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23rd Ohio Infantry Regiment

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23rd Ohio Infantry Regiment
Active1861–1865
CountryUnited States of America
BranchUnion Army
TypeRegiment
Size950 soldiers at outset of the war
Engagements
Commanders
Notable
commanders
Ohio U.S. Volunteer Infantry Regiments 1861-1865
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22nd Ohio Infantry Regiment 24th Ohio Infantry Regiment

The 23rd Ohio Infantry Regiment was an infantry regiment in the Union Army during much of the American Civil War. It served in the Eastern Theater in a variety of campaigns and battles, and is remembered with a stone memorial on the Antietam National Battlefield not far from Burnside's Bridge.

The regiment later became noted for its many up-and-coming politicians. Future presidents Rutherford B. Hayes and William McKinley served in this unit, as did future U.S. senator and associate justice of the United States Supreme Court Stanley Matthews and Robert P. Kennedy, a future U.S. Congressman. Other notable officers included James M. Comly and Eliakim P. Scammon, both of whom became influential nationally after the war. Harrison Gray Otis, the famed owner and publisher of the Los Angeles Times, also fought with the 23rd Ohio during the war.

Organization and service

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The 23rd Ohio Infantry Regiment was organized at Camp Chase (Columbus, Ohio) and mustered into duty on June 11, 1861, as a three-year regiment. Its 950 enlistees were originally led by Col. William Rosecrans. In July, after training and drilling, the regiment departed for western Virginia, where it served for several months, helping to restore that portion of Virginia to the Union. The 23rd was attached to Jacob D. Cox's Kanawha Brigade and served throughout much of the war in what became the IX Corps. The unit saw heavy action during the Battle of South Mountain, where Colonel Hayes was wounded in an attack on the slopes near Fox's Gap. Within a week, the regiment fought at Antietam in the fields southeast of Sharpsburg, Maryland, before returning to duty in West Virginia. It was again heavily engaged in Philip Sheridan's 1864 Valley Campaign. The regiment mustered out in July 1865.

The regiment lost 5 officers and 154 enlisted men killed and mortally wounded, and 1 officer and 130 enlisted men by disease (total 290 out of 2230 who were members of the regiment at various times).

Affiliations, battle honors, detailed service, and casualties

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Organizational affiliation

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Attached to:[1]

  • Attached to Cox's Kanawha Brigade, WV, to September 1861
  • Scammon's Brigade, District of the Kanawha, WV, to October 1861
  • 3rd Brigade, Kanawha Division, to March 1862
  • 1st Brigade, Kanawha Division, Department of the Mountains, to September 1862
  • 1st Brigade, Kanawha Division, IX Corps, Army of the Potomac (AoP), to October 1862
  • 1st Brigade, Kanawha Division, District of West Virginia, Department of the Ohio, to March 1863
  • 1st Brigade, 3rd Division, VIII Corps, Middle Department, to June 1863
  • 1st Brigade, Scammon's Division, Department of West Virginia (DoWV), to December 1863
  • 1st Brigade, 3rd Division, DoWV, to April 1864
  • 1st Brigade, 2nd Infantry, Division West Virginia, to January 1865
  • 1st Brigade, 1st Infantry, Division West Virginia, to April 1865
  • 4th Provisional Division West Virginia to July 1865

List of battles

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The official list of battles in which the regiment bore a part:[2][3][4]

Detailed service

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The 23rd Ohio Volunteer Infantry's detailed service is as follows:[5]

1861

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  • Organized at Camp Chase, Columbus, OH, and mustered in June 11, 1861
  • Left State for Benwood, WV, July 25
  • Moved to Weston July 28
  • Duty at Weston, Suttonville, Summerville and Glenville till September
  • Action at Cross Lanes, WV, August 26, 1861
  • Action at Carnifex Ferry September 10
  • Moved to Little Sewell Mountain September 15
  • Retreat to New River October
  • Operations in Kanawha Valley and New River Region October 19-November 16
  • Cotton Mountain November 11-12
  • At Fayette Court House till April, 1862
  • Occupation of Raleigh Court House December 28, 1861, to April, 1862 (Cos. "A, "B," "F," "G").

1862

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  • Action at mouth of Blue Stone February 8
  • Advance on Princeton April 23-May 1
  • Camp Creek May 1 (Co. "C"). Princeton May 5
  • Giles Court House May 7-10
  • Flat Top Mountain July 4
  • Pack's Ferry, New River, August 6
  • Movement to Washington, DC, August 15-24
  • Maryland Campaign September 6-22
  • Battle of South Mountain September 14
  • Battle Antietam September 16-17
  • Moved to Chambersburg October 8
  • Expedition after Stuart October 13-14
  • Moved to Clarksburg, Suttonville, Summerville, Gauley Bridge and Kanawha Falls, October 26-November 14
  • Duty at Falls of the Great Kanawha November 18, 1862, to March 15, 1863, and at Charleston till July

1863

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  • Expedition to Piney in pursuit of Loring July 5-14
  • Thence moved in pursuit of Morgan July 2-26
  • Action at Pomeroy, Ohio, July 18
  • Little Hocking River July 19
  • Return to Charleston, WV, and duty there till April 1864
  • Morris Mills July 31, 1863
  • Expedition to Wayne Court House November 24-28, 1863

1864

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  • Crook's Raid on Virginia & Tennessee Railroad May 2-19
  • Battle of Cloyd's Mountain May 9
  • New River Bridge and Doublin Depot May 10
  • Meadow Bluff May 24
  • Hunter's Raid to Lynchburg May 26-July 1
  • Covington June 2
  • Piedmont June 5
  • Buffalo Gap June 6
  • Lexington June 11-12
  • Diamond Hill June 17
  • Lynchburg June 17-18
  • Buford's Gap June 19
  • About Salem June 21
  • Moved to Shenandoah Valley July 12-15
  • Battle of Winchester July 24
  • Martinsburg July 25
  • Sheridan's Shenandoah Valley Campaign August 7-November 28
  • Strasburg and Fisher's Hill August 15
  • Summit Point August 24
  • Halltown August 26
  • Berryville September 3
  • Battle of Opequan, Winchester, September 19
  • Fisher's Hill September 22
  • Battle of Cedar Creek October 19
  • Duty at Kernstown till December 20
  • Kablestown November 20 and 30
  • Moved to Stephenson's Depot December 20
  • Thence to Martinsburg, WV, December 29

1865

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  • To Cumberland, MD, January 1, 1865
  • Duty at Cumberland till July
  • Mustered out July 26, 1865.

Casualties and losses

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Regiment lost during service 5 Officers and 154 Enlisted men killed and mortally wounded and 1 Officer and 130 Enlisted men by disease. Total 290.

Notable members

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See also

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References

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Citations

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  1. ^ Dyer (1908), p. 1507; Federal Publishing Company (1908), pp. 375–376; Reid (1868), pp. 158–169.
  2. ^ Dyer (1908), p. 1507; Federal Publishing Company (1908), pp. 375–376; Ohio Roster Commission (1887), p. 69; Reid (1868), pp. 158–169.
  3. ^ NPS 23rd Regiment, Ohio Infantry (2007).
  4. ^ CAC-BGSU, 23rd Ohio Volunteer Infantry (2011).
  5. ^ Dyer (1908), p. 1507.

Sources

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Further reading

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  • A Night March After a Union Man: Leaves From the Diary of a Member of Company A, Twenty-third Regiment, Ohio Volunteers. by a Member of Company A. 4 pgs. NP. 186? Call# Hayes GNR E525.4 .D5. Rutherford B. Hayes Presidential Center Library and Archives. Spiegel Grove. Fremont. Ohio. 43420. Phone: 419-332-2081
  • The Rudulph Collection of Civil War Letters. by Private James K. Rudulph. Co.A 23rd OVI. 1862-1864. 12 letters. Edited by Dan R. Brook. West Virginia History. Vol. 50. 1991. Archives and History section of the West Virginia Division of Culture and History.
  • Annual Reunion of the 23d Ohio Volunteer Infantry, at Willoughby, Ohio, September 17, 1878. Anniversary of the Battle of Antietam. Address of Comrade J. C. Cowin. J.C. Cowin. 20 pgs. NP. 1878
  • Remarks of Gen. Rutherford B. Hayes, at the Annual Reunion of the Twenty-third Regiment, Ohio Vet. Vol. Inf., at Youngstown, Ohio, September 17, 1879. Rutherford B. Hayes. 11 pgs. NP. 1879. NHi
  • Remarks of General Rutherford B. Hayes at the Reunion of the 23rd Ohio Veterans, Canton Ohio, September 1, 1880. Rutherford B. Hayes. 4 pgs. NP. 1880. Ohio Historical Society. Columbus. Ohio
  • Annual Re-union of the 23d Regimental Band, with 23rd Ohio Regiment, V.V.I., 1st Brigade, 1st Division, Department of West Virginia. NA. NP. 1887? Call# E525.5 23rd .O4. Rutherford B. Hayes Presidential Center Library and Archives. Spiegel Grove. Fremont. Ohio. 43420. Phone: 419-332-2081
  • From Camp White to Camp Crook. The Campaign of the 23rd Ohio in the Hunter Raid. Paper Read by Gen. R.B. Hayes at a Reunion of the 23rd Ohio. pgs. 274-277. December 17 1887. The Ohio Soldier and National Picket Guard. Chillicothe. Ohio
  • The Battle of Clark's Hollow W.Va. May 1st, 1862. by Capt. F.M. Kelley Co. C. 23rd Ohio Volunteer Inf. Sgt. Co. C at the time. Pgs. 602-604. May 5 1888. The Ohio Soldier and National Picket Guard. Chillicothe. Ohio
  • "The Dublin Raid." Campaigning with Gen. Geo. Crook in 1864. by Edwin C. Arthur. Co G. 23rd O.V.V.I. The Ohio Soldier and National Picket Guard. Chillicothe. Ohio. Pgs 321-323. January 5 1889; Pgs 337-339. January 19 1889; Pgs 353-355. February 2 1889; Pgs 370-372. February 16 1889; Pgs 386-387. March 2 1889; Pg 402. March 16 1889; Pgs 418-419. March 30 1889; Pgs 433-436. April 13 1889. Thanks to Larry Strayer for this source.
  • In Memoriam James M. Comly. James M. Comly 23rd OVI. 81 pgs. NP. Columbus? 1890? Library of Congress. Washington DC
  • Roster of the Surviving Members of the Twenty-third Regiment O.V.V.I., August, 1896. NA. 14 pgs. Mount & Co. Printers. Cleveland. Ohio. 1896. Call# General 973.7471 J23r. Ohio Historical Society. Columbus. Ohio
  • Incidents at the Battle of Cedar Creek. Rutherford B. Hayes. Found in: Sketches of War History. 1861-1865. Papers prepared for the Ohio Commandery of the Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States. 1890-1896. Editor: W.H. Chamberlin. Published by the Commandery. p. 235-245. Volume IV. The Robert Clark Co. Cincinnati. 1896
  • President McKinley's Visit to Fremont, Ohio, Reunion of the 23rd O.V.V., The Regiment of Two Preidents. H.K. Watkins. 32 pgs. Toledo Critic. Vol. VIII. No. 8. Saturday, August 28, 1897. Reunion Souvenir Number. Ohio Historical Society. Columbus. Ohio


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