by the World Bank using difference-in-difference (DD) and regression-discontinuity design (RDD) analyses indicated a 9% increase in female enrollments and an average addition of six female students per school between 2003 and 2005. However, enrollment rates had already been rising prior to the program's implementation, suggesting the FSSS program was one of several factors contributing to this trend. Additionally, the evaluations primarily assessed enrollment impacts, with less emphasis on broader educational outcomes such as learning quality or test scores. This initiative was part of broader efforts to enhance education access and quality in Punjab.[24]

Post-Chief ministership

Federal Minister and Deputy Prime Minister

In the 2008 Pakistani general election, Pervaiz was elected as a member of the National Assembly of Pakistan for the first time and as a member of the Provincial Assembly of Punjab for the seventh time.[1] The PML-Q nominated Pervaiz as its candidate for the post of prime minister of Pakistan following the 2008 general elections.[18] Following the election, he was made the Leader of the Opposition in the National Assembly, however he quit this post later that year.[1][6][25] He was made Federal Minister for Defence Production and Industries in the Yousuf Raza Gilani cabinet.[26][6][1]

In 2011, a ceremonial post was created to appoint Parvez as the first deputy prime minister of Pakistan,[27] having no powers even in the absence of the prime minister of Pakistan.[26][6] In the 2013 Pakistani general election, Pervaiz contested and won election from NA-105, a National Assembly constituency in Gujrat[6][28] defeating candidates of PPP and PML-N.[29][10]

He was re-elected to the National Assembly as a candidate of PML-Q from NA-65 (Chakwal-II) and NA-69 (Gujrat-II) in the 2018 Pakistani general election. In the same election, he was re-elected to the Provincial Assembly of Punjab as a candidate of PML-Q from PP-30 (Gujrat-III).[30] Following his successful election, he abandoned his National Assembly seats in favor of his provincial assembly seat.[31]

Speaker of the Punjab Assembly

He was named by Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI) and PML-Q as their joint candidate for the office of Speaker of the Provincial Assembly of Punjab.[32] On 16 August 2018, he was elected as Speaker of the Punjab Assembly. He received 201 votes against his opponent Muhammad Iqbal Gujjar who secured 147 votes.[33][34] On 19 August 2018, he became the acting governor of Punjab[35] following the resignation of Rafique Rajwana.[36]

Second Term as Chief Minister of Punjab (2022-2023)

See also: Constitutional crisis in Punjab, Pakistan (2022)
Parvez in his second tenure at the Punjab Safe Cities Authority.

In March 2022, Imran Khan nominated Parvez Elahi as a candidate for the post of Chief Minister of Punjab after the incumbent Usman Buzdar resigned. After a four-month long constitutional crisis, he took oath as the 18th Chief Minister of Punjab on 27 July. During his second tenure as Chief Minister, he approved schemes worth Rs.15 Billion in order to provide quality and up-to-date medical services and equipment to areas of Punjab including hospitals in Multan, Faisalabad and Gujrat.[37] He also approved the upgrade of hospital wards and the distribution of free medicines across the province.[38]

Parvez Elahi (left) with Imran Khan (centre) and Mahmood Khan (right) announcing the dissolution of the Punjab and KPK assemblies.

On 22 December, the Governor of Punjab, Balighur Rehman, denotified Elahi from his position, citing his failure to take a vote of confidence from the Provincial Assembly, which the Governor had requested, as the reason for the de notification.[39] However, Elahi was restored by the Lahore High Court on 23 December 2022.

On 12 January 2023, after securing victory in a vote of confidence the night before, Parvez sent a letter to Governor Balighur Ur Rehman, advising him to dissolve the Provincial Assembly.[40] On 22 January, he was replaced as Chief Minister by Mohsin Raza Naqvi, who was appointed by the Election Commission of Pakistan to lead a caretaker government.[41]

President of Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf

In late February 2023, Parvez Elahi announced joining the Imran Khan-led PTI party along with 10 of his party's former MPAs. His decision was said to have marked a split between him and his cousin Shujaat Hussain.[42]

In March 2023, Parvez Elahi was appointed as President of Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf by Imran Khan after Elahi had reassured support for the party following its 2022 ousting from power.[42] In June 2023, Elahi was arrested on charges of illegally appointing officers in the Punjab Assembly when he was Chief Minister and detained in Rawalpindi. Elahi denied the charges, calling it political persecution.[43]

He was stated to be in the run for a seat in the Punjab Assembly from PP-34 Gujrat-VII as a candidate of the PTI in the 2024 Punjab provincial election.[44] Due to his imprisonment he was unable to contest in the elections, and instead, Parvez’s wife, Qaisara Elahi ran in his place from PP-32 Gujrat-VI and NA-64 Gujrat-III against their nephew, Chaudhry Salik Hussain.[45] Officially, Qaisara lost both seats though both Qaisara and Parvez claimed that the seat was rigged. Qaisara filed petitions in the Supreme Court of Pakistan (SCP) and Election Commission of Pakistan (ECP), in which she stated that she won as per Form 45s.[46][47]

During his imprisonment, he faced several medical issues, the biggest of which was a major spinal fracture after falling in a jail washroom.[48][49] He was released from jail on bail in May 2024.[43]

Publications

Elahi in a joint 2014 seminar on the Kalabagh Dam
  • Punjab's Vision 2020: Pre Budget Policy Address, Government of the Punjab, 2004, 55 p.[50]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m "Chaudhry Pervaiz Elahi". DAWN.COM. 25 June 2012. Archived from the original on 5 March 2017. Retrieved 4 March 2017.
  2. ^ "Pervaiz Elahi joins PTI along with 10 former MPAs". The Express Tribune. 22 February 2023. Retrieved 22 February 2023.
  3. ^ "PTI appoints Parvez Elahi as president". www.thenews.com.pk. Retrieved 7 March 2023.
  4. ^ "If elections are held on time…". www.thenews.com.pk. Archived from the original on 5 December 2017. Retrieved 4 December 2017.
  5. ^ "Detail Information". 23 March 2011. Archived from the original on 23 March 2011. Retrieved 9 July 2017.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n "Chaudhry Pervaiz Elahi". DAWN.COM. 30 April 2013. Archived from the original on 5 March 2017. Retrieved 4 March 2017.
  7. ^ a b c d "Pervaiz Elahi as chief minister fought terrorists effectively: Wikileaks". www.thenews.com.pk. 7 December 2010. Archived from the original on 5 March 2017. Retrieved 4 March 2017.
  8. ^ "Choosing right man for Punjab CM real test for Imran". The News. Retrieved 6 August 2018.
  9. ^ "LAHORE: Pervaiz Elahi's father dies". DAWN.COM. 12 January 2005. Archived from the original on 5 March 2017. Retrieved 4 March 2017.
  10. ^ a b "Chaudhry Pervaiz Elahi takes Gujrat's NA-105". DAWN.COM. 12 May 2013. Archived from the original on 5 March 2017. Retrieved 4 March 2017.
  11. ^ "Detail Information". www.pildat.org. PILDAT. Archived from the original on 11 July 2017. Retrieved 27 April 2017.
  12. ^ "LAHORE: Pervaiz Elahi's father dies". Dawn News. 12 January 2005. Retrieved 15 August 2023.
  13. ^ "Nawaz went back on his promise to Pervaiz". Dawn News. 4 December 2010.
  14. ^ "Four acquitted in SSP Marth's murder trial". The Express Tribune. 21 May 2010.
  15. ^ "Close relative stuns Chaudhrys". Dawn News. 12 September 2006.
  16. ^ a b c d e f g "Pervaiz pledges to uproot corruption". DAWN.COM. 29 November 2002. Archived from the original on 5 March 2017. Retrieved 4 March 2017.
  17. ^ "Zardari keeps alive PPP legacy of embracing political opponents". www.thenews.com.pk. Archived from the original on 5 March 2017. Retrieved 4 March 2017.
  18. ^ a b c d e f "Nawaz went back on his promise to Pervaiz". DAWN.COM. 4 December 2010. Archived from the original on 5 March 2017. Retrieved 4 March 2017.
  19. ^ "1997-1999". www.pap.gov.pk. Retrieved 8 August 2018.
  20. ^ Hanif, Intikhab (30 November 2002). "Pervaiz sworn in as Punjab CM". DAWN.COM. Retrieved 12 October 2024.
  21. ^ Hanif, Intikhab (4 January 2003). "25-member Punjab cabinet takes oath". DAWN.COM. Retrieved 12 October 2024.
  22. ^ Shahnawaz, T., Khursheed, M., & Abbas, M. W. (2020). Political Stability and Social Reforms in Punjab, Pakistan by Pervaiz Elahi. Global Political Review, V(I), 216-223.  4q0d*_ga*MTY4MzY1OTcwNy4xNzA4MDQxNDIz*_ga_H7P4ZT52H5*MTcwOTMzNTcyNi4yLjAuMTcwOTMzNTcyNy41OS4wLjA.
  23. ^ Yousaf, Zeeshan; Javed, Muhammad; Razzaq, Abdul; Iqbal, Muhammad (23 February 2022). "COMPARING THE PERVAIZ ELAHI AND SHAHBAZ SHARIF ERAS IN PUNJAB TO EXAMINE GOOD GOVERNANCE AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT". Jahan-e-Tahqeeq. 5 (1): 399–411. ISSN 2709-7625.
  24. ^ Chaudhury,Nazmul; Parajuli,Dilip. Conditional cash transfers and female schooling : the impact of the female school stipend program on public school enrollments in Punjab, Pakistan (English). Impact evaluation series ; no. IE 9,Policy, Research working paper ; no. WPS 4102 Washington, D.C. : World Bank Group. http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/865111468091796792/Conditional-cash-transfers-and-female-schooling-the-impact-of-the-female-school-stipend-program-on-public-school-enrollments-in-Punjab-Pakistan
  25. ^ "Pervaiz resigns as Leader of Opposition in NA -DAWN - Top Stories; September 15, 2008". Daily Times. 15 September 2008. Archived from the original on 30 October 2013. Retrieved 4 March 2017.
  26. ^ a b "PML-Q gets all that it wanted; deputy PM, 15 ministers". DAWN.COM. 26 June 2012. Archived from the original on 5 March 2017. Retrieved 4 March 2017.
  27. ^ "•Zardari 'accepts all demands' •Pervez Elahi to be Deputy PM: PPP and Q agree to seal deal". DAWN.COM. 29 April 2011. Archived from the original on 5 March 2017. Retrieved 4 March 2017.
  28. ^ "Pervaiz Elahi to run for NA-105". DAWN.COM. 30 January 2013. Archived from the original on 5 March 2017. Retrieved 4 March 2017.
  29. ^ "Dunya News: Pakistan:-Pervez Elahi wins NA-105 seat..." dunyanews.tv. Archived from the original on 12 September 2017. Retrieved 4 March 2017.
  30. ^ Butt, Waseem Ashraf (27 July 2018). "PML-Q, PTI alliance makes clean sweep in Gujrat". DAWN.COM. Retrieved 16 August 2018.
  31. ^ Khan, Iftikhar A. (14 August 2018). "By-polls on 11 NA seats to be held within two months". DAWN.COM. Retrieved 16 August 2018.
  32. ^ "Pervez Elahi set to be elected as Speaker Punjab Assembly". The News. 15 August 2018. Retrieved 16 August 2018.
  33. ^ "Pervez Elahi elected Speaker Punjab Assembly". The News. 16 August 2018. Retrieved 16 August 2018.
  34. ^ "KP, Sindh chief ministers elected; Punjab Assembly elects Elahi as speaker". DAWN.COM. 16 August 2018. Retrieved 16 August 2018.
  35. ^ "Notification". www.pap.gov.pk. Punjab Assembly. Retrieved 28 August 2018.
  36. ^ Rana Bilal, Dawn.com (15 August 2018). "Governor Punjab Rafique Rajwana resigns". DAWN.COM. Retrieved 28 August 2018.
  37. ^ "CM launches Rs15b worth of schemes". The Express Tribune. 28 December 2022. Retrieved 21 October 2024.
  38. ^ "Punjab CM approves health card extension, free medicines". DAWN.COM. 31 July 2022. Retrieved 21 October 2024.
  39. ^ "Parvez Elahi denotified as chief minister". www.thenews.com.pk. Retrieved 20 March 2023.
  40. ^ Farooq, Umar (12 January 2023). "CM Elahi signs summary for dissolving Punjab Assembly". DAWN News. Retrieved 12 January 2023.
  41. ^ Sadozai, Irfan (22 January 2023). "Mohsin Naqvi sworn in as Punjab caretaker chief minister". DAWN News. Retrieved 22 January 2023.
  42. ^ a b Dawn.com (7 March 2023). "Parvez Elahi appointed PTI president". DAWN.COM. Retrieved 24 August 2024.
  43. ^ a b "A top ally of Pakistan's imprisoned former premier Imran Khan is released on bail in graft case". Associated Press. 22 May 2024. Retrieved 22 May 2024.
  44. ^ "List of PTI Candidates for Provincial Elections In Punjab". Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf. 19 April 2023. Retrieved 21 April 2023.
  45. ^ Butt, Waseem Ashraf (21 January 2024). "It's aunt versus nephew on two Gujrat seats". DAWN.COM. Retrieved 23 October 2024.
  46. ^ Shaheen, Sardar Sikander (28 May 2024). "'Rigging' in PP-32: ECP set to hear Elahi's plea today". Brecorder. Retrieved 23 October 2024.
  47. ^ "Elahi's wife moves SC for declaring her victory in NA-64". www.thenews.com.pk. Retrieved 23 October 2024.
  48. ^ "Parvez Elahi suffers bone fracture after falling in Adiala jail washroom". The Nation. 19 March 2024. Retrieved 23 October 2024.
  49. ^ "Elahi suffers fracture in bathroom fall". The Express Tribune. 19 March 2024. Retrieved 23 October 2024.
  50. ^ "Profile". Open Library. Retrieved 15 August 2023.

Notes

  1. ^ Also spelt as Chuhdary Parvez Elahi, Chaudhary Parvez Elahi, or referred to as Pervaiz Elahi or Pervez Elahi.
Political offices
Preceded by Chief Minister of Punjab
2002–2007 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Leader of the Opposition
2008 		Succeeded by
New office Deputy Prime Minister of Pakistan
2012–2013 		Succeeded by
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Parvez_Elahi&oldid=1259487309"