Aluminium (Al) tolerance tests were carried out in 8 x 24 (a total of 192) broiler chickens pre-r... more Aluminium (Al) tolerance tests were carried out in 8 x 24 (a total of 192) broiler chickens pre-reared for 17 days. Chickens of the control group were fed a standard poultry grower diet ad libitum, while those in six experimental groups received a diet supplemented with different (200, 500 and 1,000 mg/kg of feed) doses of Al supplied in the form of AlCl3 and, in two cases, with the same dose of P added to the feed in the form of MCP, up to 52 days of age. Chickens of one group were fed a diet containing 3,000 mg Al per kg of feed for 70 days. The acidic pH of AlCl3 solution sprayed onto the feed was neutralized by adding a sufficient amount of NaHCO3 solution in all but one group. The birds' health status was monitored regularly throughout the feeding trial. Their body mass gain and feed consumption were recorded weekly. At the end of the trial, 3-10 chickens per group (a total of 40 birds) were exsanguinated, subjected to gross pathological examination, and samples were taken from 9 organs (liver, kidney, skeletal muscle, myocardium, brain, spleen, testicle, lungs and tubular bones) for light and electron microscopic examination and for the regular determination of 8 elements (Ca, P, Mg, Zn, Fe, Mn, Cu, Al). In addition, samples were taken from the organs of 2-5 chickens per group for analysis for additional 6 elements (Mo, Co, Ni, Sr, Na, K). From the results obtained the following main conclusions were drawn: (i) With the exception of four birds culled during the trial, all chickens remained symptomless throughout, and all chickens except those fed a diet supplemented with 3,000 mg/kg aluminium developed properly. (ii) The body mass of chickens in groups fed a diet supplemented exclusively with Al decreased moderately (by 67, 69 and 88 g, respectively), depending on Al concentration of the diet. Chickens fed a diet containing 3,000 mg/kg Al showed a very substantial (621.3 g; 32%) decrease in body mass Phosphorus supplementation did not markedly affect the body mass gain. (iii) Specific feed utilization was satisfactory (2.100-2.210 g/kg body mass). The very poor feed utilization of chickens subjected to the heaviest Al load can be attributed to the temporary disturbance of acid-base balance caused by the non-buffered AlCl3 solution.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Piglets born with spread-leg syndrome, a congenital weakness of the hindlimb adductors, were inve... more Piglets born with spread-leg syndrome, a congenital weakness of the hindlimb adductors, were investigated to determine the site of lesion leading to limb impairment. Histological and immunohistochemical studies of the motor neuron unit showed no alterations but quantitative analysis revealed a reduction of axonal diameter and myelin sheath-thickness of the fibres innervating the adductors of the affected limbs. In the lumbar spinal cord a lack of myelination was observed in the tracts descending to the lower motor neurons. Recovery from the syndrome was accompanied by a catching-up of myelination with that of the controls. The spread-leg syndrome is due to a nutritional deficiency in the sow; thus it is assumed that the deficient maternal substances, mainly choline and methionine, are essential for the normal myelin production by spinal white matter oligodendrocytes of the fetus.
Cadmium (Cd) loading trials were conducted on a total of 110 (3 x 10 and 4 x 20) broiler chickens... more Cadmium (Cd) loading trials were conducted on a total of 110 (3 x 10 and 4 x 20) broiler chickens prereared for 21 days. The control chickens received no cadmium, while chickens in the six treatment groups were given different doses of Cd as an aqueous solution of CdSO4 administered either into the crop or mixed in the feed. The chickens were kept in a climatized animal house and treated usually for 3-5 weeks (maximum 68 days), with the exception of group Cd-75 chickens which were treated up to 239 days of age. The chickens' health status, body mass and feed consumption were monitored throughout the trial. On days 14-20 and on day 42 of the trial 2 chickens per group, then at the end of trial a total of 25 chickens were killed in anaesthesia. These birds, together with chickens that died or were killed during the trial, were subjected to detailed gross pathological examination. From 11 organs (kidney, liver, spleen, testicle, brain, myocardium, skeletal muscle, lungs, digestive ...
A growth trial was carried out to test the effect of organic, trivalent chromium and L-carnitine ... more A growth trial was carried out to test the effect of organic, trivalent chromium and L-carnitine on the body composition of growing rats. At the same time, an evaluation of different measurement methods (weight of epididymal fat pad, adipocyte morphometry, total body electrical conductivity) was performed. Outbred Wistar rats of 30 days of age were fed diets of different (0, 10 and 20%) protein level. The diets were supplemented with 4 mg/kg Cr as chromium nicotinate, and 100 mg/kg L-carnitine. The experimental feeding lasted 15 days, after a 5-day-long adjustment period. It was found that Cr addition increased feed intake. Both treatments caused changes in body composition, increasing fat and protein deposition. Organic chromium had no effect at either protein level, while Lcarnitine improved the protein retention only at an optimum (20%) protein supply. No statistically significant correlation was found between total body electrical conductivity (TOBEC) and body composition, which could be attributed to the great individual differences. A close correlation was found among total body fat percentage, weight of epididymal fat pad and the adipocyte surface. The data suggest that there is an interaction between dietary protein supply and the effect of repartitioning agents.
The dopamine agonist bromocryptine, probably through amplifying gonadotroph (mainly FSH) secretio... more The dopamine agonist bromocryptine, probably through amplifying gonadotroph (mainly FSH) secretion, was found to be suitable for provoking fertile estrus during the anestrous phase in bitches without fUnctiona cycles and/or ovarian activity. We studied estrus induction in 48 bitches after treatment with semisynthetic ergot alkaloid bromocryptine. For habituation a fractional dose of 0.3 mg/bitch was administered for three days followed by larger doses within the range of 0.6 to 2.5 mg/bitch by selecting dose rates on the basis of individual responsiveness and body weight. The long-term daily bromocryptine dose did not exceed 0.6 mg/bitch and 2.5 mg/bitch in small and large sized bitches, respectively. Gradual habituation and individual dose rates have almost completely eliminated the unwanted side effect of emesis. The period between treatment and onset of estrus varied but the average was 19 days. After the onset of estrus bromocryptine administration was usually continued for another 3 to 6 days. Occurrences of estrus, ovulation and pregnancy were monitored by cytological evaluation of vagina1 epithelium, rapid ELISA for plasma progesterone and ultrasonography, respectively. Samples for progesterone were taken on Days 7, 9, 12 and 15 and sonograms of ovarian follicles and of fetuses were taken on Days 0, 22 and 35. The bitches involved in the study either regular or irregular cycles. Bromocryptine treatment induced estrus in all of the bitches including 40 of 48 (83%) with ovulation within a regular estrus and 6 of 48(12.5%) that showed estrus but did not ovulate. Mating or artificial insemination of bitches in their fertile periods twice at two day intervals resulted in an 83% pregnancy rate (40 cases) and 39 (97.5O/,) of them gave birth to puppies. However, the average litter size was small with 4.8 + 1.6 pups.
Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition, 1993
ABSTRACT ZusammenfassungBeeinflussung der Bakterienaktivität im Pansen.1. Einfluß der Fermentatio... more ABSTRACT ZusammenfassungBeeinflussung der Bakterienaktivität im Pansen.1. Einfluß der Fermentationsendprodukte auf die proteolytische AktivitätEs wurde untersucht, ob die kaseinabbauende Kapazität der gewaschenen Pansenmikroflora durch die Konzentration an Ammoniak, an flüchtigen Fettsäuren (Essig-, Propion- und Buttersäure 70: 20: 10) und an freien Aminosäuren (Alanin, Asparaginsäure, Isoleucin, Lysin, Methionin und Tyrosn zu gleichen Teilen) beeinflufit wird. Die verwendeten Konzentrationen der Endprodukte bei der Pansenfermentation lagen zwischen 0–47.0 mM beim Ammoniak, 0–500.0 mM bei den flikhtigen Fettsäuren und 0–60 mM bei freien Aminosäuren. Die Menge des abgebauten Proteins wurde durch Ammoniak nur in relativ hoher Konzentration (über 19 mM; y = 28 −0.01x; r −0.86) reduziert. Die Aktivität der Proteasen wurde durch flüchtige Fettsäuren nur bei Konzentrationen von 133 mM erhöht (y = 0.056x + 16.57; r = 0.999). Diese Stimulation betrug 125–182% der Kontrollwerte. Das Aminosäurengemisch reduzierte die Proteolyse in Abhängigkeit von der Konzentration (y = −0.63x + 38.93; r = 0.99).
The effects of salinomycin and flavophospholipol, and their relationship with the diet, were stud... more The effects of salinomycin and flavophospholipol, and their relationship with the diet, were studied in nine ruminally and duodenally cannulated wethers. Within the composition of the ration, the levels of rumen degradable protein (RDP) and non-structural carbohydrates (NSC) were changed (diet H: 74% RDP and 38% NSC; diet M: 57% RDP and 32% NSC; diet L: 48% RDP and 23% NSC). There was no clear treatment effect of flavophospholipol on propionate concentration. Salinomycin supplementation appeared to be more effective than flavophospholipol in the increase of propionate concentration at the expense of acetic acid. Salinomycin significantly reduced the ammonia concentration of the rumen fluid. Microbial N content of the duodenal digesta was significantly lower when salinomycin was used. Salinomycin inhibited proteolysis and reduced the efficiency of microbial protein synthesis. The effect of salinomycin on ruminai N metabolism was independent of the composition of substrate. Unlike salinomycin, flavophospholipol tended to increase proteolysis in the rumen and did not inhibit protein synthesis. The effect of salinomycin on ruminai fermentation and (he duodenal flow of nutrients were independent of substrate composition.
The aim of this study was to examine the changes of the daily energy amount of lactose, protein a... more The aim of this study was to examine the changes of the daily energy amount of lactose, protein and fat throughout the lactations, and compare them to each other. A total of 309 Israeli Holstein-Friesian cows from one kibbutz were investigated in three lactations, and information was given for a period of five years from 1996 to the end of 2000. The distribution of milk components and milk yield during lactation, and changes of the absolute and relative energy amount in the different milk components were calculated and evaluated. The results showed changes in the energy content of milk and its different components throughout the lactation. Each component (fat, lactose and protein) is dominant in different periods during the lactation. The energy amount from fat reaches a peak first, between days 40 and 50. Lactose has a peak at about day 66 of lactation, and protein reaches the peak last, approximately at day 104 of lactation. It seems that this peak sequence is constant and it is c...
The effect of dietary fat and/or lysine supplementation on the body composition of broiler chicke... more The effect of dietary fat and/or lysine supplementation on the body composition of broiler chickens was studied. Body composition was measured by computed tomography (CT) and direct chemical analysis. Cockerel chicks from a previous experiment (Fekete et al., 1992) were used in this study. Ten chickens from each treatment group were euthanised, deep frozen and subjected to CT. Subsequently the bodies were dissected and ground to obtain homogeneous samples for chemical analysis. Supplementation of the diet with 6 g/kg lysine did not change total body composition but positively influenced the final body weight. In the treatment group receiving 40 g/kg added fat and 3 g/kg feed lysine (F-LYS-I) the higher body weight ran parallel with a higher fat content. The difference between the frozen body weight and final live body weight shows that lysine supplementation increased the water-holding capacity of muscle, which was the best in groups receiving a diet of normal energy content plus hi...
Eighty-six cows were assigned to two equal groups with group A fed according to National Research... more Eighty-six cows were assigned to two equal groups with group A fed according to National Research Council recommendations for total digestible nutrients for the 8 wk before parturition and group B was fed 21% higher energy in the first 6 wk and 15% higher in the last 2 preparturient wk. Thyroxine in blood serum decreased in both groups 14 days before and on the day of delivery. It was significantly lower in group A. Findings were similar with triiodothyronine. Blood serum concentrations of reverse-triiodothyronine of group A was significantly higher in group A on day 28 and 14 than group B before delivery. Energy intake had little influence on the serum concentrations of other constituents (albumin, total protein, immunoglobulin G, total and free cholesterol, nonesterified fatty acids). Restricted energy intake that does not alter thyrotropin-thyrotropinreleasing hormone secretion results in higher rate of production of reversetriiodothyronine and in decreased serum concentration of triiodothyronine. Slight changes of energy balance might be indicated readily by reverse-triiodothyronine concentration in blood serum.
Carrots were grown on soils polluted by heavy metal salts. Each particular microelement reached a... more Carrots were grown on soils polluted by heavy metal salts. Each particular microelement reached a high concentration [molybdenum (Mo) 39.00, cadmium (Cd) 2.30, lead (Pb) 4.01, mercury (Hg) 30.00, and selenium (Se) 36.20 mg/kg dry matter] in the carrot. In a metabolic balance trial conducted with 15 male and 15 female New Zealand White rabbits, the control animals (n = 5) were fed ad libitum with concentrate as basal diet, while the other rabbits received the basal diet and carrots containing the particular microelement. Blood samples were taken to determine the activity of serum enzymes. To investigate the metabolism of Mo, Cd, Pb, Hg and Se, samples were taken from the heart, liver, lungs, kidneys, spleen, ovaries/testicles, entire digestive tract, adipose tissue, femur, hair, faeces and urine. Carrot had significantly higher digestibility for all nutrients than the rabbit concentrate. Carrot samples of high Pb content had the lowest digestibility of crude protein. The microelement...
The effect of breed and sex on adult body composition of four pigeon breeds: Texan (TEX), Mondain... more The effect of breed and sex on adult body composition of four pigeon breeds: Texan (TEX), Mondain (MON), Szeged Tumbler (SZT), and homing (HOM) and on the digestibility coefficients (DC) and metabolizable energy (ME) content of their feeds was studied. A total of eight groups, each comprising five males and five females of each breed, were used. All birds were fed the same pelleted pigeon feed (17.27% CP) ad libitum. After the metabolic study, the whole body was analyzed for dry matter (DM), ash, CP, and ether extract (EE) contents. The DC of DM, TEX, MON, and HOM pigeons did not differ significantly, whereas DC for the SZT breed were
Különleges laborállatok, kísérleti modellek ÖSSZEFOGLALÁS A szerzők jelen tanulmányukban bemutatj... more Különleges laborállatok, kísérleti modellek ÖSSZEFOGLALÁS A szerzők jelen tanulmányukban bemutatják azon kevésbé ismert, alacso-nyabb rendű szervezeteket, kísérleti modelleket, amelyek egyre több vizs-gálatban alkalmasak a fejlettebb, gerinces fajok helyettesítésére. A muslica a klasszikus genetika modellállata. Hengeresférgen mutatták ki a programo-zott sejthalált. A meztelen csiga a vegyületek irritáló hatását mutatja. A fejlá-búak neurobiológiai és etológiai kutatások alanyai. A zebradánió lárváin emb-riotoxicitás tesztelhető. Az axolotl lárvája a neoténia jelenségét mutatja és a szervregeneráció kutatásának eszköze. Az afrikai karmosbéka ivarspecifikus hangadásra képes. A kilencöves tatu az emberi lepra modellje. A csupasz turká-lók élettartama hosszú és ellenállók a tumorképződéssel szemben. SUMMARY In this study the authors overview those peculiar experimental models, which have a more and more important role in the replacement of higher vertebrates, because according to the concept of animal model, it is enough to have one important common characteristic with the target. The Daphnia pulex is a sensitive ecotoxicological model. The fruit fly is a classical model of the genetics. The meal worm, the larva of Tenebrio molitor (Fig. 1) can be used for the evaluation of proteins' nutritional value. The apoptosis and the RNA interference have been shown in Caenorhabditis elegans and the role of telomerase in the ageing was studied. By means of the Nippostrongylus brasiliensis the parasite-induced Th2 answer can be investigated. The slug (Fig. 2) mucous production is reliable indicator of the local irritation of compounds. The 63/2010. EU Directive extended the protection to the cephalopods (Fig. 3), because they have pain feeling. They are preferred models of sight, neurobiology and teaching. They are appropriate for studying the learning and memory processes, too. The development of the transparent zebrafish larvae continues out of the mother's body, therefore the embryotoxicity and teratogenicity can be tested. The axolotl (Fig. 4) is an important subject of the experiments on organ regeneration. Their larvae show neoteny. By the contractions of the inner laryngeal muscles the Xenopus laevis is able to a sex-specific vocalisation. The reproduction of the armadillo (Fig. 5) is characterized by polyembryony. It is a satisfactory model of the human leprosy (Hansen-disease). The naked mole-rats (Fig. 6.) are eusocial animals. Their life span is extremely long. They are resistant to tumour formation. They have an important hyaluronic acid tool, which, in turn, keeps the cell far from each other. The failure percentage in the protein synthesis is very low. Their skin hardly feel pain because of the absence of substance P.
In a case of the death of a 7-year-old boy, the police investigations revealed a possible dog att... more In a case of the death of a 7-year-old boy, the police investigations revealed a possible dog attack contrary to the witness testimonies. DNA investigations were carried out from hairs, saliva and bloodstains with 10 canine-specific STR loci by the use of fluorescently labelled multiplex PCR and the ABI PRISM 310 genetic analyzer. The analysis of one hair sample revealed one allele deviation from the profile of the putative Rottweiler perpetrator possibly caused by a mutation. The PCR fragments in question at the PEZ20 locus were sequenced and compared with the alleles detected in the Hungarian canine population and identified on a repeat number basis. The allele frequencies were determined based on typing of 242 genetically independent canine individuals from 72 breeds. The results suggested that two of the canine individuals could be the perpetrators.
In order to offer methods for assessing the protein quality of dog foods, eight commercial dry-ty... more In order to offer methods for assessing the protein quality of dog foods, eight commercial dry-type complete dog foods were analysed by in vitro chemical methods (crude protein, amino acid composition, in vitro pepsin digestibility) and rat growth trial (weight gain = WG, feed efficiency = FE, protein efficiency ratio = PER, net protein ratio = NPR, and net protein utilisation = NPU). Three individual samples were taken from each dog food and their homogenous mixture was used as an ingredient for the test diets fed to six rats per diet. All dog food samples were used as a single protein source in isonitrogenous (10% crude protein) and isoenergetic (ME = 14.9 MJ/kg) complete diets. Rat weight gains showed significant differences among most of the test diets as a consequence of the differences in protein quality of the dog food samples. The protein quality indices of the dog food products showed significant variations. The measured ranges of protein quality indices of the samples were...
Aluminium (Al) tolerance tests were carried out in 8 x 24 (a total of 192) broiler chickens pre-r... more Aluminium (Al) tolerance tests were carried out in 8 x 24 (a total of 192) broiler chickens pre-reared for 17 days. Chickens of the control group were fed a standard poultry grower diet ad libitum, while those in six experimental groups received a diet supplemented with different (200, 500 and 1,000 mg/kg of feed) doses of Al supplied in the form of AlCl3 and, in two cases, with the same dose of P added to the feed in the form of MCP, up to 52 days of age. Chickens of one group were fed a diet containing 3,000 mg Al per kg of feed for 70 days. The acidic pH of AlCl3 solution sprayed onto the feed was neutralized by adding a sufficient amount of NaHCO3 solution in all but one group. The birds' health status was monitored regularly throughout the feeding trial. Their body mass gain and feed consumption were recorded weekly. At the end of the trial, 3-10 chickens per group (a total of 40 birds) were exsanguinated, subjected to gross pathological examination, and samples were taken from 9 organs (liver, kidney, skeletal muscle, myocardium, brain, spleen, testicle, lungs and tubular bones) for light and electron microscopic examination and for the regular determination of 8 elements (Ca, P, Mg, Zn, Fe, Mn, Cu, Al). In addition, samples were taken from the organs of 2-5 chickens per group for analysis for additional 6 elements (Mo, Co, Ni, Sr, Na, K). From the results obtained the following main conclusions were drawn: (i) With the exception of four birds culled during the trial, all chickens remained symptomless throughout, and all chickens except those fed a diet supplemented with 3,000 mg/kg aluminium developed properly. (ii) The body mass of chickens in groups fed a diet supplemented exclusively with Al decreased moderately (by 67, 69 and 88 g, respectively), depending on Al concentration of the diet. Chickens fed a diet containing 3,000 mg/kg Al showed a very substantial (621.3 g; 32%) decrease in body mass Phosphorus supplementation did not markedly affect the body mass gain. (iii) Specific feed utilization was satisfactory (2.100-2.210 g/kg body mass). The very poor feed utilization of chickens subjected to the heaviest Al load can be attributed to the temporary disturbance of acid-base balance caused by the non-buffered AlCl3 solution.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Piglets born with spread-leg syndrome, a congenital weakness of the hindlimb adductors, were inve... more Piglets born with spread-leg syndrome, a congenital weakness of the hindlimb adductors, were investigated to determine the site of lesion leading to limb impairment. Histological and immunohistochemical studies of the motor neuron unit showed no alterations but quantitative analysis revealed a reduction of axonal diameter and myelin sheath-thickness of the fibres innervating the adductors of the affected limbs. In the lumbar spinal cord a lack of myelination was observed in the tracts descending to the lower motor neurons. Recovery from the syndrome was accompanied by a catching-up of myelination with that of the controls. The spread-leg syndrome is due to a nutritional deficiency in the sow; thus it is assumed that the deficient maternal substances, mainly choline and methionine, are essential for the normal myelin production by spinal white matter oligodendrocytes of the fetus.
Cadmium (Cd) loading trials were conducted on a total of 110 (3 x 10 and 4 x 20) broiler chickens... more Cadmium (Cd) loading trials were conducted on a total of 110 (3 x 10 and 4 x 20) broiler chickens prereared for 21 days. The control chickens received no cadmium, while chickens in the six treatment groups were given different doses of Cd as an aqueous solution of CdSO4 administered either into the crop or mixed in the feed. The chickens were kept in a climatized animal house and treated usually for 3-5 weeks (maximum 68 days), with the exception of group Cd-75 chickens which were treated up to 239 days of age. The chickens' health status, body mass and feed consumption were monitored throughout the trial. On days 14-20 and on day 42 of the trial 2 chickens per group, then at the end of trial a total of 25 chickens were killed in anaesthesia. These birds, together with chickens that died or were killed during the trial, were subjected to detailed gross pathological examination. From 11 organs (kidney, liver, spleen, testicle, brain, myocardium, skeletal muscle, lungs, digestive ...
A growth trial was carried out to test the effect of organic, trivalent chromium and L-carnitine ... more A growth trial was carried out to test the effect of organic, trivalent chromium and L-carnitine on the body composition of growing rats. At the same time, an evaluation of different measurement methods (weight of epididymal fat pad, adipocyte morphometry, total body electrical conductivity) was performed. Outbred Wistar rats of 30 days of age were fed diets of different (0, 10 and 20%) protein level. The diets were supplemented with 4 mg/kg Cr as chromium nicotinate, and 100 mg/kg L-carnitine. The experimental feeding lasted 15 days, after a 5-day-long adjustment period. It was found that Cr addition increased feed intake. Both treatments caused changes in body composition, increasing fat and protein deposition. Organic chromium had no effect at either protein level, while Lcarnitine improved the protein retention only at an optimum (20%) protein supply. No statistically significant correlation was found between total body electrical conductivity (TOBEC) and body composition, which could be attributed to the great individual differences. A close correlation was found among total body fat percentage, weight of epididymal fat pad and the adipocyte surface. The data suggest that there is an interaction between dietary protein supply and the effect of repartitioning agents.
The dopamine agonist bromocryptine, probably through amplifying gonadotroph (mainly FSH) secretio... more The dopamine agonist bromocryptine, probably through amplifying gonadotroph (mainly FSH) secretion, was found to be suitable for provoking fertile estrus during the anestrous phase in bitches without fUnctiona cycles and/or ovarian activity. We studied estrus induction in 48 bitches after treatment with semisynthetic ergot alkaloid bromocryptine. For habituation a fractional dose of 0.3 mg/bitch was administered for three days followed by larger doses within the range of 0.6 to 2.5 mg/bitch by selecting dose rates on the basis of individual responsiveness and body weight. The long-term daily bromocryptine dose did not exceed 0.6 mg/bitch and 2.5 mg/bitch in small and large sized bitches, respectively. Gradual habituation and individual dose rates have almost completely eliminated the unwanted side effect of emesis. The period between treatment and onset of estrus varied but the average was 19 days. After the onset of estrus bromocryptine administration was usually continued for another 3 to 6 days. Occurrences of estrus, ovulation and pregnancy were monitored by cytological evaluation of vagina1 epithelium, rapid ELISA for plasma progesterone and ultrasonography, respectively. Samples for progesterone were taken on Days 7, 9, 12 and 15 and sonograms of ovarian follicles and of fetuses were taken on Days 0, 22 and 35. The bitches involved in the study either regular or irregular cycles. Bromocryptine treatment induced estrus in all of the bitches including 40 of 48 (83%) with ovulation within a regular estrus and 6 of 48(12.5%) that showed estrus but did not ovulate. Mating or artificial insemination of bitches in their fertile periods twice at two day intervals resulted in an 83% pregnancy rate (40 cases) and 39 (97.5O/,) of them gave birth to puppies. However, the average litter size was small with 4.8 + 1.6 pups.
Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition, 1993
ABSTRACT ZusammenfassungBeeinflussung der Bakterienaktivität im Pansen.1. Einfluß der Fermentatio... more ABSTRACT ZusammenfassungBeeinflussung der Bakterienaktivität im Pansen.1. Einfluß der Fermentationsendprodukte auf die proteolytische AktivitätEs wurde untersucht, ob die kaseinabbauende Kapazität der gewaschenen Pansenmikroflora durch die Konzentration an Ammoniak, an flüchtigen Fettsäuren (Essig-, Propion- und Buttersäure 70: 20: 10) und an freien Aminosäuren (Alanin, Asparaginsäure, Isoleucin, Lysin, Methionin und Tyrosn zu gleichen Teilen) beeinflufit wird. Die verwendeten Konzentrationen der Endprodukte bei der Pansenfermentation lagen zwischen 0–47.0 mM beim Ammoniak, 0–500.0 mM bei den flikhtigen Fettsäuren und 0–60 mM bei freien Aminosäuren. Die Menge des abgebauten Proteins wurde durch Ammoniak nur in relativ hoher Konzentration (über 19 mM; y = 28 −0.01x; r −0.86) reduziert. Die Aktivität der Proteasen wurde durch flüchtige Fettsäuren nur bei Konzentrationen von 133 mM erhöht (y = 0.056x + 16.57; r = 0.999). Diese Stimulation betrug 125–182% der Kontrollwerte. Das Aminosäurengemisch reduzierte die Proteolyse in Abhängigkeit von der Konzentration (y = −0.63x + 38.93; r = 0.99).
The effects of salinomycin and flavophospholipol, and their relationship with the diet, were stud... more The effects of salinomycin and flavophospholipol, and their relationship with the diet, were studied in nine ruminally and duodenally cannulated wethers. Within the composition of the ration, the levels of rumen degradable protein (RDP) and non-structural carbohydrates (NSC) were changed (diet H: 74% RDP and 38% NSC; diet M: 57% RDP and 32% NSC; diet L: 48% RDP and 23% NSC). There was no clear treatment effect of flavophospholipol on propionate concentration. Salinomycin supplementation appeared to be more effective than flavophospholipol in the increase of propionate concentration at the expense of acetic acid. Salinomycin significantly reduced the ammonia concentration of the rumen fluid. Microbial N content of the duodenal digesta was significantly lower when salinomycin was used. Salinomycin inhibited proteolysis and reduced the efficiency of microbial protein synthesis. The effect of salinomycin on ruminai N metabolism was independent of the composition of substrate. Unlike salinomycin, flavophospholipol tended to increase proteolysis in the rumen and did not inhibit protein synthesis. The effect of salinomycin on ruminai fermentation and (he duodenal flow of nutrients were independent of substrate composition.
The aim of this study was to examine the changes of the daily energy amount of lactose, protein a... more The aim of this study was to examine the changes of the daily energy amount of lactose, protein and fat throughout the lactations, and compare them to each other. A total of 309 Israeli Holstein-Friesian cows from one kibbutz were investigated in three lactations, and information was given for a period of five years from 1996 to the end of 2000. The distribution of milk components and milk yield during lactation, and changes of the absolute and relative energy amount in the different milk components were calculated and evaluated. The results showed changes in the energy content of milk and its different components throughout the lactation. Each component (fat, lactose and protein) is dominant in different periods during the lactation. The energy amount from fat reaches a peak first, between days 40 and 50. Lactose has a peak at about day 66 of lactation, and protein reaches the peak last, approximately at day 104 of lactation. It seems that this peak sequence is constant and it is c...
The effect of dietary fat and/or lysine supplementation on the body composition of broiler chicke... more The effect of dietary fat and/or lysine supplementation on the body composition of broiler chickens was studied. Body composition was measured by computed tomography (CT) and direct chemical analysis. Cockerel chicks from a previous experiment (Fekete et al., 1992) were used in this study. Ten chickens from each treatment group were euthanised, deep frozen and subjected to CT. Subsequently the bodies were dissected and ground to obtain homogeneous samples for chemical analysis. Supplementation of the diet with 6 g/kg lysine did not change total body composition but positively influenced the final body weight. In the treatment group receiving 40 g/kg added fat and 3 g/kg feed lysine (F-LYS-I) the higher body weight ran parallel with a higher fat content. The difference between the frozen body weight and final live body weight shows that lysine supplementation increased the water-holding capacity of muscle, which was the best in groups receiving a diet of normal energy content plus hi...
Eighty-six cows were assigned to two equal groups with group A fed according to National Research... more Eighty-six cows were assigned to two equal groups with group A fed according to National Research Council recommendations for total digestible nutrients for the 8 wk before parturition and group B was fed 21% higher energy in the first 6 wk and 15% higher in the last 2 preparturient wk. Thyroxine in blood serum decreased in both groups 14 days before and on the day of delivery. It was significantly lower in group A. Findings were similar with triiodothyronine. Blood serum concentrations of reverse-triiodothyronine of group A was significantly higher in group A on day 28 and 14 than group B before delivery. Energy intake had little influence on the serum concentrations of other constituents (albumin, total protein, immunoglobulin G, total and free cholesterol, nonesterified fatty acids). Restricted energy intake that does not alter thyrotropin-thyrotropinreleasing hormone secretion results in higher rate of production of reversetriiodothyronine and in decreased serum concentration of triiodothyronine. Slight changes of energy balance might be indicated readily by reverse-triiodothyronine concentration in blood serum.
Carrots were grown on soils polluted by heavy metal salts. Each particular microelement reached a... more Carrots were grown on soils polluted by heavy metal salts. Each particular microelement reached a high concentration [molybdenum (Mo) 39.00, cadmium (Cd) 2.30, lead (Pb) 4.01, mercury (Hg) 30.00, and selenium (Se) 36.20 mg/kg dry matter] in the carrot. In a metabolic balance trial conducted with 15 male and 15 female New Zealand White rabbits, the control animals (n = 5) were fed ad libitum with concentrate as basal diet, while the other rabbits received the basal diet and carrots containing the particular microelement. Blood samples were taken to determine the activity of serum enzymes. To investigate the metabolism of Mo, Cd, Pb, Hg and Se, samples were taken from the heart, liver, lungs, kidneys, spleen, ovaries/testicles, entire digestive tract, adipose tissue, femur, hair, faeces and urine. Carrot had significantly higher digestibility for all nutrients than the rabbit concentrate. Carrot samples of high Pb content had the lowest digestibility of crude protein. The microelement...
The effect of breed and sex on adult body composition of four pigeon breeds: Texan (TEX), Mondain... more The effect of breed and sex on adult body composition of four pigeon breeds: Texan (TEX), Mondain (MON), Szeged Tumbler (SZT), and homing (HOM) and on the digestibility coefficients (DC) and metabolizable energy (ME) content of their feeds was studied. A total of eight groups, each comprising five males and five females of each breed, were used. All birds were fed the same pelleted pigeon feed (17.27% CP) ad libitum. After the metabolic study, the whole body was analyzed for dry matter (DM), ash, CP, and ether extract (EE) contents. The DC of DM, TEX, MON, and HOM pigeons did not differ significantly, whereas DC for the SZT breed were
Különleges laborállatok, kísérleti modellek ÖSSZEFOGLALÁS A szerzők jelen tanulmányukban bemutatj... more Különleges laborállatok, kísérleti modellek ÖSSZEFOGLALÁS A szerzők jelen tanulmányukban bemutatják azon kevésbé ismert, alacso-nyabb rendű szervezeteket, kísérleti modelleket, amelyek egyre több vizs-gálatban alkalmasak a fejlettebb, gerinces fajok helyettesítésére. A muslica a klasszikus genetika modellállata. Hengeresférgen mutatták ki a programo-zott sejthalált. A meztelen csiga a vegyületek irritáló hatását mutatja. A fejlá-búak neurobiológiai és etológiai kutatások alanyai. A zebradánió lárváin emb-riotoxicitás tesztelhető. Az axolotl lárvája a neoténia jelenségét mutatja és a szervregeneráció kutatásának eszköze. Az afrikai karmosbéka ivarspecifikus hangadásra képes. A kilencöves tatu az emberi lepra modellje. A csupasz turká-lók élettartama hosszú és ellenállók a tumorképződéssel szemben. SUMMARY In this study the authors overview those peculiar experimental models, which have a more and more important role in the replacement of higher vertebrates, because according to the concept of animal model, it is enough to have one important common characteristic with the target. The Daphnia pulex is a sensitive ecotoxicological model. The fruit fly is a classical model of the genetics. The meal worm, the larva of Tenebrio molitor (Fig. 1) can be used for the evaluation of proteins' nutritional value. The apoptosis and the RNA interference have been shown in Caenorhabditis elegans and the role of telomerase in the ageing was studied. By means of the Nippostrongylus brasiliensis the parasite-induced Th2 answer can be investigated. The slug (Fig. 2) mucous production is reliable indicator of the local irritation of compounds. The 63/2010. EU Directive extended the protection to the cephalopods (Fig. 3), because they have pain feeling. They are preferred models of sight, neurobiology and teaching. They are appropriate for studying the learning and memory processes, too. The development of the transparent zebrafish larvae continues out of the mother's body, therefore the embryotoxicity and teratogenicity can be tested. The axolotl (Fig. 4) is an important subject of the experiments on organ regeneration. Their larvae show neoteny. By the contractions of the inner laryngeal muscles the Xenopus laevis is able to a sex-specific vocalisation. The reproduction of the armadillo (Fig. 5) is characterized by polyembryony. It is a satisfactory model of the human leprosy (Hansen-disease). The naked mole-rats (Fig. 6.) are eusocial animals. Their life span is extremely long. They are resistant to tumour formation. They have an important hyaluronic acid tool, which, in turn, keeps the cell far from each other. The failure percentage in the protein synthesis is very low. Their skin hardly feel pain because of the absence of substance P.
In a case of the death of a 7-year-old boy, the police investigations revealed a possible dog att... more In a case of the death of a 7-year-old boy, the police investigations revealed a possible dog attack contrary to the witness testimonies. DNA investigations were carried out from hairs, saliva and bloodstains with 10 canine-specific STR loci by the use of fluorescently labelled multiplex PCR and the ABI PRISM 310 genetic analyzer. The analysis of one hair sample revealed one allele deviation from the profile of the putative Rottweiler perpetrator possibly caused by a mutation. The PCR fragments in question at the PEZ20 locus were sequenced and compared with the alleles detected in the Hungarian canine population and identified on a repeat number basis. The allele frequencies were determined based on typing of 242 genetically independent canine individuals from 72 breeds. The results suggested that two of the canine individuals could be the perpetrators.
In order to offer methods for assessing the protein quality of dog foods, eight commercial dry-ty... more In order to offer methods for assessing the protein quality of dog foods, eight commercial dry-type complete dog foods were analysed by in vitro chemical methods (crude protein, amino acid composition, in vitro pepsin digestibility) and rat growth trial (weight gain = WG, feed efficiency = FE, protein efficiency ratio = PER, net protein ratio = NPR, and net protein utilisation = NPU). Three individual samples were taken from each dog food and their homogenous mixture was used as an ingredient for the test diets fed to six rats per diet. All dog food samples were used as a single protein source in isonitrogenous (10% crude protein) and isoenergetic (ME = 14.9 MJ/kg) complete diets. Rat weight gains showed significant differences among most of the test diets as a consequence of the differences in protein quality of the dog food samples. The protein quality indices of the dog food products showed significant variations. The measured ranges of protein quality indices of the samples were...
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Papers by S. Fekete