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{{Infobox settlement
| name                    = Purulia II
| other_name              = 
| nickname                = 
| settlement_type         = Community development block
| image_skyline           = File:Purulia-II in Purulia (West Bengal).svg
| image_alt               = 
| image_caption           = 
| pushpin_map             = 
| pushpin_label_position  = right
| pushpin_map_alt         = 
| pushpin_map_caption     = Location in West Bengal, India
| coordinates             = {{coord|23.4300165|N|86.3770866|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type        = Country
| subdivision_name        = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1       = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1       = [[West Bengal]]
| subdivision_type2       = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2       = [[Purulia district|Purulia]]
| established_title       = <!-- Established -->
| established_date        = 
| founder                 = 
| named_for               = 
| government_type          = [[Community development block in India|Community development block]]
| governing_body          = 
| unit_pref               = Metric
| area_footnotes          = 
| area_rank               = 
| area_total_km2          = 310.10
| elevation_footnotes     = 
| elevation_m             = 240
| population_total        = 169,488
| population_as_of        = 2011
| population_rank         = 
| population_density_km2  = auto
| population_demonym      = 
| population_footnotes    = 
| demographics_type1      = Languages
| demographics1_title1    = Official
| demographics1_info1     = [[Bengali language|Bengali]], [[English language|English]]
| timezone1               = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1             = +5:30
| postal_code_type        = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code             = 723147 (Vivekananda Nagar)<br/>723148 (Hutmura)<br/>723163 (Chharra)
| area_code_type          = Telephone/[[Subscriber trunk dialing|STD]] code
| area_code               = 03254     
| registration_plate      = [[List of RTO districts in India#WB.E2.80.94West Bengal|WB]]-55, [[List of RTO districts in India#WB.E2.80.94West Bengal|WB]]-56
| blank1_name_sec1        = Literacy
| blank1_info_sec1        = 63.39%
| blank2_name_sec1        = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank2_info_sec1        = [[Purulia (Lok Sabha constituency)|Purulia]]
| blank3_name_sec1        = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency
| blank3_info_sec1        = [[Purulia (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Purulia]]
| website                 = {{URL|purulia.gov.in/}}
| iso_code                = [[ISO 3166-2:IN|IN-WB]]
| footnotes               =

}}
'''Purulia II''' is a [[Community development block in India|community development block (CD block)]] that forms an administrative division in the [[Purulia Sadar subdivision]] of the [[Purulia district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[West Bengal]].

==History==
===Background===
The Jaina Bhagavati-Sutra of the 5th century AD mentions that Purulia was one of the sixteen mahajanapadas and was a part of the kingdom known as Vajra-bhumi in ancient times. In 1833, the Manbhum district was carved out of the [[Jungle Mahals]] district, with the headquarters at Manbazar. In 1838, the headquarters was transferred to [[Purulia]]. After independence, when Manbhum district was a part of [[Bihar]], efforts were made to impose Hindi on the Bengali-speaking majority of the district and it led to the [[Bengali Language Movement (Manbhum)]]. In 1956, the Manbhum district was partitioned between Bihar and West Bengal under the States Reorganization Act and the Bihar and West Bengal (Transfer of Territories) Act 1956.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://purulia.gov.in/district_profile/dist_profile.html | title = Historical background | access-date = 2008-03-02 | publisher = Purulia District |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080103032840/http://purulia.gov.in/district_profile/dist_profile.html <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archive-date = 2008-01-03}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url =  http://www.purulia.nic.in/distAdmin/departments/dico/bhasa_andolon.html| title = Historical Event: Bhasa Andolan|work= Department of Information and Cultural Affairs| publisher = Purulia.nic.in |access-date =  4 February 2020}}</ref>

==Geography==
[[File:Purulia Tehsil Map.svg|thumb|450px|left|'''CD blocks in Purulia district''']]
Golamara,  a constituent panchayat of Purulia II block, is located at {{coord|23.4300165|N|86.3770866|E|format=dms|}}.

The Purulia II CD block is located in the central part of the district. The [[Kangsabati River]] forms the boundary between the Purulia II and [[Purulia I]] CD blocks. The upper Kangsabati basin has undulating land and the elevation rises from 200 to 300 m and the general slope is from west to east and south-east.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/DCHB/DCHB_A/19/1914_PART_A_DCHB_PURULIYA.pdf |title =  District Census Handbook Puruliya |work = pages 11,12 | publisher= Directorate of Census Operations West Bengal | access-date = 6 December 2016}}</ref>

The Purulia II CD block is bounded by the [[Para (community development block)|Para]] CD block, on the north, the [[Hura (community development block)|Hura]] CD block, on the east, the [[Purulia I]] CD block on the south and a part of the west and the [[Chandankiyari (community development block)|Chandankiyari]] CD block, in the Bokaro district of Jharkhand, on the west.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://purulia.gov.in/distAdmin/blocks/blocks.html  |title = Purulia district |work = Blocks in Purulia district | publisher= Purulia district administration | access-date =  14 September 2016}}</ref>

The Purulia II CD block has an area of 310.10&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>. It has 1 [[Panchayat Samiti (Block)|panchayat samity]], 9 [[gram panchayat]]s, 114 gram sansads (village councils), 116 [[mouza]]s, 101 inhabited villages and 2 census towns. [[Purulia#Police stations|Purulia (Muffasil)]] (partly) and [[Purulia#Police stations|Purulia (Town)]] (partly) police stations serve this block.<ref>{{cite web  |url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook  |title = District Statistical Handbook 2014 Purulia  |work = Tables 2.1, 2.2  |publisher = Department of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal  |access-date = 12 January 2020  |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190121045803/http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook  |archive-date = 21 January 2019  |url-status = dead  }}</ref> Headquarters of this CD Block is at Village – [[Bongabari]], PO – Vivekanandanagar.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://purulia.gov.in/distAdmin/blocks/block_purulia2/block_purulia2.html  |title = Purulia II Development Block  | publisher= Purulia district administration | access-date = 12 September 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/DCHB/DCHB_A/19/1914_PART_A_DCHB_PURULIYA.pdf |title = District Census Handbook: Puruliya | work=  Map of District Puruliya with CD Block HQs and Police Stations (on the fifth page) |publisher=  Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal, 2011 | access-date = 2 December 2016 }}</ref>

[[Gram panchayat]]s of the Purulia II block/[[panchayat samiti]] are: Agoya-Narra, Belma, Bhangra, Chhara-Dumdumi, Ghonga, Golamara, Hutmura, Pindra and Raghabpur.<ref>{{cite web| url =  http://wbprd.gov.in/HtmlPage/PANCHAYATS.aspx |title = Directory of District, Subdivision, Panchayat Samiti/ Block and Gram Panchayats in West Bengal  |work = Purulia - Revised in March 2008 | publisher= Panchayats and Rural Development Department, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 12 January 2020}}</ref>

==Demographics==
===Population===
According to the [[2011 Census of India]], the Purulia II CD block had a total population of 169,488, of which 157,862 were rural and 11,626 were urban. There were 86,462 (51%) males and 83,026 (49%) females. There were 25,437 persons in the age range of 0 to 6 years. The [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Castes]] numbered 46,039 (27.16%) and the [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Tribes]] numbered 8,213 (4.85%).<ref name=census2011>{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/cdb_pca_census/Houselisting-housing-WB.html |title = C.D. Block Wise Primary Census Abstract Data(PCA) | work= 2011 census: West Bengal – District-wise CD Blocks|publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India  | access-date = 12 September 2016}}</ref>

According to the 2001 census, the Purulia II block had a total population of 142,700, out of which 73,407 were males and 69,293 were females. The Purulia II block registered a population growth of 16.50 per cent during the 1991-2001 decade. Decadal growth for the Purulia district was 13.96 per cent.<ref name=census>{{cite web | url = http://web.cmc.net.in/wbcensus/DataTables/02/Table4_14.htm  | title = Provisional population totals, West Bengal, Table 4, Puruliya District | access-date = 12 September 2016 | work = Census of India 2001 | publisher = Census Commission of India|url-status=dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110928205850/http://web.cmc.net.in/wbcensus/DataTables/02/Table4_14.htm|archive-date= 28 September 2011}}</ref> Decadal growth in West Bengal was 17.84 per cent.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wbcensus.gov.in/DataTables/02/Table4_1.htm |title=Provisional Population Totals, West Bengal. Table 4 |access-date= 17 July 2016 |work=Census of India 2001 |publisher=Census Commission of India |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927041813/http://www.wbcensus.gov.in/DataTables/02/Table4_1.htm |archive-date=27 September 2007 }}</ref>

[[Census Town]]s in the Purulia II CD block are (2011 census figures in brackets): [[Raghabpur]] (5,748) and [[Hutmura]] (5,878).<ref name=census2011/>

Large villages (with 4,000+ population) in the Purulia II CD block are (2011 census figures in brackets): [[Bongabari]] (4,215), Sihuli (4,551) and [[Chharra, Purulia|Chharra]] (6,131).<ref name=census2011/>

Other villages in the Purulia II CD block are (2011 census figures in brackets): Pindra (2,512), Bhangra (2,824), Belma (2,773), Dumdumi (3,768), Ghongha (3,803), Golamara (2,954), [[Hatuara]] (2,343) and Agoa (471).<ref name=census2011/>

===Literacy===
According to the 2011 census the total number of literate persons in the Purulia II CD block was 91,314 (63.39% of the population over 6 years) out of which males numbered 56,377 (76.72% of the male population over 6 years) and females numbered 34,937 (49.51%) of the female population over 6 years). The [[Literacy#Gender disparities|gender disparity]] (the difference between female and male literacy rates) was 27.21%.<ref name=census2011/>

See also – [[List of West Bengal districts ranked by literacy rate]]

{{Literacy in CD Blocks of Purulia district|collapsible=y}}

===Language and religion===

{{bar box
|title=Religion in Purulia II CD block (2011)<ref name="religion"/>
|titlebar=#FCD116	
|left1=
|float=left
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Hinduism in West Bengal|Hinduism]]|darkorange|83.58}}
{{bar percent|[[Islam in West Bengal|Islam]]|green|15.95}}
{{bar percent|Other or not stated|black|0.47}}
}}

In the 2011 census Hindus numbered 141,656 and formed 83.58% of the population in the Purulia II CD block. Muslims numbered 27,027 and formed 15.95% of the population. Others numbered 805 and formed 0.47% of the population.<ref name="religion">{{Cite web |date=2011 |title=Table C-01 Population by Religion: West Bengal |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11396/download/14509/DDW19C-01%20MDDS.XLS |website=censusindia.gov.in |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref> Others include Addi Bassi, Marang Boro, Santal, Saranath, Sari Dharma, Sarna, Alchchi, Bidin, Sant, Saevdharm, Seran, Saran, Sarin, Kheria,<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/SCST-Series/ST14A.html |title = ST-14 A Details Of Religions Shown Under 'Other Religions And Persuasions' In Main Table | work= West Bengal |publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India  | access-date = 28 September 2016}}</ref> and other religious communities. In 2001, Hindus were 84.74%, Muslims 14.09% and tribal religions 1.00% of the population respectively.<ref name=censusreligion2001>{{cite web| url = https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/21481/download/24613/PC01_C01_19.xls|title = Table C01 Population by Religious Community: West Bengal |publisher = [[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]] |date=2001}}</ref>

[[Bengali language|Bengali]] is the predominant language, spoken by 98.89% of the population respectively.<ref name="languages">{{Cite web |title=Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: West Bengal |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10226/download/13338/DDW-C16-STMT-MDDS-1900.XLSX |website=www.censusindia.gov.in |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>

==Rural Poverty==
According to the Rural Household Survey in 2005, 32.85% of total number of families were [[Below Poverty Line|BPL]] families in Purulia district.<ref>{{cite web | url =  http://220.225.90.38/Summary/WestBengal.htm| title =West Bengal Summary | work= Rural Household Survey 2005| publisher =  Department of Panchayat & Rural Development, Government of West Bengal |access-date =  11 January 2020}}</ref> According to a World Bank report, as of 2012, 31-38% of the population in Purulia, Murshidabad and Uttar Dinajpur districts were below poverty level, the highest among the districts of West Bengal, which had an average 20% of the population below poverty line.<ref>{{cite web | url =  http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/315791504252302097/pdf/119344-BRI-P157572-West-Bengal-Poverty.pdf| title = West Bengal: Poverty, Growth and Inequality| publisher =  World Bank Group|access-date =  11 January 2020}}</ref>

==Economy==
===Livelihood===
{{Pie chart
|caption= '''Livelihood<br/>in Purulia II CD block'''
|value1 = 17.58
|label1 = Cultivators
|value2 = 37.38
|label2 = Agricultural labourers
|value3 = 5.89
|label3 = Household industries
|value4 = 39.15
|label4 = Other Workers}}

In the Purulia II CD block in 2011, among the class of total workers, cultivators numbered 12,935 and formed 17.58%, agricultural labourers numbered 26,245 and formed 37.38%, household industry workers numbered 4,137 and formed 5.89% and other workers numbered 27,487 and formed 39.15%.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/DCHB/DCHB_A/19/1914_PART_A_DCHB_PURULIYA.pdf|title = District Census Handbook Puruliya, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A |work = Table 33: Distribution of Workers by Sex in Four Categories of Economic Activity  in Sub-district 2011 | publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal| access-date = 12 January 2020}}</ref> Total workers numbered 70,212 and formed 41.43% of the total population, and non-workers numbered 99,276 and formed 58.56% of the population.<ref>{{cite web| url =  http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/DCHB/DCHB_A/19/1914_PART_A_DCHB_PURULIYA.pdf|title = District Census Handbook Puruliya, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A |work = Table 30: Number and percentage of Main workers, Marginal workers and Non workers by Sex, in Sub-districts, 2011 | publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal| access-date = 12 January 2020}}</ref>

<small>Note: In the census records a person is considered a cultivator, if the person is engaged in cultivation/ supervision of land owned by self/government/institution. When a person who works on another person's land for wages in cash or kind or share, is regarded as an agricultural labourer. Household industry is defined as an industry conducted by one or more members of the family within the household or village, and one that does not qualify for registration as a factory under the [[Factories Act,1948, India|Factories Act]]. Other workers are persons engaged in some economic activity other than cultivators, agricultural labourers and household workers. It includes factory, mining, plantation, transport and office workers, those engaged in business and commerce, teachers, entertainment artistes and so on.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/DCHB/DCHB_A/19/1914_PART_A_DCHB_PURULIYA.pdf|title = District Census Handbook Puruliya, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A |work =  Census Concepts and Definitions, Page 23  | publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal| access-date = 12 January 2020}}</ref></small>

===Infrastructure===
There are 101 inhabited villages in the Purulia II CD block, as per the ''District Census Handbook'', Puruliya, 2011. 100% villages have power supply. 95 villages (94.06%) have drinking water supply. 25 villages (24.75%) have post offices. 85 villages (84.16%) have telephones (including landlines, public call offices and mobile phones). 31 villages (30.69%) have pucca (paved) approach roads and 46 villages (45.54%) have transport communication (includes bus service, rail facility and navigable waterways). 4 villages (3.96%) have agricultural credit societies and 8 villages (7.92%) have banks.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/DCHB/DCHB_A/19/1914_PART_A_DCHB_PURULIYA.pdf | title = District Census Handbook, Puruliya, 2011, Series 20, Part XII A | work = Page 79, Table 36: Distribution of villages according to availability of different amenities, 2011  | publisher =  Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal. | access-date = 13 January 2020}}</ref>

===Agriculture===
In 2013-14, persons engaged in agriculture in the Purulia II CD block could be classified as follows: [[bargadar]]s 2.24%, patta (document) holders 7.22%, small farmers (possessing land between 1 and 2 hectares) 3.61%, marginal farmers (possessing land up to 1 hectare) 19.00% and agricultural labourers 67.92%.<ref name=handbook2014>{{cite web  | url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook  | title = District Statistical Handbook 2014 Purulia  | work = Tables 8.2, 17.2, 18.2, 18.1, 20.1, 21.2, 4.4, 3.1, 3.3 – arranged as per use  | publisher = Department of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal  | access-date = 12 January 2020  | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190121045803/http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook  | archive-date = 21 January 2019  | url-status = dead  }}</ref>

In 2013-14, the total area irrigated in the Purulia II CD block was 7,221.37 hectares, out of which 2,378 hectares were by canals, 4,141.91 hectares by tank water, 49.66 hectares by river lift irrigation, 186.80 hectares by open dug wells and 465.00 hectares by other means.<ref name=handbook2014/>

In 2013-14, the Purulia II CD block produced 2,668 tonnes of [[Rice#Ecotypes and cultivars|Aman paddy]], the main winter crop from 1,795 hectares. It also produced wheat, maskalai, mustard and potatoes.<ref name=handbook2014/>

===Banking===
In 2013-14, the Purulia II CD block had offices of 8 commercial banks and 1 [[Regional Rural Bank|gramin bank]].<ref name=handbook2014/>

===Backward Regions Grant Fund===
The Purulia district is listed as a backward region and receives financial support from the [[Backward Regions Grant Fund]]. The fund, created by the Government of India, is designed to redress regional imbalances in development. As of 2012, 272 districts across the country were listed under this scheme. The list includes 11 districts of West Bengal.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.panchayat.gov.in/documents/10198/0/BRGFFINALGUIDELINES.pdf | title = Backward Regions Grant Funds: Programme Guidelines | publisher = Ministry of Panchayati Raj, Government of India | access-date = 12 January 2020 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20171030225317/http://www.panchayat.gov.in/documents/10198/0/BRGFFINALGUIDELINES.pdf | archive-date = 30 October 2017 | url-status = dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=84879 | title= Backward Regions Grant Fund| work= Press Release, 14 June 2012  |publisher= Press Information  Bureau, Government of India | access-date = 12 January 2020}}</ref>

==Transport==
{{Asansol-Tatanagar-Kharagpur line|collapse=yes}}

In 2013-14, the Purulia II CD block had 6 originating/ terminating bus routes.<ref name=handbook2014/>

The [[State Highway 5 (West Bengal)|State Highway 5]] running from Rupnarayanpur (in the Paschim Bardhaman district) to Junput (in the Purba Medinipur district) passes through this CD block.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.wbtrafficpolice.com/state-highways.php |title =  List of State Highways in West Bengal | publisher= West Bengal Traffic Police | access-date = 28 September 2016}}</ref>

The Adra-Chandil section of the [[Asansol-Tatanagar-Kharagpur line]] of the South Eastern Railway passes through this CD block and there is a station at Charra.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://indiarailinfo.com/train/timetable/asansol-purulia-memu-63594-asn-to-prr-indianrail-indian-railway-irctc-enquiry/15699/7/1468 |title = 63594 Asansol-Purulia MEMU |work= Time Table |publisher= indiarailinfo  | access-date = 28 September 2016}}</ref>

==Education==
In 2013-14, the Purulia II CD block had 149 primary schools with 18,147 students, 23 middle schools with 1,588 students, 7 high schools with 3,534 students and 17 higher secondary schools with 18,024 students. The Purulia II CD block had 2 professional/ technical institutions with 977 students and 225 institutions with 10,461 students for special and non-formal education. Purulia city (outside the CD block) had a university, 2 general colleges and 5 professional/ technical institutions.<ref name=handbook2014/>

See also – [[Education in India]]

According to the 2011 census, in Purulia II CD block, amongst the 101 inhabited villages, 2 villages did not have a school, 47 villages had two or more  primary schools, 23 villages had at least 1 primary and 1 middle school and 15 villages had at least 1 middle and 1 secondary school.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/DCHB/DCHB_A/19/1914_PART_A_DCHB_PURULIYA.pdf| title = District Census Handbook, Puruliya, 2011, Series 20,  Part XII A | work = Page 976-77, Appendix I A:  Villages by number of Primary Schools and Appendix I B: Villages by Primary, Middle and Secondary Schools | publisher =  Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal. | access-date = 18 January 2020}}</ref>

==Healthcare==
In 2014, the Purulia II CD block had 1 block primary health centre, 3 primary health centres and 1 private nursing home with total 40 beds and 4 doctors. 3,791 patients were treated indoor and 203,229 patients were treated outdoor in the health centres and subcentres of the CD Block.<ref name=handbook2014/>

Kushtor Rural Hospital, with 30 beds at Kustor, is the major government medical facility in the Purulia II CD block. There are [[Primary Health Centre (India)|primary health centres]] at [[Hutmura]] (with 10 beds) and Chayanpur (with 6 beds).<ref>{{cite web | url =https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/other_files/RH.pdf  | title = Health & Family Welfare Department | work= Health Statistics – Rural Hospitals | publisher = Government of West Bengal  |access-date =  18 January 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/other_files/PHC.pdf  | title = Health & Family Welfare Department | work= Health Statistics – Primary Health Centres  | publisher = Government of West Bengal  |access-date =  18 January 2020}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist|3}}

{{Municipalities of West Bengal}}
{{Purulia topics}}

[[Category:Community development blocks in Purulia district]]