Fijian
| Fijian | |
|---|---|
| Na Vosa Vakaviti | |
| Native to | Fiji |
| Region | Fiji |
| Native speakers |
unknown (339 210 as a Primarii Laenghwij cited 1996)[1] 320 000 as a Sekand Laenghwij (1991) |
| Laenghwij family | |
| Dialects | |
| Laenghwij codes | |
| ISO 639-3 |
fij |
Fijian (Fijian: Na Vosa Vakaviti) esa Austronesian laenghwij o' t' Malayo-Polynesian family tal'n b' soom 350 000–450 000 etnik Fijians as a natiw laenghwij. T' 2013 Konstitushun maeked Fijian as an ofishol laenghwij o' Fiji, wit' Inglish an Hindi tuu, an deir es diskushun abaut establishin et as t' "nashunal laenghwij", alla Inglish an Hindi wil stey ofishol. Fijian esa VOS laenghwij.[2]
Stendard Fijian es bais'd a' t' talin' o' Bau, wich esa Iist Fijian laenghwij. A pidjiniz'd form es used b' mani Indo-Fijians an etnik Chinese a' dem ailen, whiil Pidgin Hindustani es used b' mani rural etnik Fijians.
Fonolojii
[edet | edit source]T' consonant fonemes o' Fijian es as shown i' t' followin tabul:
| Labial | Coronal | Palatal | Welar | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Naysal | m | n | ŋ | ||
| Plosiv | voiceless | (p) | t | k | |
| prenasalized | ᵐb | ⁿd | ⁿɡ | ||
| Fricativ | voiceless | (f) | s | (x) | |
| voiced | β | ð | |||
| Trill | plain | r | |||
| prenasalized | ᶯɖʳ | ||||
| Aaproksimant | w | l | j | (h) | |
T' consonent writ'n ⟨dr⟩ haufs bin describ'd as a prenasaliz'd trill [nr] o trill'd fricativ [ndr]. Tho, ets onli rarlii pronouns'd wit' a trill'd reliis; t' primarii feachure distinguishin et f' ⟨d⟩ es tat ets postalveolar, [ɳɖ], insteado' dental/alveolar.[3]
T' sowns [p] an [f] okkur onli i' loanwords f' otha laenghwijs. T' sowns [x] an [h] onli okkur f' talas f' serten rejins o' t' kuntrii.
Notis t' differens i' place o' articulayshun b'twiin t' voic'd-voiceles fricativ payrs: bilabial [β] vs. labiodental [f], an dental [ð] vs. alveolar [s].
Dem wowel fonemes es:
| Frunt | Sentril | Bak | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| short | lon | short | lon | short | lon |
| Klos | i | iː | u | uː | |
| Mid | e | eː | o | oː | |
| Open | a | aː | |||
| Sekand komponent | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| /i/ | /u/ | ||
| Furst komponent | /e/ | ei̯ | eu̯ |
| /o/ | oi̯ | ou̯ | |
| /a/ | ai̯ | au̯ | |
Notes
[edet | edit source]- ↑ Fijian reference at Ethnologue (17th ed., 2013)
- ↑ [1] WALS – Fijian
- ↑ Ladefoged, Peter; Maddieson, Ian (1996). The Sounds of the World's Languages. Oxford: Blackwell. ISBN 0-631-19814-8. p 122, 131. The authors use the transcription ⟨nḍ⟩, where the sub-dot is their convention for a postalveolar stop that is not prototypically retroflex.