Papers by Florentin Smarandache
17 August 2024, 2024
In the dynamic arena of healthcare research, where the complexities of data often rival the
intr... more In the dynamic arena of healthcare research, where the complexities of data often rival the
intricacies of biological systems, the ability to model and analyze such multifaceted datasets is crucial.
This comprehensive review delves into the evolution and application of Soft Sets and their
extensions, including HyperSoft Sets, SuperHyperSoft Sets, IndetermSoft Sets, IndetermHyperSoft
Sets, and TreeSoft Sets, in healthcare claims data analysis.
viXra, 2008
There is beginning for anything; we used to hear that phrase. The same wisdom word applies to us ... more There is beginning for anything; we used to hear that phrase. The same wisdom word applies to us too. What began in 2005 as a short email on some ideas related to interpretation of the Wave Mechanics results in a number of papers and books up to now. Some of these papers can be found in Progress in Physics or elsewhere.
Syst. Assess. Eng. Manage. Vol. 1 (2024) 1–7
This paper is about funny science, recreational mathematics, upside-down thinking, or contradicto... more This paper is about funny science, recreational mathematics, upside-down thinking, or contradictory reasoning (to think backward). Since a statement in some conditions may be true, in other conditions false, and a third type of conditions partially true and partially false.
The paper presents for the first time two types of Upside-Down Logic, the first one is falsification of the Truth (when a true statement is transformed into a false one), and the second one is the opposite: Truthification of the False (when a false statement is transformed into a true one) - within the frame of Recreational Neutrosophy.
All transformations from <A> to <antiA> or vice versa should be real, making sense in our real world. Kind of magic logic!
Falsification and Truthification are mostly used in the Social Sciences (Anthropology, Archaeology, Economics, Geography, History, Law, Linguistics, Politics, Psychology, Sociology), Philosophy, etc.
excelling in Politics:
Falsifying the Truth of Enemies [We seek to diminish the enemy's positive side to the point of cancellation and to increase the enemy’s negative side to the point of exaggeration;]
and
Truthifying the False of the Friends [The opposite: We seek to decrease the friend’s negative side to the point of cancellation, and to increase the friend's positive side to the point of exaggeration.].
IEEE Access, 2024
The inclusion of nanoparticles has the potential to improve the thermal efficiency of the base
fl... more The inclusion of nanoparticles has the potential to improve the thermal efficiency of the base
fluid. The field of nanofluid (NF) dynamics has attracted important attention due to its extensive range
of practical uses like fuel cells, solar energy, medication administration, heat transfer, microfabrication,
coolant applications, and other related domains. The aim of this study is to scrutinize the impact of Lorentz
force, thermal energy, joule heating, heat source and injection parameters, and Brownian and thermoporetic
diffusions on the hybrid nanofluid over the moving wedge. The stability inquiry is reported for the existing
work in order to confirm the stable solutions that make the study unique. Novelty of the existing work is
to investigate the hybrid nanofluid flow and its stability. The nanoparticles MoS2 and Ag are suspended in
ethylene glycol and water used as host fluids. The numerical solution is obtained from the dimensionless
first-order differential equations, which are achieved from the basic flow phenomena through similarity
alteration variables. The influence of emerging factors on flow phenomena is reported via graphs. The
positive eigenvalues report stable solutions, while the negative eigenvalues designate unstable solutions.
It is perceived that due to Lorentz force, the rate of the fluid declines while the temperature inside the flow
channel enhances. The velocity profile decreases while the temperature and concentration increase with
increasing quantities of permeable factors. Similarly, the Forchheimer number causes to enhance the flow
rate and decrease the heat and concentration outlines. The current analysis is validated by the published
work.
Poeme, eseuri, ilustratii.
SSRN Electronic Journal, 2013
In this study, we propose a new approach based on fuzzy TODIM (Portuguese acronym for interactive... more In this study, we propose a new approach based on fuzzy TODIM (Portuguese acronym for interactive and multicriteria decision-making) for decision-making problems in uncertain environments. Our method incorporates group utility and individual regret, which are often ignored in traditional multicriteria decision-making (MCDM) methods. To enhance the analysis and application of fuzzy sets in decision-making processes, we introduce novel entropy and distance measures for q-rung picture fuzzy sets. These measures include an entropy measure based on the sine function and a distance measure derived from the Jensen-Shannon divergence. In our methodology, incorporating the sine function into the entropy measure stands out as a distinctive decision, grounded in a profound understanding of the inherent characteristics of fuzzy sets. Utilizing the sine function proves especially advantageous when handling fuzzy sets that exhibit cyclical variations or fluctuations in their membership degrees. We effectively weight the criteria for an improved evaluation by using this new entropy measure. The introduced distance measure finds application in the TODIM approach, allowing the execution of TODIM method steps within a fuzzy environment until the determination of one alternative’s dominance over another—an advancement beyond traditional approaches. We apply our enhanced fuzzy TODIM method to a real-life construction project management problem from the literature and compare the results with those in the literature and obtained from other MCDM methods. Our proposed measures are robust, as demonstrated by the sensitivity analysis that varied the weights of group utility and individual regret, with the results visualized in a 3D sensitivity plot. The findings demonstrate the superiority of our method in providing a more comprehensive evaluation of alternatives, making it a useful tool for decision-makers facing complex and uncertain decision-making problems.
We introduce for the first time the appurtenance equation and inclusion equation, which help in u... more We introduce for the first time the appurtenance equation and inclusion equation, which help in understanding the operations with neutrosophic numbers within the frame of neutrosophic statistics. The way of solving them resembles the equations whose coefficients are sets (not single numbers).
In this paper, a complex non- linear programming problem with the two parts (real and imaginary) ... more In this paper, a complex non- linear programming problem with the two parts (real and imaginary) is considered. The efficient and proper efficient solutions in terms of optimal solutions of related appropriate scalar optimization problems are characterized. Also, the Kuhn-Tuckers' conditions for efficiency and proper efficiency are derived. This paper is divided into two independently parts: The first provides the relationships between the optimal solutions of a complex single-objective optimization problem and solutions of two related real programming problems. The second part is concerned with the theory of a multi-objective optimization in complex space.
We plead for a fluid margin, or mixed/indeterminate buffer zone, between Physical and Non-Physica... more We plead for a fluid margin, or mixed/indeterminate buffer zone, between Physical and Non-Physical Causal Closures, and for a Neutrosophic Causal Closure Principle claiming that the chances of all physical effects are determined by their prior partially physical and partially non-physical causes.
The n-th PowerSet of a Set {or P n (S)} better describes our real world, because a system S (whic... more The n-th PowerSet of a Set {or P n (S)} better describes our real world, because a system S (which may be a company, institution, association, country, society, set of objects/plants/animals/beings, set of concepts/ideas/propositions, etc.) is formed by subsystems , which in their turn by sub-subsystems , and so on. We prove that the SuperHyperFunction is a generalization of classical Function, SuperFunction, and HyperFunction. And the SuperHyperAlgebra, SuperHyperGraph are part of the SuperHyperStructure. Almost all structures in our real world are Neutrosophic SuperHyperStructures since they have indeterminate/incomplete/uncertain/conflicting data.
In this paper we define the Soft Set Product as a product of many soft sets and afterwards we ext... more In this paper we define the Soft Set Product as a product of many soft sets and afterwards we extend it to the HyperSoft Set. Similarly, the IndetermSoft Product is extended to the IndetermHyperSoft Set. We also present several applications of the Soft Set Product to Fuzzy (and fuzzy-extensions) Soft Set Product and to IndetermSoft Set and IndetermHyperSoft Set.
Recently, a friend of one of these writers told her story of using one of a healthcare product to... more Recently, a friend of one of these writers told her story of using one of a healthcare product to activate her stem cells as part of regenerative medicine. Regenerative medicine is a field of medicine that seeks to repair or replace damaged or diseased tissues and organs. This can be done through a variety of methods, including stem cell therapy, tissue engineering, and gene therapy. This is a short review article on this rapid field called regenerative medicine, in particular via a new method called photobiomodulation, especially by virtue of lowintensity laser pen treatment. Hopefully it will attract more research in this interesting direction, both for laser/photobiomodulation to boost plant growth as well as in healthcare (see also: Christianto & Smarandache, 2022; Christianto, 2023).
The goal of this short note is to expand the concepts of ‘pluralism’, ‘neutrosophy’, ‘refined neu... more The goal of this short note is to expand the concepts of ‘pluralism’, ‘neutrosophy’, ‘refined neutrosophy’, ‘refined neutrosophic set’, ‘multineutrosophic set’, and ‘plithogeny’ (Smarandache 2002, 2013, 2017, 2019, 2021, 2023a, 2023b, 2023c), into a larger category that I will refer to as MultiAlism (or MultiPolar). As a straightforward generalization, I propose the conceptualization of a MultiPolar System (different from a PluriPolar System), which is formed not only by multiple elements that might be random, or contradictory, or adjuvant, but also by accepting features from more than one basic system (UniPolar, BiPolar, TriPolar, or PluriPolar systems). PluriAlism is a closed dynamic system without neutralities nor indeterminacies, while MultiAlism is an open dynamic system with neutralities and indeterminacies. PluriAlism is a uni-system (formed by elements from a single system), while MultiAlism is a MultiSystem (formed by elements from many systems).
In the real word, in most cases, everything (an attribute, event, proposition, theory, idea, pers... more In the real word, in most cases, everything (an attribute, event, proposition, theory, idea, person, object, action, etc.) is evaluated in general by many sources (called experts), not only one. The more sources evaluate a subject, the better accurate result (after fusioning all evaluations). That's why, in this paper, we straightforwardly extend the Refined Neutrosophic Set to the MultiNeutrosophic Set, and we show that the last two are isomorphic. A MultiNeutrosophic Set is a Neutrosophic Set whose all elements' degrees of truth/indeterminacy/falsehood are evaluated by many (Multi) sources. Afterwards, we introduce a total order on the set of n-plets of the form (p, r, s), we build the operators on the (p, r, s)-plets, and show several applications of the MultiNeutrosophic Sets.
We now found nine new topologies, such as: NonStandard Topology, Largest Extended NonStandard Rea... more We now found nine new topologies, such as: NonStandard Topology, Largest Extended NonStandard Real Topology, Neutrosophic Triplet Weak/Strong Topologies, Neutrosophic Extended Triplet Weak/Strong Topologies, Neutrosophic Duplet Topology, Neutrosophic Extended Duplet Topology, Neutrosophic MultiSet Topology, and recall and improve the seven previously founded topologies in the years (2019-2023), namely: NonStandard Neutrosophic Topology, NeutroTopology, AntiTopology, Refined Neutrosophic Topology, Refined Neutrosophic Crisp Topology, SuperHyperTopology, and Neutrosophic SuperHyperTopology. They are called avantgarde topologies because of their innovative forms.
Cloud computing (ClC) has become a more popular computer paradigm in the preceding few years. Qua... more Cloud computing (ClC) has become a more popular computer paradigm in the preceding few years. Quality of Service (QoS) is becoming a crucial issue in service alteration because of the rapid growth in the number of cloud services. When evaluating cloud service functioning using several performance measures, the issue becomes more complex and non-trivial. It is therefore quite difficult and crucial for consumers to choose the best cloud service. The user's choices are provided in a quantifiable manner in the current methods for choosing cloud services. Hence, this study attempts to achieve this objective through construction. decision-making framework so-called cloud services evaluator (CSsEv). The main indicator and its sub-indicators are formed as nodes at levels(n) in tree soft sets (TSSs). Thereafter Single Value Neutrosophic Sets (SVNSs) as branch of neutrosophic sets which conjunction with the Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) technique to facilitate analysis and evaluation process for the available Cloud services providers. Hence, entropy is employed to obtain indicators and sub_indicators weights and Complex Proportional Assessment utilizes these weights to facilitate the decision process of selecting optimal ClSPs.
As part of our small contribution in dialogue toward better peace development and reconciliation ... more As part of our small contribution in dialogue toward better peace development and reconciliation studies, and following Toffler & Toffler’s War and Antiwar (1993), the present article delves into a realm of logic beyond the traditional confines of negation and the excluded middle principle, exploring the nuances of "Otherness" that transcend classical and Nagatomo logics. Departing from the foundational premises of classical Aristotelian logic systems, this exploration ventures into alternative realms of reasoning, specifically examining Neutrosophic Logic and Klein bottle logic (cf. Smarandache, 2005). The study challenges conventional boundaries and explores the implications of embracing paradoxes and self-reference in logic systems, aiming to redefine approaches to understanding truth and reasoning. The paper investigates how these alternative logics open avenues for philosophical inquiry, redefining entropy, and potentially influencing innovative perspectives in free energy systems. Through this exploration, it seeks to expand the discourse on logic, welcoming a broader spectrum of thought beyond established frameworks; and we also discuss shortly a number of possible implementations including in risk management and also Klein bottle entropy redefinition (Tang et al, 2018).
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Papers by Florentin Smarandache
intricacies of biological systems, the ability to model and analyze such multifaceted datasets is crucial.
This comprehensive review delves into the evolution and application of Soft Sets and their
extensions, including HyperSoft Sets, SuperHyperSoft Sets, IndetermSoft Sets, IndetermHyperSoft
Sets, and TreeSoft Sets, in healthcare claims data analysis.
The paper presents for the first time two types of Upside-Down Logic, the first one is falsification of the Truth (when a true statement is transformed into a false one), and the second one is the opposite: Truthification of the False (when a false statement is transformed into a true one) - within the frame of Recreational Neutrosophy.
All transformations from <A> to <antiA> or vice versa should be real, making sense in our real world. Kind of magic logic!
Falsification and Truthification are mostly used in the Social Sciences (Anthropology, Archaeology, Economics, Geography, History, Law, Linguistics, Politics, Psychology, Sociology), Philosophy, etc.
excelling in Politics:
Falsifying the Truth of Enemies [We seek to diminish the enemy's positive side to the point of cancellation and to increase the enemy’s negative side to the point of exaggeration;]
and
Truthifying the False of the Friends [The opposite: We seek to decrease the friend’s negative side to the point of cancellation, and to increase the friend's positive side to the point of exaggeration.].
fluid. The field of nanofluid (NF) dynamics has attracted important attention due to its extensive range
of practical uses like fuel cells, solar energy, medication administration, heat transfer, microfabrication,
coolant applications, and other related domains. The aim of this study is to scrutinize the impact of Lorentz
force, thermal energy, joule heating, heat source and injection parameters, and Brownian and thermoporetic
diffusions on the hybrid nanofluid over the moving wedge. The stability inquiry is reported for the existing
work in order to confirm the stable solutions that make the study unique. Novelty of the existing work is
to investigate the hybrid nanofluid flow and its stability. The nanoparticles MoS2 and Ag are suspended in
ethylene glycol and water used as host fluids. The numerical solution is obtained from the dimensionless
first-order differential equations, which are achieved from the basic flow phenomena through similarity
alteration variables. The influence of emerging factors on flow phenomena is reported via graphs. The
positive eigenvalues report stable solutions, while the negative eigenvalues designate unstable solutions.
It is perceived that due to Lorentz force, the rate of the fluid declines while the temperature inside the flow
channel enhances. The velocity profile decreases while the temperature and concentration increase with
increasing quantities of permeable factors. Similarly, the Forchheimer number causes to enhance the flow
rate and decrease the heat and concentration outlines. The current analysis is validated by the published
work.
intricacies of biological systems, the ability to model and analyze such multifaceted datasets is crucial.
This comprehensive review delves into the evolution and application of Soft Sets and their
extensions, including HyperSoft Sets, SuperHyperSoft Sets, IndetermSoft Sets, IndetermHyperSoft
Sets, and TreeSoft Sets, in healthcare claims data analysis.
The paper presents for the first time two types of Upside-Down Logic, the first one is falsification of the Truth (when a true statement is transformed into a false one), and the second one is the opposite: Truthification of the False (when a false statement is transformed into a true one) - within the frame of Recreational Neutrosophy.
All transformations from <A> to <antiA> or vice versa should be real, making sense in our real world. Kind of magic logic!
Falsification and Truthification are mostly used in the Social Sciences (Anthropology, Archaeology, Economics, Geography, History, Law, Linguistics, Politics, Psychology, Sociology), Philosophy, etc.
excelling in Politics:
Falsifying the Truth of Enemies [We seek to diminish the enemy's positive side to the point of cancellation and to increase the enemy’s negative side to the point of exaggeration;]
and
Truthifying the False of the Friends [The opposite: We seek to decrease the friend’s negative side to the point of cancellation, and to increase the friend's positive side to the point of exaggeration.].
fluid. The field of nanofluid (NF) dynamics has attracted important attention due to its extensive range
of practical uses like fuel cells, solar energy, medication administration, heat transfer, microfabrication,
coolant applications, and other related domains. The aim of this study is to scrutinize the impact of Lorentz
force, thermal energy, joule heating, heat source and injection parameters, and Brownian and thermoporetic
diffusions on the hybrid nanofluid over the moving wedge. The stability inquiry is reported for the existing
work in order to confirm the stable solutions that make the study unique. Novelty of the existing work is
to investigate the hybrid nanofluid flow and its stability. The nanoparticles MoS2 and Ag are suspended in
ethylene glycol and water used as host fluids. The numerical solution is obtained from the dimensionless
first-order differential equations, which are achieved from the basic flow phenomena through similarity
alteration variables. The influence of emerging factors on flow phenomena is reported via graphs. The
positive eigenvalues report stable solutions, while the negative eigenvalues designate unstable solutions.
It is perceived that due to Lorentz force, the rate of the fluid declines while the temperature inside the flow
channel enhances. The velocity profile decreases while the temperature and concentration increase with
increasing quantities of permeable factors. Similarly, the Forchheimer number causes to enhance the flow
rate and decrease the heat and concentration outlines. The current analysis is validated by the published
work.
The MeCoNeT 2024 conference drew over 100 participants from more than 15 countries, with more than 50 scientific contributions selected through a rigorous peer review process. The hybrid format of the event—featuring in-person sessions at the historical Accademia Peloritana dei Pericolanti and online parallel sessions—allowed for broad international participation. The conference thus offered an ideal platform for sharing interdisciplinary research and addressing contemporary challenges in mathematics and beyond.
In 2019 Smarandache generalized the classical Algebraic Structures to NeutroAlgebraic Structures (or NeutroAlgebras) {whose operations and axioms are partially true, partially indeterminate, and partially false} as extensions of Partial Algebra, and to AntiAlgebraic Structures (or AntiAlgebras) {whose operations and axioms are totally false} and on 2020 he continued to develop them.
The NeutroAlgebras & AntiAlgebras are a new field of research, which is inspired from our real world. In classical algebraic structures, all operations are 100% well-defined, and all axioms are 100% true, but in real life, in many cases these restrictions are too harsh, since in our world we have things that only partially verify some operations or some laws.
Similarly, a classical Geometry structure has all axioms totally (100%) true. A NeutroGeometry structure has some axioms that are only partially true, and no axiom is totally (100%) false. Whereas an AntiGeometry structure has at least one axiom that is totally (100%) false.
And in general, in any field of knowledge one has: Structure, NeutroStructure, and AntiStructure which were inspired from our real world where the laws (axioms) do not equally apply to all people and in the same degree.
This special issue aims to highlight the most recent advances and applications in the fields of NeutroGeometry and NeutroAlgebra, two areas that are at the forefront of contemporary mathematical and scientific thought. During the conference, the mathematical foundations and practical applications of these disciplines were explored, as well as their relevance in the MultiAlism system and other interdisciplinary areas.
The content of this special issue has been carefully selected to reflect the diversity and depth of the topics discussed at the conference. This event and the subsequent publication of these works underline the growing importance of neutrosophic theories in the current scientific landscape. We are confident that the ideas and discoveries shared in these pages will be of great value to researchers, academics, and professionals interested in these innovative areas of knowledge.
Since its conception, Neutrosophic theory has proven to be an interdisciplinary and innovative field, notably growing with the introduction of several generalizations of Neutrosophic Sets, such as Plithogenic Sets, Hypersoft Sets, IndetermSoft Sets, SuperHyperSoft Sets, and MultiAlism. These advanced conceptualizations have further expanded the versatility and application range of Neutrosophic theory, allowing its adoption in an ever-increasing spectrum of disciplines.
The conference, with its international and multidisciplinary character, has brought together experts and scholars from various fields, providing a unique platform for the discussion and exchange of ideas on the multiple applications of Neutrosophic approaches.
This special issue also addresses how scientific production in Neutrosophy focuses on social issues specific to Latin American philosophy. In the regional context of Latin America, it is possible to state that Neutrosophic tools and knowledge are used for the identification, analysis, and resolution of social problems, offering unique approaches or distinctive contributions to the field of Neutrosophy, influenced by its cultural and philosophical context.
Neutrosophic science in Latin America shows a clear pattern of how scientific production addresses social problems, standing out for its innovative approaches that reflect the cultural and philosophical particularities of the region. This approach has allowed Neutrosophy not only to advance in theoretical terms but also to provide practical and contextually relevant solutions to social challenges.
This special issue compiles works presented at the conference, reflecting the richness and diversity of current research in this field. We hope that these articles not only contribute to the advancement of knowledge in Neutrosophic theory but also inspire new research and applications in multiple disciplines.
Conferința s-a desfășurat la Universidad César Vallejo, Campus los Olivos, în Lima, 8-9 iulie 2024.
Textul care însoțește fotografiile aparțin poetului peruan César Vallejo.
Fotografiile sunt acompaniate de muzică instrumentală produsă de Carlos Carty.
La conferencia se llevó a cabo en la Universidad César Vallejo, Campus los Olivos, en Lima, del 8 al 9 de julio de 2024.
Las fotografías están acompañadas de versos de diferentes poemas de César Vallejo (una lista de los poemas utilizados se encuentra al final del álbum).
Las fotografías van acompañadas de música instrumental producida por Carlos Carty.
diaspora around the world. Poems, prose, essays, illustrations. *****
Constelatii Diamantine este una dintre cele mai bune reviste literare românesti ale zilelor noastre. Are o redactie internationalăsicolaboratori din toată diaspora românească din întreaga lume. Poezii, proză, eseuri, ilustratii.]
The general idea of α-D MCDM is to assign non-null positive parameters
α1, α2, …, αp to the coefficients in the right-hand side of each preference that diminish or increase them in order to transform the above linear homogeneous system of equations which has only the null-solution, into a system having a particular non-null solution. After finding the general
solution of this system, the principles used to assign particular values to all parameters α’s is the second important part of α-D, yet to be deeper investigated in the future.
In the current book we propose the Fairness Principle, i.e. each
coefficient should be discounted with the same percentage (we think this is
fair: not making any favoritism or unfairness to any coefficient), but the
reader can propose other principles.
For consistent decision-making problems with pairwise comparisons, α-
Discounting Method together with the Fairness Principle give the same
result as AHP.
But for weak inconsistent decision-making problem, α-Discounting together with the Fairness Principle give a different result from AHP. Many consistent, weak inconsistent, and strong inconsistent examplesare given in this book.
logistics, design, human resources. The study is intended to identify a method to answer uncertainties solving in order to support manufacturing managers, artificial intelligence researchers and businessman in general.
La neutrosófica abrió un nuevo campo de investigación en la metafilosofía.
Etimológicamenteneutron-sofía [Francesneutre<Latinneuter,neutral,ygriegosophia,conocimiento]signif icaconocimientodelospensamientoneutralesycomenzóen1995.