Hosni Mubarak

Hosni Mubarak حسني مبارك
Mubarak in 2009
President of Egypt
In office 14 October 1981 – 11 February 2011
Prime Minister	Ahmad Fuad Mohieddin Kamal Hassan Ali Aly Lotfy Mahmoud Atef Sedky Kamal Ganzouri Atef Ebeid Ahmed Nazif Ahmed Shafik
Vice President	Omar Suleiman
Preceded by	Sufi Abu Taleb (Acting)
Succeeded by	Mohamed Hussein Tantawi (acting) Mohamed Morsi
Prime Minister of Egypt
In office 7 October 1981 – 2 January 1982
President	Sufi Abu Taleb (Acting)
Preceded by	Anwar El Sadat
Succeeded by	Ahmad Fuad Mohieddin
Vice President of Egypt
In office 16 April 1975 – 14 October 1981
President	Anwar El Sadat
Preceded by	Hussein el-Shafei
Succeeded by	Omar Suleiman
Secretary General of the Non-Aligned Movement
In office 16 July 2009 – 11 February 2011
Preceded by	Raúl Castro
Succeeded by	Mohamed Hussein Tantawi (Acting)
Commander of the Air Force
In office 23 April 1972 – 16 April 1975
President	Anwar El Sadat
Preceded by	Ali Mustafa Baghdady
Succeeded by	Mahmoud Shaker
Director of the Egyptian Air Academy
In office 1967–1969
Preceded by	Yahia Saleh Al-Aidaros
Succeeded by	Mahmoud Shaker
Personal details
Born	(1928-05-04)4 May 1928 Kafr-El Meselha, Kingdom of Egypt
Died	25 February 2020(2020-02-25) (aged 91) Cairo, Egypt
Political party	National Democratic Party (1978-2011)
Spouse(s)	Suzanne Thabet ​ (m. 1959)​
Children	Alaa Gamal
Alma mater	Egyptian Military Academy Egyptian Air Academy Frunze Military Academy
Signature
Military service
Allegiance	Egypt
Branch/service	Egyptian Air Force
Years of service	1950–1975
Rank	Air Chief Marshal
Commands	Cairo West Air Base Beni Suef Air Base Egyptian Air Academy Egyptian Air Force
a. ^ Office vacant from 14 October 1981 to 29 January 2011 b. ^ as Chairman of the Supreme Council of the Armed Forces c. ^ c. military rank withdrawn after trial

Hosni Mubarak in 1985

Muhammad Hosni Said Mubarak (Arabic: محمد حسنى سيد مبارك; 4 May 1928 – 25 February 2020), commonly known as Hosni Mubarak (حسنى مبارك), was an Egyptian politician. He served as President of Egypt from 14 October 1981 to 11 February 2011.

Mubarak became the vice-president of the Republic of Egypt after moving up the ranks of the Egyptian Air Force. Then he became the President after President Anwar Sadat was assassinated on 6 October 1981. His almost thirty-year presidency made him Egypt's longest-serving ruler since Muhammad Ali Pasha.

As President of Egypt, Mubarak is thought to have been one of the most powerful leaders in the region. Under the 1971 Constitution of Egypt, Mubarak exercised strong control over the country and was generally considered a dictator. In 2005, he called an election and easily won it. Many opponents believed Mubarak changed the election results so he could win.

In early 2011, during the Arab Spring, there were huge protests against his government. In the end, Mubarak resigned and handed over power to the armed forces. It is hoped that elections later that year for a new government. On 2 June 2012, Mubarak was sentenced to life imprisonment for ordering the shooting of protesters in the revolution that ousted him.

On 13 January 2013, Egypt's Court of Cassation overturned Mubarak's sentence and ordered a retrial. On retrial, Mubarak and his sons were convicted on 9 May 2015 of corruption and given prison sentences. Mubarak was detained in a military hospital and his sons were freed 12 October 2015 by a Cairo court.

He was acquitted on 2 March 2017 by the Court of Cassation and released on 24 March 2017.

He died on 25 February 2020 at a Cairo hospital after having surgery, aged 91.