Abd ar-Rahman III

Abd-ar-Rahman III
Abd-ar-Rahman III
	Amir al-Mu'minin
	Emir Kordobe
Vladavina	16. oktobar 912 – 16. januar 929
Krunidba	17. oktobar 912 (aged 21)
Prethodnik	Abdullah
Nasljednik	sam (kao kalif)
	Kalif Kordobe
Vladavina	16. januar 929 – 15. oktobar 961
Prethodnik	sam sebe kao emir
Nasljednik	Al-Hakam II
harem	6300 žena uključujući:; Fatima bint Al-Mundhir; Marjan ili Murjan (ljubimica)
Potomstvo	sinovi poredani po starosti, prema Ibn Hazmu:; Al-Hakam II (sin Murjan); Abd al-Aziz; Al-Asbagh; Ubayd Allah; Abd al-Jabbar; Abd al-Malik; Sulayman; Abdullah; Marwan; Al-Mundhir; Al-Mugira
Puno ime	Kunya: Abu al-Mutarrif (أبو المطرف); Laqab: Al-Nasir Lideenillah (الناصر لدين الله); Nasab: Abd-ar-Rahman ibn Muhammad ibn Abdullah ibn Muhammad ibn Abd ar-Rahman ibn Al-Hakam ibn Hisham ibn Abd ar-Rahman ibn Muawiya ibn Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan ibn Al-Hakam ibn Abi al-'As ibn Umayya
dinastija	Omejadi (španski ogranak)
Otac	Muhammad ibn Abdullah
Majka	Muzna (originalno Maria?)
Rođen/a	7. 1. 891.; Córdoba
Umro/la	15. 10. 961. (dob: 70); Medina Azahara
Religija	sunitski islam (Malikijska škola)

Abd-ar-Rahman III (Abd al-Rahmān ibn Muhammad ibn Abd Allāh; arapski: عبد الرحمن الثالث‎; 11. januar 889/91^[12] – 15. oktobar 961) bio je emir a potom i kalif Kordobe iz dinastije Omejada koji je vladao maurskom Španijom od 912. do 961. Na prijestolje je stupio u 20-im godinama života i vladao sljedećih pola vijeka, stekavši nadimak al-Nasir li-Din Allah ("branitelj Božje vjere") i reputaciju najmoćnijeg od svih.^[13] 929. godine, nastojeći stvoriti savez kojim bi odbio napad Fatimida iz Ifrikije, proglasio kalifom (odnosno vrhovnim vladarom muslimanskog svijeta), stvorivši tako Kordopski Kalifat. Poznat je kao jedan od najprosvjećenijih vladara svog vremena, koji je inzistirao na vjerskim slobodama svojih ne-muslimanskih podanika, te poticao kulturu, ostavivši iza sebe brojne vrijedne spomenike.

Preci

Abd-ar-Rahmanova majka Muzna je bila kršćanska robinja, moguće sa područja Pirineja. Baka po ocu Onneca Fortúnez je bila kršćanska princeza iz Kraljevine Pamplone. Abd-ar-Rahman III je tako bio tri četvrtine Hispano–Bask i jednom četvrtinom Arap.^[1]

Fusnote i izvori

↑ ^1,0 ^1,1 ^1,2 ^1,3 ^1,4 Fletcher, Richard (2006) [First published 1992]. „Chapter 4: The Caliphate of Córdoba”. Moorish Spain (2nd izd.). Berkeley, California: University of California Press. str. 53–54. ISBN 9780520248403.
↑ Sordo, Enrique (1963) (web search query). Al-Andalus, puerto del paraíso: Córdoba, Sevilla, Granada [Moorish Spain: Cordoba, Seville, Granada]. trans. Ian Michael (2nd izd.). New York: Crown Publishers. str. 52. OCLC 691491. Pristupljeno 5. IX 2010. »The harem girls were sold by the merchants who had brought them from the Baltic. In the time of Abd al-Rahman III alone, there were 6300 such women in the palace, purchased for domestic service and royal lovemaking.«
↑ ^3,0 ^3,1 Vallvé Bermejo, Joaquín (1999) (Spanish). Al-Andalus: sociedad e instituciones [Al-Andalus: Society and Institutions]. Volume 20 of Clave historial. Madrid: Real Academia de la Historia. str. 48–50. ISBN 9788489512160.
↑ Marín, Manuela (2002). „Marriage and Sexuality in Al-Andalus”. u: Lacarra Lanz, Eukene. Marriage and Sexuality in Medieval and Early Modern Iberia. Volume 26 of Hispanic issues. New York: Routledge. str. 14. ISBN 9780415936347.
↑ ^5,0 ^5,1 Kassis, Hanna (1999). „A glimpse of openness in medieval society: Al-Ḥakam II of Córdoba and his non-Muslim collaborators”. u: Nagy, Balázs; Sebők, Marcell. The Man of Many Devices, Who Wandered Full Many Ways (Festschrift in Honor of János M. Bak). Budapest: Central European University Press. str. 162. ISBN 9789639116672.
↑ Azizur Rahman, Syed (2001) (snippet view). The Story of Islamic Spain. New Delhi: Goodword Books. str. 129. ISBN 9788187570578. Pristupljeno 5. IX 2010. »[Emir Abdullah died on] 16 Oct., 912 after 26 years of inglorious rule leaving his fragmented and bankrupt kingdom to his grandson ‘Abd ar-Rahman. The following day, the new sultan received the oath of allegiance at a ceremony held in the "Perfect salon" (al-majils al-kamil) of the Alcazar.«
↑ ^7,0 ^7,1 Gordon, Matthew (2005). „Document 15: Abd al-Rahman III of al-Andalus”. The Rise of Islam. Greenwood guides to historic events of the medieval world. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Publishing Group. str. 151. ISBN 9780313325229.
↑ Lane-Poole 1894, p. 11
↑ ^9,0 ^9,1 ^9,2 ^9,3 ^9,4 Lane-Poole 1894, p. 22
↑ Byers, Paula Kay, ur. (1998). „Abd al-Rahman III”. Encyclopedia of World Biography. Volume 1: A – Barbosa (2nd izd.). Thomson Gale. p. 14. ISBN 9780787625412. Pristupljeno 5. 9. 2010.
↑ Daftary, Farhad (1992). The Isma'ilis: Their History and Doctrines. Cambridge University Press. str. 173. ISBN 9780521429740. »... the Umayyad ʿAbd al-Raḥmān III, who was a Mālikī Sunnī.«
↑ 891. se navodi kao godina rođenja u Chambers Biographical Dictionary ISBN 978-0-550-18022-3, page 2
↑ „The Golden Caliphate”. Arhivirano iz originala na datum 2013-11-16. Pristupljeno 2012-02-16.
↑ Ibn Idhari, p. 188
↑ Ibn Idhari, p. 233
↑ ^16,0 ^16,1 ^16,2 ^16,3 Salas Merino, Vicente (2008). „La Dinastía Íñiga (820–905)” (Spanish). La Genealogía de Los Reyes de España [The Genealogy of the Kings of Spain] (4th izd.). Madrid: Editorial Visión Libros. str. 216–217. ISBN 9788498217674.

Literatura

Coope, Jessica (1995). Martyrs of Córdoba: Community and Family Conflict in an Age of Mass Conversion. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press. ISBN 0-8032-1471-5.
Fierro, Maribel (2005). Abd-al-Rahman III of Córdoba. Oxford: Oneworld Publications. ISBN 978-1-85168-384-0.
Ibn Idhari (1860) [Composed c. 1312] (Spanish). Al-Bayan al-Mughrib [Historias de Al-Andalus]. Volume 1. trans. Francisco Fernández y González. Granada: Francisco Ventura y Sabatel. OCLC 557028856.
Lane-Poole, Stanley (1894). The Mohammedan Dynasties: Chronological and Genealogical Tables with Historical Introductions. Westminster: Archibald Constable and Company. OCLC 1199708.
Lévi-Provençal, Évariste; García Gómez, Emilio, ur. (1950) (Spanish). Una crónica anónima de 'Abd al-Rahman III al-Nasir. Madrid-Granada: Instituto Miguel Asin.
Scales, Peter (1994). Fall of the Caliphate of Córdoba. New York: EJ Brill. ISBN 90-04-09868-2.
Wolf, Kenneth (1988). Christian Martyrs in Muslim Spain. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-34416-6.

Vanjske veze

Abd ar-Rahman III Banu Umayyah bočni ogranak od Banu Quraish
Prethodi: Abdallah ibn Muhammad	emir Kordobe 912–929	postao kalif
Nova titula Kordopski Kalifat stvoren	Kalif Kordobe 929–961	Slijedi: Al-Hakam II

[Fletcher-1] 1,0 ^1,1 ^1,2 ^1,3 ^1,4 Fletcher, Richard (2006) [First published 1992]. „Chapter 4: The Caliphate of Córdoba”. Moorish Spain (2nd izd.). Berkeley, California: University of California Press. str. 53–54. ISBN 9780520248403.

[2] Sordo, Enrique (1963) (web search query). Al-Andalus, puerto del paraíso: Córdoba, Sevilla, Granada [Moorish Spain: Cordoba, Seville, Granada]. trans. Ian Michael (2nd izd.). New York: Crown Publishers. str. 52. OCLC 691491. Pristupljeno 5. IX 2010. »The harem girls were sold by the merchants who had brought them from the Baltic. In the time of Abd al-Rahman III alone, there were 6300 such women in the palace, purchased for domestic service and royal lovemaking.«

[Vallvé-3] 3,0 ^3,1 Vallvé Bermejo, Joaquín (1999) (Spanish). Al-Andalus: sociedad e instituciones [Al-Andalus: Society and Institutions]. Volume 20 of Clave historial. Madrid: Real Academia de la Historia. str. 48–50. ISBN 9788489512160.

[4] Marín, Manuela (2002). „Marriage and Sexuality in Al-Andalus”. u: Lacarra Lanz, Eukene. Marriage and Sexuality in Medieval and Early Modern Iberia. Volume 26 of Hispanic issues. New York: Routledge. str. 14. ISBN 9780415936347.

[Kassis-5] 5,0 ^5,1 Kassis, Hanna (1999). „A glimpse of openness in medieval society: Al-Ḥakam II of Córdoba and his non-Muslim collaborators”. u: Nagy, Balázs; Sebők, Marcell. The Man of Many Devices, Who Wandered Full Many Ways (Festschrift in Honor of János M. Bak). Budapest: Central European University Press. str. 162. ISBN 9789639116672.

[6] Azizur Rahman, Syed (2001) (snippet view). The Story of Islamic Spain. New Delhi: Goodword Books. str. 129. ISBN 9788187570578. Pristupljeno 5. IX 2010. »[Emir Abdullah died on] 16 Oct., 912 after 26 years of inglorious rule leaving his fragmented and bankrupt kingdom to his grandson ‘Abd ar-Rahman. The following day, the new sultan received the oath of allegiance at a ceremony held in the "Perfect salon" (al-majils al-kamil) of the Alcazar.«

[Gordon-7] 7,0 ^7,1 Gordon, Matthew (2005). „Document 15: Abd al-Rahman III of al-Andalus”. The Rise of Islam. Greenwood guides to historic events of the medieval world. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Publishing Group. str. 151. ISBN 9780313325229.

[8] Lane-Poole 1894, p. 11

[Lane-Poole_22-9] 9,0 ^9,1 ^9,2 ^9,3 ^9,4 Lane-Poole 1894, p. 22

[10] Byers, Paula Kay, ur. (1998). „Abd al-Rahman III”. Encyclopedia of World Biography. Volume 1: A – Barbosa (2nd izd.). Thomson Gale. p. 14. ISBN 9780787625412. Pristupljeno 5. 9. 2010.

[11] Daftary, Farhad (1992). The Isma'ilis: Their History and Doctrines. Cambridge University Press. str. 173. ISBN 9780521429740. »... the Umayyad ʿAbd al-Raḥmān III, who was a Mālikī Sunnī.«

[12] 891. se navodi kao godina rođenja u Chambers Biographical Dictionary ISBN 978-0-550-18022-3, page 2

[13] „The Golden Caliphate”. Arhivirano iz originala na datum 2013-11-16. Pristupljeno 2012-02-16.

[14] Ibn Idhari, p. 188

[15] Ibn Idhari, p. 233

[Salas_Merino-16] 16,0 ^16,1 ^16,2 ^16,3 Salas Merino, Vicente (2008). „La Dinastía Íñiga (820–905)” (Spanish). La Genealogía de Los Reyes de España [The Genealogy of the Kings of Spain] (4th izd.). Madrid: Editorial Visión Libros. str. 216–217. ISBN 9788498217674.

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p r u Omejadski kalifi
Porodično stablo • Mediji
Kalifi u Damasku (661–750)	Muawiya I • Yazid I • Muawiya II • Marwan I • Abd al-Malik • Al-Walid I • Sulayman • Umar II • Yazid II • Hisham • Al-Walid II • Yazid III • Ibrahim • Marwan II
Emiri u Kordobi (756–929)	Abd ar-Rahman I • Hisham I • Al-Hakam I • Abd ar-Rahman II • Muhammad I • Al-Mundhir • Abdullah • Abd-ar-Rahman III
Kalifi u Kordoobi (929–1031)	Abd-ar-Rahman III • Al-Hakam II • Hisham II • Muhammad II • Sulayman • Hisham II • Sulayman • Ali ibn Hammud al-Nasir^[H] • Abd ar-Rahman IV • Al-Qasim ibn Hammud al-Ma'mun^[H] • Yahya ibn Ali al-Mu'tali^[H] • Al-Qasim ibn Hammud al-Ma'mun^[H] • Abd ar-Rahman V • Muhammad III • Yahya ibn Ali al-Mu'tali^[H] • Hisham III
^[H] označava hamudidske uzurpatore