View source for USS Angler

{{short description|Submarine of the United States}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2021}}
{|{{Infobox ship begin}}
{{Infobox ship image
|Ship image=USS Angler (SSK-240) underway c1955.jpg
|Ship caption=''Angler'' underway after her SSK-conversion
}}
{{Infobox ship career
|Hide header=
|Ship country=United States
|Ship flag={{USN flag|1968}}
|Ship name=
|Ship ordered=
|Ship builder=[[General Dynamics Electric Boat]], [[Groton, Connecticut]]<ref name="FriedmanSubs1-dates">{{cite book|last=Friedman|first=Norman|title=U.S. Submarines Through 1945: An Illustrated Design History|publisher=[[United States Naval Institute]]|year=1995|location=[[Annapolis, Maryland]]|pages=285–304|isbn=1-55750-263-3}}</ref>
|Ship laid down=9 November 1942<ref name="FriedmanSubs1-dates"/>
|Ship launched=4 July 1943<ref name="FriedmanSubs1-dates"/>
|Ship sponsor=Mrs. Patrick H. Drewry
|Ship acquired=
|Ship commissioned=1 October 1943<ref name="FriedmanSubs1-dates"/>
|Ship decommissioned=2 February 1947<ref name="FriedmanSubs1-dates"/>
}}
{{Infobox ship career
|Hide header=yes
|Ship recommissioned=2 April 1951<ref name="FriedmanSubs1-dates"/>
|Ship decommissioned=10 November 1952<ref name="FriedmanSubs1-dates"/>
}}
{{Infobox ship career
|Hide header=yes
|Ship recommissioned=10 September 1953<ref name="FriedmanSubs1-dates"/>
|Ship decommissioned=1 April 1968<ref name="FriedmanSubs1-dates"/>
|Ship in service=
|Ship out of service=
|Ship struck=15 December 1971<ref name="FriedmanSubs1-dates"/>
|Ship reinstated=
|Ship fate=Sold for scrap, 1 February 1974<ref name="Register">{{cite book|last=Bauer|first=K. Jack|author2=Roberts, Stephen S. |title=Register of Ships of the U.S. Navy, 1775-1990: Major Combatants|publisher=Greenwood Press|year=1991|location=[[Westport, Connecticut]]|pages=271–273|isbn=0-313-26202-0}}</ref>
}}
{{Infobox ship characteristics
|Hide header=
|Header caption=
|Ship class=[[Gato class submarine|''Gato''-class]] [[diesel-electric]] [[submarine]]<ref name="Register"/>
|Ship displacement={{convert|1525|LT|t|0|abbr=on}} surfaced,<ref name="Register"/> {{convert|2424|LT|t|0|abbr=on}} submerged<ref name="Register"/>
|Ship length={{convert|311|ft|9|in|abbr=on}}<ref name="Register"/>
|Ship beam={{convert|27|ft|3|in|abbr=on}}<ref name="Register"/>
|Ship draft={{convert|17|ft|abbr=on}} maximum<ref name="Register"/>
|Ship propulsion={{Fleet-boat-propulsion-early-GM-4-GE}}
|Ship speed={{convert|21|kn|km/h|abbr=on|lk=in}} surfaced,<ref name="FriedmanSubs1-specs">''U.S. Submarines Through 1945'' pp. 305-311</ref> {{convert|9|kn|km/h|abbr=on}} submerged<ref name="FriedmanSubs1-specs"/>
|Ship range={{convert|11000|nmi|km|abbr=on}} surfaced @ {{convert|10|kn|km/h|abbr=on}}<ref name="FriedmanSubs1-specs"/>
|Ship endurance=48 hours @ {{convert|2|kn|km/h|abbr=on}} submerged,<ref name="FriedmanSubs1-specs"/> 75 days on patrol
|Ship test depth={{convert|300|ft|m|abbr=on}}<ref name="FriedmanSubs1-specs"/>
|Ship complement=6 officers, 54 enlisted<ref name="FriedmanSubs1-specs"/>
|Ship sensors=
|Ship EW=
|Ship armament={{Fleet-boat-armament-3-inch}}
}}
|}

'''USS ''Angler'' (SS-240)''', a [[Gato class submarine|''Gato''-class submarine]], was the only ship of the [[United States Navy]] to be named for the [[anglerfish]].

==Construction and commissioning==
''Angler''′s [[keel]] was laid down on 9 November 1942 by the [[Electric Boat]] Company in [[Groton, Connecticut]]. She was [[Ship naming and launching#United States|launched]] on 4 July 1943, sponsored by Mrs. Mary E. Drewry (née Metcalf), the wife of Congressman [[Patrick H. Drewry]] of the House Naval Affairs Committee, and [[Ship commissioning#United States Navy|commissioned]] at [[New London, Connecticut]], on 1 October 1943.

==Service history==

===World War II===
Following shakedown in the New London and [[Newport, Rhode Island]], area, ''Angler'' sailed to [[Key West, Florida]]. She arrived on 21 November and after one week of operations with the Fleet Sound School, sailed for [[Pearl Harbor]] on 27 November.

Selected to be transferred from Pearl Harbor, ''Angler'' commenced her first war patrol on 10 January 1944, her patrol to terminate at [[Fremantle, Australia]]. ''Angler'' encountered a Japanese convoy north of the [[Mariana Islands]] on 29 January, and attacked with torpedoes. She claimed to have sunk one ship and damaged two others, but postwar records confirmed only the sinking of ''Shuko Maru''. Having developed "structural noises" which prevented [[Silent running (submarine)|silent running]], ''Angler'' turned back to [[Midway Island]] for repairs, arriving on 4 February.

''Angler'' began her second war patrol on 15 February, assigned the waters off the east coast of the [[Philippines]] in the [[Mindanao Sea]] and [[Sulu Sea]]. While she was nearing her patrol area, [[General]] [[Douglas MacArthur]] had learned that the Japanese were massacring all the civilians they could find on the island of [[Panay]]. MacArthur requested that a submarine be assigned to evacuate what was believed to be about twenty civilians from the island. The task fell to ''Angler'', and she found 58 men, women, and children awaiting rescue. ''Angler'' took all of them on board and berthed them in the forward and after torpedo rooms. Meals were limited to two per day in an attempt to stretch the submarine's overtaxed food supply. Toward the end of the cruise, many of the passengers and crew became nauseous. The captain suspected the water supply may have been contaminated, and requested that the fresh water tanks be cleaned upon arrival at Fremantle on 9 April.

''Angler'' sailed on 3 May for another patrol as one of eight submarines assigned to support the [[Operation Transom]] carrier strike scheduled to hit [[Surabaya]], [[Java]]. Their job would be to sink retreating Japanese ships, to provide lifeguard services, and to guard the major passages from the [[Java Sea]] (the [[Sunda Strait]] and [[Lombok Strait]]) to the [[Indian Ocean]] lest the Japanese try to move into the Indian Ocean to attack the Allied strike force. Launched as scheduled on 17 May the strikes achieved complete surprise.{{citation needed|date=March 2021}}

The only action of the patrol for ''Angler'' came on 20 May, when she torpedoed and sank ''Otori Maru''. Japanese escort vessels administered a bad pounding{{according to whom|date=March 2021}} to ''Angler'', but she escaped damage.

The next day, [[nausea]] again gripped everyone on board ''Angler''. The situation was reported to Fremantle, and the submarine was ordered to return at once. Things onboard ''Angler'' continued to grow worse. On 22 May, Lieutenant Commander Olsen noted in the log: "Physical condition of officers and crew is so bad that it is difficult to maintain watch, either surface or submerged. Put crew on fruit juice alone, no water. Held thorough field day in case boat is contaminated. Exercised special supervision in cooking, dishwashing." On 23 May he wrote, "Decided to run submerged as we did not have enough able-bodied people to maintain proper surface watch."{{citation needed|date=March 2021}}

{{USS|Flasher|SS-249|2}} and {{USS|Childs|AVD-1|2}} were sent to intercept ''Angler'' and lend assistance. {{USS|Crevalle|SS-291|2}} also arrived and transferred a doctor to assist the ailing crewmembers. ''Angler'' finally arrived at Fremantle on 29 May. An investigation concluded that an electrician had taken a can of [[carbon tetrachloride]] on board as a cleaning agent, which was strictly forbidden. Although the illness was attributed the tetrachloride, some{{who|date=March 2021}} suspected that the fresh water tanks had not been cleaned as requested.

''Angler'' began her fourth war patrol on 21 June. She paused to refuel alongside a barge in [[Exmouth Gulf]] on 24 June, and while maneuvering into position, hit an uncharted obstruction. Returning to Fremantle for repairs, ''Angler'' was underway again on 29 June with a new starboard propeller. She rendezvoused with ''Flasher'' and ''Crevalle'' to carry out one of the first "[[Wolfpack (naval tactic)|wolfpack]]" patrols of the war. The group worked the middle area of the [[South China Sea]] and along the [[Indochina|Indochinese]] coast, without success. They were then ordered to move to a position off the west coast of [[Luzon]]. On 25 July, ''Angler'' and her sister ships picked up a large northbound convoy and began a series of attacks over the next few days. While ''Angler'' failed to damage any ships, the pack as a whole sank six ships for 36,000 tons. The patrol continued uneventfully until 23 August, when ''Angler'' returned to Fremantle.

On 18 September, the submarine departed on her next patrol, to operate with {{USS|Bluegill|SS-242|2}} in the Sulu Sea. On 14 October ''Angler'' torpedoed and sank ''Nanrei Maru''.{{citation needed|date=March 2021}}

At 0145 on 22 October, the men on watch on ''Angler''{{'}}s bridge were startled by voices calling out of the darkness. Repeated attempts to locate the source of the voices proved unsuccessful, but the dawn soon revealed "one of the most gruesome sights imaginable as far as you could see ..." the water literally covered with wreckage and dead Japanese, most clad in Army uniforms. Aircraft in the vicinity made it too risky to stop and investigate a lifeboat, but ''Angler'' returned at sunset. At 1806, she brought this boat alongside and counted 26 surviving men, both soldiers and naval ratings. Determining who was the senior officer of the group, the submarine retained three men for questioning, and after giving the men remaining in the boat some food, water, and a course to land, {{convert|80|nmi|km}} away, released the lifeboat. The three prisoners retained on board – [[Second Lieutenant]] Seigi Shimazu, [[Sergeant]] Sei Fuji, and Sergeant Toyonaga Nishikawa – had willingly agreed to go along with the Americans.

At 1915 on 23 October, ''Angler'' made radar contact with the main Japanese force <!-- which one? the Center Force? --> steaming to contest the Allied invasion of [[Battle of Leyte|Leyte]]. ''Angler'' tracked the task force until 0240 the following morning, and her contact reports proved of inestimable value to the American forces off Leyte. Ironically, ''Angler'' had just made the only worthwhile contact with the only worthwhile convoy of her entire patrol. Although the maneuvers to clear the convoy took her {{convert|10|nmi|km|abbr=on}} astern of the task force, ''Angler'' forsook the convoy of civilian ships for the military task force. On 1 November, ''Angler'' rendezvoused with {{USS|Hardhead|SS-365|2}}, and received onboard [[Commander (United States)|Commander]] Fred E. Bakutis, a pilot from Fighting Squadron 20 (VF-20) who had been rescued by ''Hardhead'' a short time before. ''Angler'' returned to Fremantle on 9 November.

On 4 December, ''Angler'' left on her sixth patrol, during which time she served a brief period of lifeguard duty. On 13 December, {{USS|Bergall|SS-320|2}} was fired on by a Japanese [[destroyer]]. A shell tore a large hole in ''Bergall''{{'}}s pressure hull and left the submarine unable to dive. ''Angler'', operating in the Java Sea, received orders to proceed to ''Bergall''{{'}}s assistance, take off the crew and torpedo the ship. She found the crippled submarine on 15 December. ''Bergall''{{'}}s commanding officer, Commander John Hyde, had decided to remain in ''Bergall'' with a skeleton crew. ''Angler'' trailed ''Bergall'' to take everyone off if a Japanese attack threatened. The two submarines traveled nearly {{convert|2000|nmi|km|abbr=on}}, through waters mostly controlled by the enemy, and reached Exmouth Gulf safely on 20 December without seeing any Japanese airplanes or ships.

''Angler'' resumed her patrol, but contacted no enemy shipping. She put in at [[Saipan]] briefly on 6 February 1945, then continued on to Pearl Harbor. ''Angler'' reached the [[West Coast of the United States]] on 24 February, and immediately began overhaul at the [[Bethlehem Steel]] Company yard at [[San Francisco, California]]. She was underway again on 18 May, and by 12 June was ready to begin her seventh and final war patrol. On 27 June, she made a fuel stop at Saipan then sailed to patrol the waters east of [[Honshū]]. At that stage of the war, shipping targets were few and far between, and ''Angler'' made only two contacts. One of these moved away faster than ''Angler'' could close, but the submarine developed the other into an unsuccessful torpedo attack on 25 July.

''Angler'' did, however, conduct three shore bombardment missions during this patrol. The first - on 26 July - found her making a careful reconnaissance to locate a Japanese installation on [[Kinkasan Island]]. From a range of about {{convert|3000|-|4000|yd|abbr=on}}, ''Angler'' hurled 25 {{convert|5|in|mm|abbr=on}} rounds at a target area containing closely bunched buildings, radio towers, and a lighthouse. Although she claimed at least 20 hits, the large clouds of smoke and dust made a closer assessment of damage impossible.{{citation needed|date=March 2021}}

Five days later, on 31 July, after an all-day close-in observation, ''Angler'' surfaced at dusk in a thick fog, off [[Tomakomai]], on [[Hokkaidō]], and fired 50 {{convert|5|in|mm|abbr=on}} rounds at what looked like a thickly congested factory installation. On 1 August, ''Angler'' joined {{USS|Sea Poacher|SS-406|2}} and {{USS|Thornback|SS-418|2}} in carrying out a coordinated gun action against boat sheds and boats; ''Angler'' firing 23 rounds of five-inch, 320 rounds of 40&nbsp;mm and 300 rounds of 20&nbsp;mm.

===Post-War===
''Angler'' arrived at Midway on 9 August, and was there when hostilities ceased on 15 August. She sailed for Pearl Harbor on 26 August and paused there briefly before continuing on to the United States. The submarine transited the [[Panama Canal]] on 14 September, and called at [[New Orleans, Louisiana]] on 20 September. A month of leave and upkeep followed, and on 24 October, ''Angler'' got underway for [[Jacksonville, Florida]]. She continued on to Newport to unload her torpedoes on 2 November, and arrived at New London on 6 November. ''Angler'' sailed to [[Portsmouth, New Hampshire]] in February 1946 to begin deactivation. She returned to New London on 21 April, and was de[[ship commissioning|commissioned]] there on 12 February.{{citation needed|date=March 2021}}

Following her recommissioning on 2 April 1951, ''Angler'' held shakedown in the [[Caribbean Sea]]. She then began operations from her home port of New London. In October 1952, ''Angler'' was decommissioned and entered the [[General Dynamics]] Corporation yard at [[Groton, Connecticut]], for overhaul and conversion. During the overhaul, one of her four diesel engines was removed to make room for advanced sonar equipment, part of her conversion to a "[[hunter-killer submarine]]".  She was redesignated '''[[hull classification symbol#Submarine type|SSK]]-240''' in February 1953.

Upon completion of overhaul, ''Angler'' was recommissioned in September 1953 and rejoined the [[United States Atlantic Fleet|Atlantic Fleet]]. Following her shakedown in the [[West Indies]] from November 1953-March 1954, she returned to New London. She then operated along the [[East Coast of the United States|East Coast]] and in the West Indies for the next two years, taking part in numerous Atlantic Fleet exercises, and spent the period from January through April 1956 undergoing overhaul at the [[Portsmouth Naval Shipyard]]. ''Angler'' made a training cruise to the West Indies, then returned to the East Coast. In October, she deployed to northern [[Europe]] and visited several ports in [[United Kingdom|Britain]] before returning in December to New London.

''Angler'' spent the first eight months of 1957 participating in exercises along the East Coast. On 27 September, she was underway for Europe to take part in [[NATO]] fleet exercises. She then visited [[Dieppe, France]] and the [[Isle of Portland]], [[England]] before returning to New London. Her final operation of the year was a training cruise to [[Bermuda]] in November.

From 24 February-23 March 1958, ''Angler'' participated in Operation "Springboard," held in the West Indies and Caribbean, following those evolutions with numerous training exercises. On 3 November, ''Angler'' once again entered the Portsmouth Naval Shipyard for overhaul. Repairs were completed in March 1959, and the submarine resumed her schedule of operations and exercises along the East Coast. She also rendered services to the Submarine School, New London. In 1960, the ship reverted to her original designation, '''[[hull classification symbol#Submarine type|SS]]-240'''.

On 24 October 1962, ''Angler'' commenced her first deployment to the [[United States Sixth Fleet|6th Fleet]] and conducted operations in the [[Mediterranean Sea]]. In the course of her deployment, she visited ports in [[Spain]], [[Italy]], [[France]], and [[Greece]]. She returned to New London on 6 February 1963 and resumed operations with the submarine school. In 1963, ''Angler'' was redesignated '''[[hull classification symbol#Submarine type|AGSS]]-240'''. For the remainder of her career, the submarine continued her pattern of periodic deployments to the Caribbean and West Indies, made midshipman and [[United States Navy Reserve|Naval Reserve]] training cruises, and operated in conjunction with the submarine school.

''Angler'' was decommissioned on 1 April 1968 and was assigned to the Naval Reserve training program at [[Philadelphia, Pennsylvania]]. On 30 June 1971, she was redesignated '''[[hull classification symbol#Submarine type|IXSS]]-240'''. Her name was struck from the [[Naval Vessel Register]] on 15 December 1971. Sold to the [[Union Minerals and Alloys Corporation]], of [[New York City]] on 1 February 1974, she was removed from naval custody on 4 March 1974 to be broken up for scrap.

==Awards==
''Angler'' won six [[battle star]]s for her [[World War II]] service.

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{DANFS}}

==External links==
*[http://www.pigboats.com/ww2/angler.html Kill Record: USS ''Angler'']

{{Gato_class_submarine}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Angler (Ss-240)}}
[[Category:Gato-class submarines]]
[[Category:World War II submarines of the United States]]
[[Category:Cold War submarines of the United States]]
[[Category:Ships built in Groton, Connecticut]]
[[Category:1943 ships]]