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ANO (political party)

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ANO 2011
LeaderAndrej Babiš
Deputy LeadersKarel Havlíček
Richard Brabec
Alena Schillerová
Radek Vondráček
Chamber of Deputies LeaderAlena Schillerová
Senate LeaderJana Mračková Vildumetzová
European Parliament LeaderKlára Dostálová
Founded11 May 2012; 12 years ago (2012-05-11)
HeadquartersBabická 2329/2, Prague
Think tankInstitute for Politics and Society
Youth wingYoung ANO[1]
Membership (2021)2,676[2]
Ideology
Political positionRight-wing[28]
European affiliationPatriots.eu (2024–present)
Historical:
Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe (2014–2024)
European Parliament groupPatriots for Europe
(2024–present)[nb 1]
Colours  Indigo
SloganAno, bude líp
('Yes, things will get better')
Chamber of Deputies
71 / 200
Senate
12 / 81
European Parliament
7 / 21
Regional councils
292 / 675
Governors of the regions
8 / 13
Local councils
1,692 / 61,892
Prague City Assembly
14 / 65
Website
www.anobudelip.cz

ANO[a] (lit. 'Yes'), officially called ANO 2011, is a right-wing populist political party in the Czech Republic, led by businessman Andrej Babiš, who served as Prime Minister from 2017 to 2021.

Formed in 2011, the party finished second in the first elections it contested in 2013, entering government as a junior partner to the Czech Social Democratic Party led by Prime Minister Bohuslav Sobotka. After large gains in the 2017 election, these two parties switched places, with Babiš becoming prime minister in an ANO-led government with social democrats as the junior partner, plus external support from the Communist Party of Bohemia and Moravia, a post-revolution first for the country. ANO was closely defeated in the 2021 election by the Spolu coalition and went into opposition for the first time. The party has performed consistently strongly in Czech elections since 2013, winning every European Parliament election it has entered, and participating in regional and municipal administrations around the country.

The party's ideological character is contested by political scientists, though it is widely considered to be populist in nature. After being formed predominantly as an anti-corruption vehicle, the party has at different times been considered centrist, liberal, conservative, or right-wing by different commentators, leading to a further characterisation as a syncretic or catch-all party. More recently, the party has positioned itself to the right, co-founding Patriots for Europe, a group in the European Parliament that is made up of Eurosceptic parties that primarily adhere to national conservatism and right-wing populism.

History

[edit]

Foundation

[edit]

The party's founding was preceded by interventions from leader and founder Andrej Babiš commenting on systemic corruption in the Czech political system. It was established as an association in November 2011 under the name Action of Dissatisfied Citizens (Czech: Akce nespokojených občanů), and formally registered as a political party in the Czech Republic under the name ANO 2011 on 11 May 2012.[29][30]

In the parliamentary election held on 25 and 26 October 2013, ANO won 18.7% of the vote and 47 seats in the Chamber of Deputies, finishing in second place behind the Czech Social Democratic Party.[31]

First government participation (2011–2017)

[edit]

On 29 January 2014, the Cabinet of the social democratic prime minister Bohuslav Sobotka was sworn in,[32] with ANO and the Christian and Democratic Union – Czechoslovak People's Party as junior coalition partners.[33]

On 24–25 May 2014, ANO came first in the 2014 European election, winning 16.13% of votes and four seats.[34] The party joined the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe (ALDE) group in the European Parliament.[35] On 10 September 2014, ANO member Věra Jourová was named European Commissioner for Justice, Consumers and Gender Equality in the Juncker Commission.[36] On 21 November 2014, ANO was granted full membership of the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party (ALDE Party) at a congress in Lisbon.[37]

In the 2014 senate and municipal elections held on 10–11 October 2014, ANO won four seats in the Senate, and was the largest party in 8 of the 10 biggest cities in the Czech Republic, including Prague.[citation needed] The party took mayoral offices in the three largest cities (Prague, Brno and Ostrava), and Adriana Krnáčová became the first female mayor of Prague.[38] However, many of the municipal coalitions involving ANO subsequently dissolved due to disagreements within the party.[39]

In the run-up to the 2016 regional elections, Babiš started Babiš's Cafe, a television show consisting of interviews with Babiš by Pavla Charvátová, as well as viewers' questions.[40] Two parties split from ANO citing a lack of democracy and discussion within the party: Change for People and PRO 2016 (English: FOR 2016), the latter of which was joined by numerous local councillors and mayors from ANO.[41][42] Some of those leaving attributed their departure to conflicts related to candidate selection, alleging that the main criterion for candidates to regional councils was loyalty, rather than ability.[43][44] ANO also lost one MP in July 2016 when Kristýna Zelienková left the party.[45]

Nonetheless, ANO won the 2016 regional elections and the first round of the 2016 senate election. The party came first in nine regions and second in the other four regions; its victory in South Bohemia was particularly unexpected.[46] ANO emerged from the election with five governors,[47] one of whom, the Karlovy Vary Governor Jana Vildumetzová, became chair of the Association of Regions.[48] Three ANO candidates were elected in the second round of the senate election, considered a disappointing result for the party.[49]

On 11 October 2017, MEP Pavel Telička announced his departure from the party.[50] Another MEP, Petr Ježek, left ANO on 23 January 2018.[51]

Minority government (2017–2021)

[edit]
Prime minister Babiš meeting with the leaders of the Visegrád Group countries in Budapest in November 2021

On 20–21 October 2017, ANO won the 2017 Czech parliamentary election with 29.6% of the vote.[52] ANO formed the short-lived first Babiš government with independent ministers on 13 December 2017, failing a vote of confidence on 16 January 2018. On 12 July 2018 the second Babiš government was formed, with social democrats joining as the junior coalition partner.[53] The cabinet received external support from the Communist Party of Bohemia and Moravia.

In the 2018 municipal elections, the party again came first, but lost its mayoral offices of Prague and Brno to the Czech Pirate Party and Civic Democratic Party, respectively.[citation needed]

In May 2019, ANO came first in the 2019 European election with 21.2% of the vote, returning six MEPs.[citation needed]

In the 2020 regional elections, the party lost two governors' offices, but joined various regional coalitions, forming a cordon sanitaire against the far-right Freedom and Direct Democracy and the Communist Party of Bohemia and Moravia.[54]

Opposition (since 2021)

[edit]
The founder and the leader of ANO, Andrej Babiš in November 2023

ANO went into the 2021 parliamentary election leading in opinion polls, but finished second behind the Spolu coalition, though with a higher number of seats.[55]

Following the 2024 European Parliament election on 21 June 2024, the party unilaterally withdrew from both the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party and Renew Europe group.[56][57] On 30 June 2024, Babiš launched the Patriots for Europe, along with Prime Minister of Hungary and Fidesz party leader Viktor Orbán and Freedom Party of Austria leader Herbert Kickl.[58] Patriots for Europe reached the criteria for becoming a European Parliament group on 8 July.[59]

Ideology and platform

[edit]
Andrej Babiš visits Donald Trump at the White House in March 2019

ANO's political position is debated among politicians and political scientists. Political scientists historically placed ANO in the centre[66] and centre-right.[74] More recently, Bne IntelliNews evaluated ANO as taking a right-wing direction after it left Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party (ALDE Party) and Renew Europe in 2024,[21] while other sources have described the party as conservative,[76] centre-right populist,[77] and right-wing populist.[3][4] Babiš himself stated in an interview in 2014 that ANO was "a right-wing party with social empathy".[25] ANO's ideology has been widely described as populist.[3][4][5][6][7][8][9] ANO 2011 has also been characterised as technocratic,[5][78] techno-populist,[79] syncretic,[80] and a big tent or catch-all party.[81][82] However, given its former membership in the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party (ALDE Party) and Renew Europe, which mostly comprise liberal parties, ANO has also historically been described as liberal,[83] conservative-liberal,[84] centre-right liberal,[85] liberal-conservative,[86] and liberal-populist.[87] Ideologically, the party had similarities with the Christian and Democratic Union – Czechoslovak People's Party[88][89] and the now-defunct Public Affairs.[90] Additionally, ANO, or more specifically Babiš, has been compared to Silvio Berlusconi from Forza Italia or former President of the United States Donald Trump.[91]

ANO generally opposes economic liberalism, unlike its main rival, the Civic Democratic Party.[91] In some spheres, such as tax policy, Babiš introduced centre-left elements to the movement's politics, including the abolition of the partial tax exemption for self-employed persons and restoration of the partial tax exemption for employed pensioners. He also introduced a proposal to increase school teacher wages by 2.5%, as opposed to his ministry's original proposal for a 1% increase.[92] In the area of healthcare, Babiš has criticised public health insurance companies for their level of spending.[93]

ANO is generally described as a Eurosceptic or a soft Eurosceptic party.[94][95][96][97] Daniel Kaiser of Echo24 called the party's stance towards the EU "Euro-opportunism".[98] Babiš stated that ANO opposes the Czech Republic's adoption of the Euro, further European integration, immigration quotas, and "Brussels bureaucracy".[94][99] Babiš stated later that he was open to adopting the euro once the Czech Republic had a balanced budget. He also argued in favour of closer ties with Germany and said the Czech Republic was already ready to sign the Fiscal Compact treaty at the time of the interview in 2014.[100] Though ANO initially supported military aid to Ukraine following the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, by June 2022, Babiš was calling for an end to Czech military aid, stating that the objective of preventing a Russian takeover of the entirety of Ukraine had been achieved.[101] Babiš advocated for a peace deal between Russia and Ukraine in the Russo-Ukrainian War during his 2023 Czech presidential election campaign, criticising his opponent's absolute support for Ukraine.[102] Babiš has also opposed potential Ukrainian EU membership, describing it as a "complete catastrophe".[103]

Multiple candidates that were elected for the party have left ANO since 2014, asserting that it is no longer a liberal party.[104] After the 2017 Czech parliamentary election, ANO formed a minority government with support from the Communist Party of Bohemia and Moravia, ending the cordon sanitaire against them. Following the 2021 Czech parliamentary election, Euronews speculated that ANO may try to position itself as a left-wing and populist opposition party, in order to absorb votes from the social democrats, communists and Přísaha, all of which remained outside of parliament after failing to cross the required 5% threshold.[105] The communists also endorsed Babiš in the presidential election in 2023.[106][better source needed] In other respects, the party has gradually shifted to the right. In early 2023, many from the party leadership signalled the party's shift towards conservatism, both socially and fiscally, as Babiš was cooperating with Hungarian prime minister Viktor Orbán and the Conservative Political Action Conference (CPAC). The agenda for the party's 2023 conference specifically stated Babiš to be a "conservative leader".[75] The ANO leadership has also criticised the centre-right Civic Democratic Party, claiming that it is no longer right-wing, but is instead in the "progressive camp" with the Czech Pirate Party.[107]

Organization

[edit]

Structure

[edit]
ANO 2011 headquarters in Třebíč, Třebíč District

ANO has a highly centralised organisational structure. The strongest position is that of the chair, who acts independently when representing the party. The highest body of ANO is its National Assembly, which meets at least once every two years. Other national offices include membership of the Party Committee and the Bureau. The Bureau is led by the chair. Regional assemblies can elect their own chairs; however, they must be approved by the Bureau before they can take office. The Bureau also approves all candidates for elections.[108][109] For these reasons, and considering Babiš's businesses, it has been described as a business-firm party.[110]

Associated organizations

[edit]

The Institute for Politics and Society, founded in October 2014, is a think tank affiliated with ANO.[111][112][113] In March 2015, journalist Jan Macháček became the chairman of the institute.[114]

Youth wing

[edit]

Young ANO, the party's youth wing, was established on 1 May 2015,[115] with Kateřina Reiblová as the inaugural leader. She resigned in July 2015, with Babiš stating that she was disgusted by the media.[116] She was replaced by Tomáš Krátký, who was elected as chair during the organisation's first convention.[117][118]

European affiliation

[edit]
ANO leader, Andrej Babiš, speaking at the 2023 Conservative Political Action Conference (CPAC) in Hungary

ANO joined the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe (ALDE) group in June 2014,[119] and the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party (ALDE party) in November 2014.[120] ANO was described variously as "a headache" and a "thorn in the side" for the liberal group.[56][14] Other members of these groups criticised Babiš and questioned his commitment to the ethos of these organisations due to Babiš being invited to, attending, and speaking at the Conservative Political Action Conference (CPAC) in Budapest, Hungary, in May 2023.[104][121]

During the 2023 Slovak parliamentary election, Babiš expressed support for Robert Fico's Smer–SD and Peter Pellegrini's Hlas-SD in Slovakia, over ALDE member Progressive Slovakia.[122]

In June 2024, ANO unilaterally resigned from both the ALDE party and its affiliated Renew Europe group in the European Parliament.[56] On 30 June 2024, ANO, the Freedom Party of Austria and Hungarian party Fidesz launched the new group Patriots for Europe,[123][124] which was officially formed on 8 July, replacing the Identity and Democracy group at the European political level.[125]

Election results

[edit]

Chamber of Deputies

[edit]
Year Leader Vote Vote % Seats +/− Place Position
2013 Andrej Babiš 927,240 18.65
47 / 200
 New 2nd Coalition
2017 Andrej Babiš 1,500,113 29.64
78 / 200
 Increase 31 1st Minority (2017–2018)
Coalition (2018–2021)
2021 Andrej Babiš 1,458,140 27.13
72 / 200
 Decrease 6 2nd Opposition

Senate

[edit]
Election Candidates First round Second round Seats Total Seats Notes
Votes % Runners-up Place Votes % Place
2012 7 14,503 1.65
0 / 27
 7th N/A N/A N/A
0 / 27
0 / 81
2014 1 2,060 15.6
1 / 1
 2nd 3,532 49.1 2nd
0 / 1
0 / 81
 By-election in Prague-10 district
2014 26 180,136 17.55
9 / 27
 2nd 71,739 15.14 3rd
4 / 27
4 / 81
2016 27 154,594 17.54
14 / 27
 1st 92,051 21.71 1st
3 / 27
7 / 81
2018 1 5,728 25.21
1 / 1
 2nd 14,859 32.88 2nd
0 / 1
6 / 81
 By-election in Trutnov district.
2018 1 2,211 12.98
0 / 1
 4th  
6 / 81
 By-election in Zlín district.
2018 22 147,477 13.54
10 / 27
 2nd 57,500 13.75 2nd
1 / 27
7 / 81
2019 1 2,391 12.46
0 / 1
 4th  
0 / 1
6 / 81
 By-election in Prague 9 district.
2020 18 115,202 11.55
9 / 27
 3rd 39,473 8.74 4th
1 / 27
5 / 81
2022 22 244,516 21.98
19 / 27
 1st 244,516 31.12 1st
3 / 27
5 / 81
2024 23 224,350 28.27
19 / 27
 1st 157,287 40.27 1st
8 / 27
12 / 81

European Parliament

[edit]
Election List leader Votes % Seats +/− EP Group
2014 Pavel Telička 244,501 16.13 (#1)
4 / 22
 New ALDE
2019 Dita Charanzová 502,343 21.18 (#1)
6 / 21
 Increase 2 RE
2024 Klára Dostálová 776,158 26.12 (#1)
7 / 21
 Increase 1 PfE

Regional elections

[edit]
Year Vote Vote % Seats Places
2016 533,061 21.05%
176 / 675
 9× 1st, 4× 2nd
2020 604,441 21.83%
178 / 675
 10× 1st, 2× 2nd, 1x 3rd
2024 842,947 35.38%
292 / 675
 10x 1st, 3x 2nd

Local elections

[edit]
Election Share of votes in % Councillors
2014
14.59
 1,600
2018
14.9
 1,692
2022
1,748

Prague municipal elections

[edit]
Year Leader Vote Vote % Seats +/− Place Position
2014 Adriana Krnáčová 4,574,610 22.1
17 / 65
 New 1st Coalition
2018 Petr Stuchlík 3,893,968 15.4
12 / 65
 Decrease 5 5th Opposition
2022 Patrik Nacher 4,559,782 19.34
14 / 65
 Increase 2 2nd Opposition

Presidential elections

[edit]
Direct election Candidate First round result Second round result
Votes % Result Votes % Result
2023 Andrej Babiš 1,952,213 34.99 Runner-up 2,400,271 41.67 Lost

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ Akce Nespokojených Občanů (lit. 'Action of Dissatisfied Citizens')
  1. ^ The party was formerly part of the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe group (2014–2019), and subsequent Renew Europe group (2019–2024).

References

[edit]
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