Skip to main content

Naci KARKIN

Pamukkale University, Political Science and Public Administration, Faculty Member

Followers

1,499

Following

688

Co-authors

16

Public Views

SBKY- IIBF, Pamukkale Üniversitesi,
Address: Pamukkale Universitesi
İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Siyaset Bilimi ve Kamu Yönetimi Bölümü
IIBF A Blok Kat 3 Kınıklı Kampüsü DENIZLI/TURKİYE

less

ECEM BUSE SEViNC CUBUK

Adnan Menderes University

Hacettepe University

Mehmet Akif Demircioglu

National University of Singapore

Hacettepe University

Hüseyin Serhan Çalhan

Pamukkale University

Suleyman Demirel University

Suleyman Demirel University

ismail Kervankıran

Suleyman Demirel University

Mehmet Akif Ersoy University

Tarsus University

InterestsView All (44)

Uploads

Papers by Naci KARKIN

An analysis of the public administration curricula in Turkey: Realities, expectations, and attitudes toward novel courses

by Naci KARKIN and FATİH GÜRSES

teaching public administration, 2021

The public sector gets through a big transformation in many dimensions lately. The volume and ext... more The public sector gets through a big transformation in many dimensions lately. The volume and extent of this transformation influence institutionalization, organization, and execution of the public sector as a whole, irrespective of either a developed or a developing country case is at stake. There is a growing inclination to capture and direct this transformation in public administration scholarship. However, there is a void concerning whether and how the curricula of public administration are designed to capture and drive this transformation. This paper aims to address this void by analyzing the curricula in a developing country case, namely Turkey. This bidirectional motive of the study is served by evaluating first to analyze the attitudes, expectations, and opinions of public administration academics working and studying in the field of public affairs on several educational issues. Then, we aim to analyze the curricula of some selected public administration departments. After analyzing all the study findings, it is seen that departments in Turkey are mainly framed to represent the traditional dimensions of statehood. No matter how hard are the challenges that the governments face, public administration departments are still stuck to structural, organizational, and legal perspectives. We argue that the public sector needs curious public administrators rather than institutional ones, thus we plea for curricula that reflect meeting this need.

Establishing relational trust in e-Participation: a systematic literature review to propose a model

by Burcu Demirdoven, ECEM BUSE SEViNC CUBUK, and Naci KARKIN

ICEGOV , 2020

As information and communication technologies (ICTs) have diffused throughout the customary forms... more As information and communication technologies (ICTs) have diffused throughout the customary forms of works and services, various models, theories and approaches have emerged and been developed to measure how and to what extent people accept technologically transformed products and services in the e-government domain. Despite the existence of applicable models regarding the acceptance and diffusion of e-government and e-participation, the current literature has failed to fully cover citizens' expectations due to factors affecting complex and organic bonds between states and citizens (i.e. trust). This study aims to discuss whether and how trust serves as an intermediary function with regard to technology acceptance models on e-government in general but e-participation in particular. This review finds (1) that it is necessary to develop a comprehensive approach for a trust-building environment regarding e-participation and (2) that trust in e-participation can be consolidated through interrelation among and within parties. CCS CONCEPTS • Applied computing → Computers in other domains → Computing in government → E-government KEYWORDS Trust Model, e-Participation,

Structural changes driven by e-petitioning technology: changing the relationship between the central government and local governments

by Naci KARKIN and Marijn Janssen

Information Technology for Development, 2020

e-Petitioning is a type of information and communication technology for development that can be u... more e-Petitioning is a type of information and communication technology for development that can be used by citizens to express their voices in society. Although much work is focused on government-citizen relationships, little is known about whether and, if so, how e-petitions technology might result in structural transformations in public administration. In this study, we investigated the effects of an e-petitioning system in the Turkish public administration from neo-institutional and transaction cost perspectives. In contrast to the expectation of reducing transaction costs due to ICTs use, the transaction costs increased. The changes have further strengthened the central government by transforming the current tutelary relationship into a more hierarchical structure. The change is not driven by lowering transaction costs; instead, the change mirrors the power structures. The use of technology changed the structures in such a way that political power structures are reinforced while empowering the citizens to make their voices heard.

Municipal amalgamations in international perspective: motives addressed in scholarly research

by Naci KARKIN, Volkan Göçoğlu, and Pınar Savaş Yavuzçehre

Asia Pacific Journal of Public Administration, 2019

Mainly underpinned by economic and financial motives, amalgamations of localgovernments in and be... more Mainly underpinned by economic and financial motives, amalgamations of localgovernments in and beyond municipal areas have often been on the agenda ofmany governments. Some studies of the amalgamations have aimed to justify themor to falsify the efforts by concentrating on what could alternatively have beenachieved; while others have presented the tensions between various dynamics, includ-ing democracy and efficiency. The studies have been valuable in identifying numer-ous factors of significance to amalgamation processes and results. Hence the presentanalysis of a selected range of them with a particular and important focus on variousarticulated motives of amalgamation.

Doğrudan Vatandaş Katılımına İlişkin Kuramsal Çerçeve

Kamu Yönetiminde Doğrudan Vatandaş Katılımı, 2019

Vatandaş katılımı, günümüz kamu yönetimi disiplini ve uygulaması bağlamında ifade ettiği önem gid... more Vatandaş katılımı, günümüz kamu yönetimi disiplini ve uygulaması bağlamında ifade ettiği önem giderek artan bir kavramsallaştırmadır. Bu kavramsallaştırmanın, kamu yönetimi bağlamında hem esasa hem de usule yönelik oldukça önemli boyutları bulunmaktadır. Esas bağlamında, vatandaşın bir paydaş olarak artık istenildiği veya olanaklı olduğu ölçüde hizmet edilen değil, hizmetin tasarım ve üretiminin bir parçası olması söz konusu iken; usul bağlamında, bunun sınırlarının nerede başlayıp nerede biteceği, hangi hizmetlerde vatandaş katılımının olanaklı olacağı ve bunun nasıl gerçekleştirileceği gibi konular literatürde öne çıkmaktadır. Bu bölümde, kamu yönetimi kuramlarının doğrudan vatandaş katılımı kavramına, yani, paydaş ve muhatap olarak bireylerin kamu hizmeti tasarım ve sunum süreçlerine bireysel düzlemde müdahil olmasına nasıl baktıkları değerlendirilecektir. Bu değerlendirme, ilgi kavramsallaştırmanın kamu yönetimi disiplininde nasıl kurgulandığından hareketle, uygulamaya nasıl yansıdığını da içerecektir. Başta araçsallık yönelimli klasik kamu yönetimi olmak üzere, doğrudan vatandaş katılımı, değişen oran ve bağlamlarda hem kuramda hem de uygulamada karşılık bulmakta, bu karşılığın değer yönelimli kamu yönetimi kuramları bağlamında, son dönem itibariyle giderek artan bir yansımaya sahip olduğu değerlendirilmektedir.

Açık Hükümet (Open Government)

KAMU YÖNETİMİ ANSİKLOPEDİSİ, 2018

Açık hükümet veya açık yönetim, devletin tüm kurumları ile açık bir sistem gibi hareket ederek, ç... more Açık hükümet veya açık yönetim, devletin tüm kurumları ile açık bir sistem gibi hareket ederek, çevresiyle etkileşimde olmasını (Janssen, Charalabidis, & Zuiderwijk, 2012, s. 258) ifade eden bir kavrama ve bu kavramın da içerisinde olduğu bir sürece verilen isimdir. Açık hükümet kavramının; şeffaflık, katılım ve işbirliği olarak üç temel boyutunun olduğu görülmektedir (Lee ve Kwak, 2012, s. 492). Elbette, açık yönetim kavramının ortaya çıkışını, başta yönetimin alacağı kararlardan hesaba çekilmesini böylece vatandaşın yönetime daha fazla güvenmesini öngören (Baird, 1977, s. 565) günışığında yönetim kanunu (The Government in the Sunshine Act) (kavramın Türkçe karşılığını aktaran Şengül, 2005, s. 217) gibi uygulamalardan bağımsız düşünmemek gerekir. Bu bağlamda, artan gizlilik uygulamalarına dönük bilgi edinme talepleri veya bilgi ve belgelere erişim hakkı talepleri söz konusu kavramın doğuşuna zemin oluşturmuşsa da, söz konusu açık hükümet kavramını, daha önce örnekleri görülen bazı açıklık veya şeffaflık talep eden/öneren kavramlardan da ayrı düşünmek gerekir.

Cynicism as Mediating Variable Between Leadership Support and Emotional Burnout: Administrative Support Staff in Turkish Universities

Transylvanian Review of Administrative Sciences, 2018

Studies in management and organization scholarship prefer to focus on personnel who constitute th... more Studies in management and organization scholarship prefer to focus on personnel who constitute the core in institutions having bilateral employee status, academicians in the case of our research. Yet, organizational issues pertaining to administrative employees, as support personnel, seem understudied in the literature. Thus, in this study, we focus on issues experienced by administrative employees in Turkish universities. We have employed leader-member exchange theory as theoretical background, and conducted a fi eld research through a questionnaire form to test the model. Organizational cynicism , emotional burnout and leadership support constitute the main dimensions of the research theme. We argue that leadership support affects emotional burnout through organizational cynicism. Analysis shows that administrative support personnel in universities suffer from emotional burnout, mainly sourcing from organizational cynicism on which leadership support is highly infl uential. Thus superiors in bilateral institutions are expected to support administrative employees to eliminate cynicism, otherwise they are in danger of emotional burnout.

Political Discourse Strategies Used in Twitter during Gezi Park Protests: A Comparison of Two Rival Political Parties in Turkey

by Naci KARKIN, Nilay Yavuz, İsmet Parlak, and Özlem Özdeşim SUBAY

Political Discourse Strategies Used in Twitter during Gezi Park Protests: A Comparison of Two Rival Political Parties in Turkey

Along with the growing use of twitter as a tool of political interaction, recently, there has als... more Along with the growing use of twitter as a tool of political interaction, recently, there has also been an attention in the academia to understand and explain how and why politicians use twitter, and what its impact on the political outcomes are. On the other hand, there has been little analysis about the content of the tweets that politicians from different parties posted during major political events.

Accordingly, this study aims to investigate the discourse strategies that the top-level politicians of the party in power and of the main opposition party in Turkey used in their tweets during Gezi Park events in the summer of 2013. Findings from a hand-coded content analysis based on Van Dijk’s framework (2006) indicate that while the most frequently used strategy was actor descriptions and categorization for both parties’ politicians, burden strategy and lexicalization / metaphor strategy were used significantly more by the main opposition party politicians compared to the politicians of the party in power.

Değerler Üzerinden Türk Kamu Yönetiminde Değişim Algısı: 2002-2015 Dönemi Hükümet Programları

by Naci KARKIN and Mısra Ciğeroğlu Öztepe

Çankırı Karatekin Üniversitesi İİBF Dergisi, 2017

Hükümet programları, başta seçmenler olmak üzere, vatandaşlara taahhüt edilen söylemlerin, eyleme... more Hükümet programları, başta seçmenler olmak üzere, vatandaşlara taahhüt edilen söylemlerin, eyleme dönüşmesi bağlamında resmi metinlerdir. Hükümet programları, özellikle yasama ve yürütme erklerinin gündemlerini belirleyici yönüyle öne çıkmaktadır. Hükümet programları bağlamında yapılacak söylem, doküman veya içerik analizleri, hükümetlerin izleyeceği muhtemel kavramsal değişikliklerin ortaya konmasında işlevseldir. Bu çerçevede, çalışma, literatürden belirlediği on değer üzerinden, Türk kamu yönetimi sistemindeki son dönem (2002-2015) değişim çabalarına odaklanmaktadır. Çalışma, bu değerlerin, ilgili dönemde içerisinde hükümet programlarına ne oranda ve hangi bağlamda yansıdığını irdelemeye çalışmaktadır. Çalışma, belirlenen değerlerin, hükümet programlarında son derece değişen oranlarda karşılık bulduğunu; en öne çıkan değerlerin ise, “etkinlik” ve “verimlilik” olduğunu göstermektedir.

An Inquiry for Local Open Government Data Policy: Is Proactive Model of Open Government Data Portal Possible in Turkey?

This chapter describes and evaluates the current status of open government data policy and all it... more This chapter describes and evaluates the current status of open government data policy and all its applications in a particular country case. The chapter has the purpose of defining and discussing the circumstances under which the concepts of open government data and open government data portal are operationalized in Turkish context. These circumstances are analyzed by a detailed inspection of a unique local open government data portal in Şahinbey Municipality of Gaziantep province, which constitutes the first and only example of open data portal in Turkey. In addition, a semi-structured interview based on the literature is conducted with a representative of the firm responsible for the establishment and management of the portal to gain deeper insights about the open data portal initiative at the local level. Based on this inquiry, we conclude that although the development of an open government data policy and open data portal is at its infancy in Turkey, there is a potential and possibility for a prosperous development and spread of open data portals throughout the country, at least at the local level. However, a structural analysis of e-government and information disclosure policies strongly supports the argument that current open government data policies in Turkey inclines to be reactive rather than proactive, suggesting that there is no prospective indication for a proactive policy covering open data and open data portals.

Vatandaş-İdare Etkileşimi Bağlamında Bilgi Edinme Hakkı: BİMER Örneği ve İdarede İnovasyon

Öz Bu çalışma, klasik kamu yönetimi kuramında halkla ilişkiler kavramı çerçevesinde şekillenen ve... more Öz Bu çalışma, klasik kamu yönetimi kuramında halkla ilişkiler kavramı çerçevesinde şekillenen ve gelişen vatandaş-idare etkileşimi ve bunun olumlu yönlerini konu almaktadır. Gelişen teknolojik olanaklar çerçevesinde, vatandaşların idareye müracaatları ve idarenin bu müracaatlara cevapları, idarede inovasyonu geliştirecek potansiyel barındırmaktadır. Çalışma, kronolojik bağlamda, 1982 Anayasası ile başlayan dönemi temel almaktadır. İlgili anayasada " dilekçe hakkı " ile başlayan idareye müracaat kavramı, gelişen yeni imkânlar, kuramsal değişimler, uluslararası gelişmeler vb. faktörlerin de yardımıyla son derece değişik araç ve olanaklarla desteklenmiş, artık klasik halkla ilişkiler kavramıyla tanımlanamayacak bir dönüşüm göstermiştir. Bilgi edinme hakkı, Kamu Denetçiliği Kurumu'na (Ombudsman) müracaat hakkı, Başbakanlık İletişim Merkezi (BİMER) ve Cumhurbaşkanı'na Yazın (CİMER) uygulamaları gibi olanaklar, vatandaş ile idare arasındaki geleneksel tek yönlü ilişkinin, çift yönlü ilişkiye dönüşmesine yardımcı olmaktadır. Bu olanaklar, içerisinde, idarenin karşılaştığı yönetsel sorunlara dönük inovatif çözümler sağlama potansiyeli de barındırmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, başta BİMER olmak üzere vatandaş ile idare arasındaki etkileşimlerin, geleneksel tek yönlü idare-vatandaş ilişkisini etkileşime dönüştüreceği, hem de söz konusu etkileşimin idarenin muhtaç olduğu inovatif dönüşümü sağlayacağı iddia edilmektedir.

Yönetim Bilimi - Yönetim ve Örgüt Teorileri

Political Use of Twitter: The Case of Metropolitan Mayor Candidates in 2014 Local Elections in Turkey

by Naci KARKIN and Nilay Yavuz

Twitter, as a free and 140-character microblogging service, is used for many purposes, including ... more Twitter, as a free and 140-character microblogging service, is used for many purposes, including political and administrative perspectives. While administrative use is mainly motivated by citizens-administrators interaction, including politically elected, political use is highly visible during election times, not necessarily confined to these times. In this study we focus on a 3-month period twitter use by mayoral candidates in Turkey, particularly at metropolitan cities starting from the first of January till end of the March 30, 2014 when local elections were held. Tweets are categorized as of six types (i.e. information and news sharing, location and activity sharing, personal messages, direct interaction with citizens, better public services, support mobilization) derived from literature. We aim to show, at local scales, how and for which purposes twitter is used at local elections other than that of political campaign. Our results reveal that candidates for metropolitan mayors use twitter for mainly location and activity sharing during elections times as expected. What is unexpected for the study results are tweets sent for better public services as the second most tweeted category.

Twitter Use by Politicians during Social Uprisings: An Analysis of Gezi Park Protests in Turkey

by Özlem Özdeşim İkiz Subay, Naci KARKIN, and İsmet Parlak

Social uprisings clearly show that social media tools, especially Twitter, help news spread more ... more Social uprisings clearly show that social media tools, especially Twitter, help news spread more than the press does recently. In some cases Twitter substitutes traditional media if censorship is enlarged to such a level that the mainstream media channels prefer not to reflect the actual volume of the protests. Twitter is also utilized by politicians during such events to reinforce “us vs. them” division, and to gain support and legitimization for their own actions. Using critical discourse analysis, this paper aims to investigate the recurring speech patterns in the tweets of top-level politicians during the Gezi Park protests that started in Istanbul Turkey in June 2013 and spread the country rapidly. We study the tweets to draw conclusions on whether the politicians’ statements represent marginalization and polarization efforts during the Gezi Park protests. In this paper, we consider social uprising as a communal expression of both political and apolitical opposition to the party in power. Our analysis reveals that the politicians’ tweets are mainly characterized by a discourse that guides the public into some conscious direction that may reproduce marginalization and polarization among the public at large.

Social Media Policy in Turkish Municipalities: Disparity Between Awareness and Implementation

This chapter aims to analyze the present state of social media policy implementation and evaluati... more This chapter aims to analyze the present state of social media policy implementation and evaluation in Turkish municipalities in the Marmara region. We employed a questionnaire form for this purpose. We found that only a ratio of 35,5% have social media policy. A great majority of respondent municipalities lack a written guide in conducting social media use at institutional level. We do not observe a common policy for personnel education addressing social media use for better personal, or institutional interest, neither do we see a diffusive evaluation of social media use. Thus, we argue that there is an increasing rate of awareness in terms of benefitting from social media use but there is a clear deficiency with regard to implementing and evaluating the social media policy.

The use of twitter by mayors in Turkey: Tweets for better public services?

The use of twitter by mayors in Turkey: Tweets for better public services?, 2013

"This article aims to provide an overall picture of the use of Twitter as a significant social me... more "This article aims to provide an overall picture of the use of Twitter as a significant social media tool by mayors in Turkey and to investigate using content analysis and tweet categorization, whether Twitter is used by mayors in Turkey to offer better public services. Thus, this study focuses on the impact of Twitter in Turkey on transparent, participatory and citizen-oriented local public services. Our analysis has revealed that mayors in Turkey use Twitter especially to share information, send personal messages and share their location and activities. The use
of Twitter for transparent, participatory and citizen-oriented public service delivery is not common among mayors.Twitterisadoptedandusedbymayorsmostlyforthepurposesofself-promotionandpoliticalmarketing in Turkey.
"

Evaluating websites from a public value perspective: A review of Turkish local government websites

International Journal of Information Management, 2014

Government website evaluations do not always reflect the websites’ aims. Often, only aspects such... more Government website evaluations do not always reflect the websites’ aims. Often, only aspects such as content and quality are considered, whereas the primary goal of these websites is to deliver public value. In this paper we introduce the public value perspective for website evaluation. A meta-analysis of website evaluation literature is presented, the findings being that there is no uniform or comprehensive set of website evaluation metrics and that the public value perspective is largely neglected in the website evaluation literature. Next, we describe how we integrated web evaluation and public value literature in order to develop a set of criteria used for evaluating the websites of sixteen Turkish local governments. The websites performed relatively well on traditional indicators, but less well on public values measures. In particular, we found that the websites are good at supporting requests, categorization and usability, but not satisfactory at providing platforms for citizen engagement, responsiveness and dialog. Finally, we argue that the public value perspective should be incorporated in the evaluations of websites and other public efforts.

Web 2.0 Tools for Public Participation through Government Websites

Special Issue on Electronic Government, 2013

The unpredictable pace of the Internet continues to transform the relationship between the govern... more The unpredictable pace of the Internet continues to transform the relationship between the government and the citizen into a novel type of interaction. In this type of interaction government agencies are supposed to drive the interaction level up to more participative services. Web 2.0 tools may serve for such a purpose, also serving for the enlargement of e-service provision with public participation. So, Web 2.0 tools may be regarded as a catalyst for citizens to get informed and provide input for public policy making. This paper deploys an empirical study for presence and functionality of Web 2.0 tools via Turkish government websites as a mechanism for citizen participation in a fast developing country case. The methodology of study covers a visual analysis of Web 2.0 contents in government websites. The analysis shows that since government websites are internally driven, they lack most of Web 2.0 tools. Besides, government websites are far from presenting a convenient context where citizens could participate in public policy formation by having opportunities offered by Web 2.0 tools.

Kamu Değeri Kavramı ve Kamu Değeri Yönetiminin Kamu Yönetimi Kuramı Bağlamındaki Yeri

Kamu Yönetiminde Paradigma Arayışları: Yeni kamu İşletmeciliği ve Ötesi

Kamu değeri kavramı ve kamu değeri yönetimi yaklaşımı, kamu işletmeciliği paradigmasının ekonomi ... more Kamu değeri kavramı ve kamu değeri yönetimi yaklaşımı, kamu işletmeciliği paradigmasının ekonomi temelli özel sektör değerlerini öne çıkaran bir kısır döngü içerisinde kalması ve kamusal ihtiyaçlara (eşitlik, hakkaniyet, kamu yararı vd.) cevap verememesine koşut biçimde, kamu yönetimi kuramı içerisinde kendine giderek daha fazla yer bulmaktadır. Kamu değeri kavramı ve kamu değeri yönetimi de bu bağlamda işlevsel olabileceği öngörülen bir yaklaşımdır. Üzerinde oydaşım sağlanacak net bir çerçeve henüz geliştirilmemesine rağmen, kamu değeri yönetimi, Wilsoncu ve Weberci klasik kamu yönetimi kuramından, temel bazı yönler dikkate alınırsa, oldukça ayrışmaktadır. Siyasa yapım sürecinde en önemli görevi ve yetkiyi vatandaşlar tarafından seçilen siyasetçilere vermesi; kamu yöneticilerinin kamu değer(ler)i üretmek noktasında seçilmiş siyasetçilerin niyet ve amaçlarını iyi okuyabilmesi; kamu siyasalarının tayin ve tespitinde yapılabilirliğin dikkate alınması söz konusu yönler arasında sayılabilir. Siyasa yapım sürecine vatandaş katkısının sağlanabilmesinin olanaklılığı, kamu değer(ler)ini tanımlanması ve ölçülmesi noktasında işlevsel olabilir. Kamu değeri yaklaşımı, aynı zamanda, kamu işletmeciliğinden de ayrışmaktadır. Kamu değeri yönetimi yaklaşımı, kamu yöneticilerine verilmesi önerilen irade yeteneğinin ve kamu yöneticilerine atfedilmek istenen hesap verebilirliğin olabilirliğini ifade etse de, kamu hizmetleri ve kamu görevlileri hakkında salt ekonomik veya işletmeci mantıkla izah edilebilecek olan etkinlik, verimlilik, performans gibi ölçütlerin tek veya temel tanımlayıcı olarak kabul edilemeyeceğini ifade etmektedir.

Barriers for Sustainable e-Participation Process: The Case of Turkey

Government e-Strategic Planning and Management Public Administration and Information Technology , 2014

This chapter aims to evaluate what could be some possible barriers for a sustainable e-participat... more This chapter aims to evaluate what could be some possible barriers for a sustainable e-participation process in a developing country case. Sustainability refers to the provision of uninterrupted and successfully implemented programs in related to e-participation in terms of expectations and gained results. For such purpose(s), it is of utmost importance that regarding infrastructures are provided, and related precautions are ensured before enrolling in. It is argued that sustainable e-participation is kept consistent if possible barriers are successfully considered. In this context, possible and potential barriers for sustainable e-participation process are derived from the literature, but confined to five types in drawing the framework. As a country case, Turkey is evaluated in terms of some current indicators presenting an overview of information and communication technologies’ (ICTs) infrastructure and its use before discussing about barriers. Administrative, legal, institutional, and cultural dimensions that produce and feed the barriers are described next. After addressing these dimensions, it is concluded that there are some potential barriers before e-participation process. Resistance from bureaucracy for sharing their monopoly over policy making, the lack of expertise in designing methods for e-participation, privacy concerns in data sharing, a big accumulation of legal and administrative arrangement burden, and potential inertia at citizens’ side toward policy-making issues are among threat-posing features for a sustainable e-participation process in Turkey.

An analysis of the public administration curricula in Turkey: Realities, expectations, and attitudes toward novel courses

by Naci KARKIN and FATİH GÜRSES

teaching public administration, 2021

The public sector gets through a big transformation in many dimensions lately. The volume and ext... more The public sector gets through a big transformation in many dimensions lately. The volume and extent of this transformation influence institutionalization, organization, and execution of the public sector as a whole, irrespective of either a developed or a developing country case is at stake. There is a growing inclination to capture and direct this transformation in public administration scholarship. However, there is a void concerning whether and how the curricula of public administration are designed to capture and drive this transformation. This paper aims to address this void by analyzing the curricula in a developing country case, namely Turkey. This bidirectional motive of the study is served by evaluating first to analyze the attitudes, expectations, and opinions of public administration academics working and studying in the field of public affairs on several educational issues. Then, we aim to analyze the curricula of some selected public administration departments. After analyzing all the study findings, it is seen that departments in Turkey are mainly framed to represent the traditional dimensions of statehood. No matter how hard are the challenges that the governments face, public administration departments are still stuck to structural, organizational, and legal perspectives. We argue that the public sector needs curious public administrators rather than institutional ones, thus we plea for curricula that reflect meeting this need.

Establishing relational trust in e-Participation: a systematic literature review to propose a model

by Burcu Demirdoven, ECEM BUSE SEViNC CUBUK, and Naci KARKIN

ICEGOV , 2020

As information and communication technologies (ICTs) have diffused throughout the customary forms... more As information and communication technologies (ICTs) have diffused throughout the customary forms of works and services, various models, theories and approaches have emerged and been developed to measure how and to what extent people accept technologically transformed products and services in the e-government domain. Despite the existence of applicable models regarding the acceptance and diffusion of e-government and e-participation, the current literature has failed to fully cover citizens' expectations due to factors affecting complex and organic bonds between states and citizens (i.e. trust). This study aims to discuss whether and how trust serves as an intermediary function with regard to technology acceptance models on e-government in general but e-participation in particular. This review finds (1) that it is necessary to develop a comprehensive approach for a trust-building environment regarding e-participation and (2) that trust in e-participation can be consolidated through interrelation among and within parties. CCS CONCEPTS • Applied computing → Computers in other domains → Computing in government → E-government KEYWORDS Trust Model, e-Participation,

Structural changes driven by e-petitioning technology: changing the relationship between the central government and local governments

by Naci KARKIN and Marijn Janssen

Information Technology for Development, 2020

e-Petitioning is a type of information and communication technology for development that can be u... more e-Petitioning is a type of information and communication technology for development that can be used by citizens to express their voices in society. Although much work is focused on government-citizen relationships, little is known about whether and, if so, how e-petitions technology might result in structural transformations in public administration. In this study, we investigated the effects of an e-petitioning system in the Turkish public administration from neo-institutional and transaction cost perspectives. In contrast to the expectation of reducing transaction costs due to ICTs use, the transaction costs increased. The changes have further strengthened the central government by transforming the current tutelary relationship into a more hierarchical structure. The change is not driven by lowering transaction costs; instead, the change mirrors the power structures. The use of technology changed the structures in such a way that political power structures are reinforced while empowering the citizens to make their voices heard.

Municipal amalgamations in international perspective: motives addressed in scholarly research

by Naci KARKIN, Volkan Göçoğlu, and Pınar Savaş Yavuzçehre

Asia Pacific Journal of Public Administration, 2019

Mainly underpinned by economic and financial motives, amalgamations of localgovernments in and be... more Mainly underpinned by economic and financial motives, amalgamations of localgovernments in and beyond municipal areas have often been on the agenda ofmany governments. Some studies of the amalgamations have aimed to justify themor to falsify the efforts by concentrating on what could alternatively have beenachieved; while others have presented the tensions between various dynamics, includ-ing democracy and efficiency. The studies have been valuable in identifying numer-ous factors of significance to amalgamation processes and results. Hence the presentanalysis of a selected range of them with a particular and important focus on variousarticulated motives of amalgamation.

Doğrudan Vatandaş Katılımına İlişkin Kuramsal Çerçeve

Kamu Yönetiminde Doğrudan Vatandaş Katılımı, 2019

Vatandaş katılımı, günümüz kamu yönetimi disiplini ve uygulaması bağlamında ifade ettiği önem gid... more Vatandaş katılımı, günümüz kamu yönetimi disiplini ve uygulaması bağlamında ifade ettiği önem giderek artan bir kavramsallaştırmadır. Bu kavramsallaştırmanın, kamu yönetimi bağlamında hem esasa hem de usule yönelik oldukça önemli boyutları bulunmaktadır. Esas bağlamında, vatandaşın bir paydaş olarak artık istenildiği veya olanaklı olduğu ölçüde hizmet edilen değil, hizmetin tasarım ve üretiminin bir parçası olması söz konusu iken; usul bağlamında, bunun sınırlarının nerede başlayıp nerede biteceği, hangi hizmetlerde vatandaş katılımının olanaklı olacağı ve bunun nasıl gerçekleştirileceği gibi konular literatürde öne çıkmaktadır. Bu bölümde, kamu yönetimi kuramlarının doğrudan vatandaş katılımı kavramına, yani, paydaş ve muhatap olarak bireylerin kamu hizmeti tasarım ve sunum süreçlerine bireysel düzlemde müdahil olmasına nasıl baktıkları değerlendirilecektir. Bu değerlendirme, ilgi kavramsallaştırmanın kamu yönetimi disiplininde nasıl kurgulandığından hareketle, uygulamaya nasıl yansıdığını da içerecektir. Başta araçsallık yönelimli klasik kamu yönetimi olmak üzere, doğrudan vatandaş katılımı, değişen oran ve bağlamlarda hem kuramda hem de uygulamada karşılık bulmakta, bu karşılığın değer yönelimli kamu yönetimi kuramları bağlamında, son dönem itibariyle giderek artan bir yansımaya sahip olduğu değerlendirilmektedir.

Açık Hükümet (Open Government)

KAMU YÖNETİMİ ANSİKLOPEDİSİ, 2018

Açık hükümet veya açık yönetim, devletin tüm kurumları ile açık bir sistem gibi hareket ederek, ç... more Açık hükümet veya açık yönetim, devletin tüm kurumları ile açık bir sistem gibi hareket ederek, çevresiyle etkileşimde olmasını (Janssen, Charalabidis, & Zuiderwijk, 2012, s. 258) ifade eden bir kavrama ve bu kavramın da içerisinde olduğu bir sürece verilen isimdir. Açık hükümet kavramının; şeffaflık, katılım ve işbirliği olarak üç temel boyutunun olduğu görülmektedir (Lee ve Kwak, 2012, s. 492). Elbette, açık yönetim kavramının ortaya çıkışını, başta yönetimin alacağı kararlardan hesaba çekilmesini böylece vatandaşın yönetime daha fazla güvenmesini öngören (Baird, 1977, s. 565) günışığında yönetim kanunu (The Government in the Sunshine Act) (kavramın Türkçe karşılığını aktaran Şengül, 2005, s. 217) gibi uygulamalardan bağımsız düşünmemek gerekir. Bu bağlamda, artan gizlilik uygulamalarına dönük bilgi edinme talepleri veya bilgi ve belgelere erişim hakkı talepleri söz konusu kavramın doğuşuna zemin oluşturmuşsa da, söz konusu açık hükümet kavramını, daha önce örnekleri görülen bazı açıklık veya şeffaflık talep eden/öneren kavramlardan da ayrı düşünmek gerekir.

Cynicism as Mediating Variable Between Leadership Support and Emotional Burnout: Administrative Support Staff in Turkish Universities

Transylvanian Review of Administrative Sciences, 2018

Studies in management and organization scholarship prefer to focus on personnel who constitute th... more Studies in management and organization scholarship prefer to focus on personnel who constitute the core in institutions having bilateral employee status, academicians in the case of our research. Yet, organizational issues pertaining to administrative employees, as support personnel, seem understudied in the literature. Thus, in this study, we focus on issues experienced by administrative employees in Turkish universities. We have employed leader-member exchange theory as theoretical background, and conducted a fi eld research through a questionnaire form to test the model. Organizational cynicism , emotional burnout and leadership support constitute the main dimensions of the research theme. We argue that leadership support affects emotional burnout through organizational cynicism. Analysis shows that administrative support personnel in universities suffer from emotional burnout, mainly sourcing from organizational cynicism on which leadership support is highly infl uential. Thus superiors in bilateral institutions are expected to support administrative employees to eliminate cynicism, otherwise they are in danger of emotional burnout.

Political Discourse Strategies Used in Twitter during Gezi Park Protests: A Comparison of Two Rival Political Parties in Turkey

by Naci KARKIN, Nilay Yavuz, İsmet Parlak, and Özlem Özdeşim SUBAY

Political Discourse Strategies Used in Twitter during Gezi Park Protests: A Comparison of Two Rival Political Parties in Turkey

Along with the growing use of twitter as a tool of political interaction, recently, there has als... more Along with the growing use of twitter as a tool of political interaction, recently, there has also been an attention in the academia to understand and explain how and why politicians use twitter, and what its impact on the political outcomes are. On the other hand, there has been little analysis about the content of the tweets that politicians from different parties posted during major political events.

Accordingly, this study aims to investigate the discourse strategies that the top-level politicians of the party in power and of the main opposition party in Turkey used in their tweets during Gezi Park events in the summer of 2013. Findings from a hand-coded content analysis based on Van Dijk’s framework (2006) indicate that while the most frequently used strategy was actor descriptions and categorization for both parties’ politicians, burden strategy and lexicalization / metaphor strategy were used significantly more by the main opposition party politicians compared to the politicians of the party in power.

Değerler Üzerinden Türk Kamu Yönetiminde Değişim Algısı: 2002-2015 Dönemi Hükümet Programları

by Naci KARKIN and Mısra Ciğeroğlu Öztepe

Çankırı Karatekin Üniversitesi İİBF Dergisi, 2017

Hükümet programları, başta seçmenler olmak üzere, vatandaşlara taahhüt edilen söylemlerin, eyleme... more Hükümet programları, başta seçmenler olmak üzere, vatandaşlara taahhüt edilen söylemlerin, eyleme dönüşmesi bağlamında resmi metinlerdir. Hükümet programları, özellikle yasama ve yürütme erklerinin gündemlerini belirleyici yönüyle öne çıkmaktadır. Hükümet programları bağlamında yapılacak söylem, doküman veya içerik analizleri, hükümetlerin izleyeceği muhtemel kavramsal değişikliklerin ortaya konmasında işlevseldir. Bu çerçevede, çalışma, literatürden belirlediği on değer üzerinden, Türk kamu yönetimi sistemindeki son dönem (2002-2015) değişim çabalarına odaklanmaktadır. Çalışma, bu değerlerin, ilgili dönemde içerisinde hükümet programlarına ne oranda ve hangi bağlamda yansıdığını irdelemeye çalışmaktadır. Çalışma, belirlenen değerlerin, hükümet programlarında son derece değişen oranlarda karşılık bulduğunu; en öne çıkan değerlerin ise, “etkinlik” ve “verimlilik” olduğunu göstermektedir.

An Inquiry for Local Open Government Data Policy: Is Proactive Model of Open Government Data Portal Possible in Turkey?

This chapter describes and evaluates the current status of open government data policy and all it... more This chapter describes and evaluates the current status of open government data policy and all its applications in a particular country case. The chapter has the purpose of defining and discussing the circumstances under which the concepts of open government data and open government data portal are operationalized in Turkish context. These circumstances are analyzed by a detailed inspection of a unique local open government data portal in Şahinbey Municipality of Gaziantep province, which constitutes the first and only example of open data portal in Turkey. In addition, a semi-structured interview based on the literature is conducted with a representative of the firm responsible for the establishment and management of the portal to gain deeper insights about the open data portal initiative at the local level. Based on this inquiry, we conclude that although the development of an open government data policy and open data portal is at its infancy in Turkey, there is a potential and possibility for a prosperous development and spread of open data portals throughout the country, at least at the local level. However, a structural analysis of e-government and information disclosure policies strongly supports the argument that current open government data policies in Turkey inclines to be reactive rather than proactive, suggesting that there is no prospective indication for a proactive policy covering open data and open data portals.

Vatandaş-İdare Etkileşimi Bağlamında Bilgi Edinme Hakkı: BİMER Örneği ve İdarede İnovasyon

Öz Bu çalışma, klasik kamu yönetimi kuramında halkla ilişkiler kavramı çerçevesinde şekillenen ve... more Öz Bu çalışma, klasik kamu yönetimi kuramında halkla ilişkiler kavramı çerçevesinde şekillenen ve gelişen vatandaş-idare etkileşimi ve bunun olumlu yönlerini konu almaktadır. Gelişen teknolojik olanaklar çerçevesinde, vatandaşların idareye müracaatları ve idarenin bu müracaatlara cevapları, idarede inovasyonu geliştirecek potansiyel barındırmaktadır. Çalışma, kronolojik bağlamda, 1982 Anayasası ile başlayan dönemi temel almaktadır. İlgili anayasada " dilekçe hakkı " ile başlayan idareye müracaat kavramı, gelişen yeni imkânlar, kuramsal değişimler, uluslararası gelişmeler vb. faktörlerin de yardımıyla son derece değişik araç ve olanaklarla desteklenmiş, artık klasik halkla ilişkiler kavramıyla tanımlanamayacak bir dönüşüm göstermiştir. Bilgi edinme hakkı, Kamu Denetçiliği Kurumu'na (Ombudsman) müracaat hakkı, Başbakanlık İletişim Merkezi (BİMER) ve Cumhurbaşkanı'na Yazın (CİMER) uygulamaları gibi olanaklar, vatandaş ile idare arasındaki geleneksel tek yönlü ilişkinin, çift yönlü ilişkiye dönüşmesine yardımcı olmaktadır. Bu olanaklar, içerisinde, idarenin karşılaştığı yönetsel sorunlara dönük inovatif çözümler sağlama potansiyeli de barındırmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, başta BİMER olmak üzere vatandaş ile idare arasındaki etkileşimlerin, geleneksel tek yönlü idare-vatandaş ilişkisini etkileşime dönüştüreceği, hem de söz konusu etkileşimin idarenin muhtaç olduğu inovatif dönüşümü sağlayacağı iddia edilmektedir.

Yönetim Bilimi - Yönetim ve Örgüt Teorileri

Political Use of Twitter: The Case of Metropolitan Mayor Candidates in 2014 Local Elections in Turkey

by Naci KARKIN and Nilay Yavuz

Twitter, as a free and 140-character microblogging service, is used for many purposes, including ... more Twitter, as a free and 140-character microblogging service, is used for many purposes, including political and administrative perspectives. While administrative use is mainly motivated by citizens-administrators interaction, including politically elected, political use is highly visible during election times, not necessarily confined to these times. In this study we focus on a 3-month period twitter use by mayoral candidates in Turkey, particularly at metropolitan cities starting from the first of January till end of the March 30, 2014 when local elections were held. Tweets are categorized as of six types (i.e. information and news sharing, location and activity sharing, personal messages, direct interaction with citizens, better public services, support mobilization) derived from literature. We aim to show, at local scales, how and for which purposes twitter is used at local elections other than that of political campaign. Our results reveal that candidates for metropolitan mayors use twitter for mainly location and activity sharing during elections times as expected. What is unexpected for the study results are tweets sent for better public services as the second most tweeted category.

Twitter Use by Politicians during Social Uprisings: An Analysis of Gezi Park Protests in Turkey

by Özlem Özdeşim İkiz Subay, Naci KARKIN, and İsmet Parlak

Social uprisings clearly show that social media tools, especially Twitter, help news spread more ... more Social uprisings clearly show that social media tools, especially Twitter, help news spread more than the press does recently. In some cases Twitter substitutes traditional media if censorship is enlarged to such a level that the mainstream media channels prefer not to reflect the actual volume of the protests. Twitter is also utilized by politicians during such events to reinforce “us vs. them” division, and to gain support and legitimization for their own actions. Using critical discourse analysis, this paper aims to investigate the recurring speech patterns in the tweets of top-level politicians during the Gezi Park protests that started in Istanbul Turkey in June 2013 and spread the country rapidly. We study the tweets to draw conclusions on whether the politicians’ statements represent marginalization and polarization efforts during the Gezi Park protests. In this paper, we consider social uprising as a communal expression of both political and apolitical opposition to the party in power. Our analysis reveals that the politicians’ tweets are mainly characterized by a discourse that guides the public into some conscious direction that may reproduce marginalization and polarization among the public at large.

Social Media Policy in Turkish Municipalities: Disparity Between Awareness and Implementation

This chapter aims to analyze the present state of social media policy implementation and evaluati... more This chapter aims to analyze the present state of social media policy implementation and evaluation in Turkish municipalities in the Marmara region. We employed a questionnaire form for this purpose. We found that only a ratio of 35,5% have social media policy. A great majority of respondent municipalities lack a written guide in conducting social media use at institutional level. We do not observe a common policy for personnel education addressing social media use for better personal, or institutional interest, neither do we see a diffusive evaluation of social media use. Thus, we argue that there is an increasing rate of awareness in terms of benefitting from social media use but there is a clear deficiency with regard to implementing and evaluating the social media policy.

The use of twitter by mayors in Turkey: Tweets for better public services?

The use of twitter by mayors in Turkey: Tweets for better public services?, 2013

"This article aims to provide an overall picture of the use of Twitter as a significant social me... more "This article aims to provide an overall picture of the use of Twitter as a significant social media tool by mayors in Turkey and to investigate using content analysis and tweet categorization, whether Twitter is used by mayors in Turkey to offer better public services. Thus, this study focuses on the impact of Twitter in Turkey on transparent, participatory and citizen-oriented local public services. Our analysis has revealed that mayors in Turkey use Twitter especially to share information, send personal messages and share their location and activities. The use
of Twitter for transparent, participatory and citizen-oriented public service delivery is not common among mayors.Twitterisadoptedandusedbymayorsmostlyforthepurposesofself-promotionandpoliticalmarketing in Turkey.
"

Evaluating websites from a public value perspective: A review of Turkish local government websites

International Journal of Information Management, 2014

Government website evaluations do not always reflect the websites’ aims. Often, only aspects such... more Government website evaluations do not always reflect the websites’ aims. Often, only aspects such as content and quality are considered, whereas the primary goal of these websites is to deliver public value. In this paper we introduce the public value perspective for website evaluation. A meta-analysis of website evaluation literature is presented, the findings being that there is no uniform or comprehensive set of website evaluation metrics and that the public value perspective is largely neglected in the website evaluation literature. Next, we describe how we integrated web evaluation and public value literature in order to develop a set of criteria used for evaluating the websites of sixteen Turkish local governments. The websites performed relatively well on traditional indicators, but less well on public values measures. In particular, we found that the websites are good at supporting requests, categorization and usability, but not satisfactory at providing platforms for citizen engagement, responsiveness and dialog. Finally, we argue that the public value perspective should be incorporated in the evaluations of websites and other public efforts.

Web 2.0 Tools for Public Participation through Government Websites

Special Issue on Electronic Government, 2013

The unpredictable pace of the Internet continues to transform the relationship between the govern... more The unpredictable pace of the Internet continues to transform the relationship between the government and the citizen into a novel type of interaction. In this type of interaction government agencies are supposed to drive the interaction level up to more participative services. Web 2.0 tools may serve for such a purpose, also serving for the enlargement of e-service provision with public participation. So, Web 2.0 tools may be regarded as a catalyst for citizens to get informed and provide input for public policy making. This paper deploys an empirical study for presence and functionality of Web 2.0 tools via Turkish government websites as a mechanism for citizen participation in a fast developing country case. The methodology of study covers a visual analysis of Web 2.0 contents in government websites. The analysis shows that since government websites are internally driven, they lack most of Web 2.0 tools. Besides, government websites are far from presenting a convenient context where citizens could participate in public policy formation by having opportunities offered by Web 2.0 tools.

Kamu Değeri Kavramı ve Kamu Değeri Yönetiminin Kamu Yönetimi Kuramı Bağlamındaki Yeri

Kamu Yönetiminde Paradigma Arayışları: Yeni kamu İşletmeciliği ve Ötesi

Kamu değeri kavramı ve kamu değeri yönetimi yaklaşımı, kamu işletmeciliği paradigmasının ekonomi ... more Kamu değeri kavramı ve kamu değeri yönetimi yaklaşımı, kamu işletmeciliği paradigmasının ekonomi temelli özel sektör değerlerini öne çıkaran bir kısır döngü içerisinde kalması ve kamusal ihtiyaçlara (eşitlik, hakkaniyet, kamu yararı vd.) cevap verememesine koşut biçimde, kamu yönetimi kuramı içerisinde kendine giderek daha fazla yer bulmaktadır. Kamu değeri kavramı ve kamu değeri yönetimi de bu bağlamda işlevsel olabileceği öngörülen bir yaklaşımdır. Üzerinde oydaşım sağlanacak net bir çerçeve henüz geliştirilmemesine rağmen, kamu değeri yönetimi, Wilsoncu ve Weberci klasik kamu yönetimi kuramından, temel bazı yönler dikkate alınırsa, oldukça ayrışmaktadır. Siyasa yapım sürecinde en önemli görevi ve yetkiyi vatandaşlar tarafından seçilen siyasetçilere vermesi; kamu yöneticilerinin kamu değer(ler)i üretmek noktasında seçilmiş siyasetçilerin niyet ve amaçlarını iyi okuyabilmesi; kamu siyasalarının tayin ve tespitinde yapılabilirliğin dikkate alınması söz konusu yönler arasında sayılabilir. Siyasa yapım sürecine vatandaş katkısının sağlanabilmesinin olanaklılığı, kamu değer(ler)ini tanımlanması ve ölçülmesi noktasında işlevsel olabilir. Kamu değeri yaklaşımı, aynı zamanda, kamu işletmeciliğinden de ayrışmaktadır. Kamu değeri yönetimi yaklaşımı, kamu yöneticilerine verilmesi önerilen irade yeteneğinin ve kamu yöneticilerine atfedilmek istenen hesap verebilirliğin olabilirliğini ifade etse de, kamu hizmetleri ve kamu görevlileri hakkında salt ekonomik veya işletmeci mantıkla izah edilebilecek olan etkinlik, verimlilik, performans gibi ölçütlerin tek veya temel tanımlayıcı olarak kabul edilemeyeceğini ifade etmektedir.

Barriers for Sustainable e-Participation Process: The Case of Turkey

Government e-Strategic Planning and Management Public Administration and Information Technology , 2014

This chapter aims to evaluate what could be some possible barriers for a sustainable e-participat... more This chapter aims to evaluate what could be some possible barriers for a sustainable e-participation process in a developing country case. Sustainability refers to the provision of uninterrupted and successfully implemented programs in related to e-participation in terms of expectations and gained results. For such purpose(s), it is of utmost importance that regarding infrastructures are provided, and related precautions are ensured before enrolling in. It is argued that sustainable e-participation is kept consistent if possible barriers are successfully considered. In this context, possible and potential barriers for sustainable e-participation process are derived from the literature, but confined to five types in drawing the framework. As a country case, Turkey is evaluated in terms of some current indicators presenting an overview of information and communication technologies’ (ICTs) infrastructure and its use before discussing about barriers. Administrative, legal, institutional, and cultural dimensions that produce and feed the barriers are described next. After addressing these dimensions, it is concluded that there are some potential barriers before e-participation process. Resistance from bureaucracy for sharing their monopoly over policy making, the lack of expertise in designing methods for e-participation, privacy concerns in data sharing, a big accumulation of legal and administrative arrangement burden, and potential inertia at citizens’ side toward policy-making issues are among threat-posing features for a sustainable e-participation process in Turkey.

Establishing relational trust in e-Participation: a systematic literature review to propose a model

by Naci KARKIN and Burcu Demirdoven

ICEGOV 2020 Proceedings Paper, 2020

1 As information and communication technologies (ICTs) have diffused throughout the customary for... more 1 As information and communication technologies (ICTs) have diffused throughout the customary forms of works and services, various models, theories and approaches have emerged and been developed to measure how and to what extent people accept technologically transformed products and services in the e-government domain. Despite the existence of applicable models regarding the acceptance and diffusion of e-government and e-participation, the current literature has failed to fully cover citizens' expectations due to factors affecting complex and organic bonds between states and citizens (i.e. trust). This study aims to discuss whether and how trust serves as an intermediary function with regard to technology acceptance models on e-government in general but e-participation in particular. This review finds (1) that it is necessary to develop a comprehensive approach for a trust-building environment regarding e-participation and (2) that trust in e-participation can be consolidated through interrelation among and within parties. CCS CONCEPTS • Applied computing → Computers in other domains → Computing in government → E-government KEYWORDS Trust Model, e-Participation, Literature Review ACM Reference format: Burcu Demirdoven, Ecem Buse Sevinc Cubuk, Naci Karkin. 2020. Establishing relational trust in e-Participation: a systematic literature review to propose a model. In

Public sector innovativeness and public values through information and communication technologies

by Naci KARKIN and ECEM BUSE SEViNC CUBUK

Proceedings of dg.o 2019: 20th Annual International Conference on Digital Government Research (dg.o 2019), 2019

In public administration (PA) literature, there are a number of big questions regarding instituti... more In public administration (PA) literature, there are a number of big questions regarding institutional and organizational factors. Competency formation, availability of resources and citizen empowerment [1] are among them. The importance of big questions must not rely on instrumentality; rather should focus on how and whether they have consequences and value for society [2]. The literature also questions "the paradox of publicness" [3, 4] by referring the "special status of public organization" claim of [5] and "publicness theory" of [6]. Given that public organizations have different characteristics with regard to operational processes and organizational structures operating in a particularized environment [7:6], they pursue different ends [5]. Replying to these big questions, we put forward public sector innovation (PSI) and co-creation of public values (PVs) as particularly important when contextual and conditional indicators are at the table. PVs and innovations in government may serve the government to reorganize PA as a whole through producing holistic and long-term strategies to enhance public service delivery system in a multi-actor-environment. For this we need a functional mediator, thus we employ information and communication technologies (ICTs). Through ICT-led tools, various and differentiated stakeholders can meet on a continuous base to frame the collective ground. For governments, ICTs may well be used to realize collaboration, coordination, and co-creation values that would alleviate some of the issues addressed via the big questions.

The Impact of ICTs-related Innovation on Public Values in Public Sector: A Meta-Analysis

by Naci KARKIN and ECEM BUSE SEViNC CUBUK

Proceedings of the 19th Annual International Conference on Digital Government Research: Governance in the Data Age, 2018

Public sector innovation presents an understudied field when compared to innovation in elsewhere.... more Public sector innovation presents an understudied field when compared to innovation in elsewhere. This void unprecedentedly grows when information and communication technologies (ICTs) are at stake. Though the presence of developments and studies are growing in recent years, there is still a continuing need to explore the notion of public values (PVs) in public administration in its possible extent. When taking ICTs as intermediary mechanisms, it is arguable that there is a void regarding the effects of public sector innovation through ICTs on PVs to be delivered. This paper addresses this vacuity by presenting a meta-analysis on this very subject by framing a particular positioning in the field through papers systematically defined according to some criteria. We found that ICT-related innovation can promote PVs mainly through transforming the relationship between government and citizens, improving democratic outcomes such as transparency and public participation, assisting in meeting collective expectations of the public, and enabling knowledge exchange and collaboration across different organizations.

YILDIZ YAVUZ KARKIN KAYFOR XV SUNUM

This paper provides an overall picture of the governments’ experiences with using ICTs for manag... more This paper provides an overall picture of the governments’ experiences with using ICTs for managing emergencies, by conducting a meta-analysis of 20 peer-reviewed journal articles selected out of a pool of 291 articles due to being most relevant. To this end, these journal articles are analyzed according to their research motivations, methods and practical implications, with the objective of reaching some meta-conclusions by answering the research questions of (i) how governments use ICTs to address emergencies, (ii) the critical success factors in this endeavor and (iii) the outcomes of using ICTs in emergency management.

The analysis has revealed that regarding ICT use before, during or after emergencies, new technologies and concepts such as social media applications, emergency decision-support systems, big and open data, data simplification and visualization have the potential to transform emergency management activities by making them easier, faster, more interactive and less costly. Governments, emergency management experts and scholars should keep criteria such as (re)usability of data, equality of access, interactivity, coordination, standardization, contingency planning and protection of genuine human interaction in mind while designing, using and evaluating the use of ICTs in emergency management.

ZOR, KARKIN & YAVUZ KAYFOR-XV SUNUM.pptx

Türk kamu yönetiminde vatandaş idare ilişkisi, bilgi teknolojilerinin gelişimine koşut olarak, ka... more Türk kamu yönetiminde vatandaş idare ilişkisi, bilgi teknolojilerinin gelişimine koşut olarak, karşılıklı etkileşimi temel alan ve gelişen bir süreçtir. Bu sürecin görünür yüzünde, başta halkla ilişkiler kavramı olmak üzere, dilekçe hakkı, bilgi edinme hakkı, Ombudsman’a müracaat hakkı ve Başbakanlık İletişim Merkezi (BİMER) önemli bir faktörler olarak öne çıkmaktadır (Karkın & Zor, 2017). Yönetsel, örgütsel ve teknolojik değişim ve dönüşümler, idarenin hem vatandaşlarla olan ilişkilere hem de olaylara yaklaşımında gözle görülür bir dönüşüm sağlamaktadır. Örneğin, geleneksel medyanın vatandaş-idare arasındaki aracı rolü, günümüzde sosyal medya tarafından da üstlenilmektedir. Başta siyasiler olmak üzere, idareciler sosyal medya araçları üzerinden vatandaşlarla etkileşime geçebilmektedir (Sobaci & Karkin, 2013).

Kamu yönetiminin etkin ve yetkin yüzü olarak mülki idare amirleri (MİA), idarenin vatandaşla iletişiminde aracı ve temsilci rolü üstlenmektedir. Hizmet üretmek durumundaki idareciler, vatandaşlar ile çok farklı yollardan iletişim halindedirler. Bu bağlamda, mülki idare amirleri, bu ilişkilerini BİMER kanalıyla da sürdürmektedir. 2006 yılında yayımlanan bir Başbakanlık Genelgesi (2006/3) ile vatandaşlar, bilgi edinme hakkı ile ilişkili Başbakanlık Genelgesi’ne (2004/12) ek olarak görüş, öneri, istek ve şikâyetleri BİMER vasıtasıyla idareye aktarmakta; idareciler ise, BİMER marifetiyle idare nam ve hesabıyla bu taleplere yanıt vermektedir. BİMER üzerinden gelen başvurular, mülki idare amirleri için vatandaşın sorunlarını anlama noktasında yardımcı olabilmekte, onlara yol gösterici de olabilmektedir.

Mülki idare amirleri yerine getirmek zorunda oldukları resmi görevlerinin yanında vatandaş ile de iyi iletişim kurmak zorundadır. Bu iletişimin sağlanmasında doğrudan görüşmeler yapılmasının yanında, iletişim teknolojilerinin gelişimine koşut olarak, BİMER dâhil farklı kanallarla da iletişim sağlanmaktadır. Çalışmada mülki idare amirlerinin BİMER’i nasıl algıladıkları ve BİMER’den ne şekilde istifade ettiklerinin tespiti yapılmaktadır. Bu amaçla Türkiye’nin farklı yerlerinde görev yapan mülki idare amirleri (vali yardımcısı, kaymakam, kaymakam adayı) ile yapılan anket çalışması ile BİMER’e yaklaşımları belirlenmiştir.

Çalışmanın birinci bölümünde, halkla ilişkiler kavramı, halkla ilişkiler modelleri açıklanmıştır. Halkla ilişkilerin bir disiplin olarak tarihsel gelişimi, kamu yönetiminde halkla ilişkiler yöntemleri ele alınmıştır. İkinci kısımda, kamu yönetiminde bireysel başvurular ile ilgili yasal düzenlemeler, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Anayasası, dilekçe hakkı kanunu, bilgi edinme hakkı kanunu ve 2006/3 başbakanlık genelgesine dikkat çekilmektedir. Çalışmanın üçüncü kısmı, MİA’ların BİMER’e bakışlarını ve vatandaşın BİMER yardımıyla idareye katkı verip veremediklerini yapılan bir alan araştırması üzerinden idareciler gözüyle ortaya koymaya çalışmaktadır. Çalışmanın takip eden bölümü bulgu ve tartışmaya ayrılmış olup, don bölümü ise, sonuç ve değerlendirme olarak kurgulanmıştır.

MÜLKİ İDARE AMİRLERİNİN BİMER VE VATANDAŞ KATILIMI HAKKINDA TUTUM, BEKLENTİ VE DEĞERLENDİRMELERİ

ÖZET Bu çalışma, klasik kamu yönetimin bir fonksiyonu olan halkla ilişkiler kavramının bilişim ve... more ÖZET Bu çalışma, klasik kamu yönetimin bir fonksiyonu olan halkla ilişkiler kavramının bilişim ve iletişim teknolojilerinin gelişimine koşut geçirdiği dönüşüm üzerine odaklanmaktadır. Çalışma, bu bağlamda, mülki idare amirlerinin, kamu yönetimimizde oldukça işlevsel olduğu düşünülen Başbakanlık İletişim Merkezi'ne (BİMER) bakışlarını ve BİMER yardımıyla vatandaşların kamu yönetimine katkı verme ve katılım sağlamaları hakkındaki görüş ve değerlendirmelerini analiz etmeye çalışmaktadır. Bu amaçla Nisan-Eylül 2015 döneminde MİA'lar üzerinde bir alan araştırması yapılmış, 226 MİA'nın BİMER ve vatandaş katılımı hakkındaki değerlendirmeleri analiz edilmiştir. Söz konusu çalışmaya katılan 226 MĠA'nın sağladığı veriler üzerinden yapılan betimsel ve istatistiksel analizler, BİMER'in vatandaş-idare etkileşimi konusunda giderek işlevsel olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Vatandaşlar, BİMER marifetiyle idareye sadece dilek, istek, şikâyet, öneri iletmemekte; aynı zamanda, idareye ve idarecilere gerçekten katkı sağlamaktadır. BİMER'in bu bağlamdaki geleneksel halkla ilişkiler nosyonu aşan bir işlevselliğe sahip olması, siyasetçilere ve idarecilere hem BİMER'in güçlendirilmesi (2019 itibariyle BİMER'in CİMER'e dâhil edilebilmesi söz konusu olabilir) hem de ilave iletişim kanalları oluşturma yönünde teşvik etmeleri yönünde güçlü sinyaller göndermektedir.

ABSTRACT This study focuses on transformation of public relations function of traditional public administration through developments in information and communication technologies. The paper, in this context, analyses of district governors' (DGs) opinions and expectations over BĠMER (The Prime Ministry Communication Center) and citizen engagement in addition to citizen input to public policy through BĠMER. For this very purpose, the study analyzes data gathered by employing a field research via an online questionnaire for district governors in April – September 2015. Descriptive and statistical analyses 226 district governors participated in the study shows that DGs conceive BĠMER of pretty functional in citizen – government interaction. The study proves that citizens submit not only their wishes, petitions, proposals, complaints or requests to administration but they also provide administration and governors with real contributory input. Thus, we propose politicians to empower the citizens through various means and to promote additional information and communication channels besides enforcing BİMER, or CİMER after constitutional amendments be in use.

PUBLIC VALUE CREATION THROUGH OPENING GOVERNMENT: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW FOR FUTURE PROMISES

by Naci KARKIN and ECEM BUSE SEViNC CUBUK

This article furnishes a comprehensive analysis of the relationship between open government progr... more This article furnishes a comprehensive analysis of the relationship between open government programs and public value creation through a systematic analysis of 15 peer-reviewed papers, obtained from 53 journal articles and conference proceedings that handles joint issue of open government and public value notions in an integrative approach. The study involves thorough evaluation of selected papers' focal scopes over a number of pre-defined elements as such: research contexts, methods, theoretical backgrounds and research perspectives by seeking answers to research questions of (i) to what extent open data initiatives make a way for value generation, (ii) to whom (the parties of of initiatives) the expected values serve for (public general, specific interest groups/agencies, political actors or governmental body), (iii) how the utility of an Open Government Data (OGD) can be understood and measured – whether public value, or values are a result of an action/implementation or accepting them as intrinsically good. The review has proved that introduction of new technologies and glossary on digital government purposely, or unwittingly has contributed to creation of public values. Government efforts to receive benefits from open data directives have consequently turned into discussions on the value of government data release. Governmental bodies, politicans, special interest groups, public general and scholars should consider the intrinsic value of open government practices as well as outcomes of initiatives due to the need for revising the conceptual framework of public value. This is because there emerge new approaches referring to collaborative and multi-actor value creation process in digital transformation.

Explaining Government Crowdsourcing Decisions: A Theoretical Model

by Naci KARKIN and ECEM BUSE SEViNC CUBUK

Digital Government and Achieving E-Public Participation, 2020

Crowdsourcing online has been popularly utilized especially among business organizations to achie... more Crowdsourcing online has been popularly utilized especially among business organizations to achieve efficiency and effectiveness goals and to obtain a competitive advantage in the market. With the governments' increasing interest in using information and communication technologies for a variety of purposes, including generation of public value(s) and innovative practices, online crowdsourcing has also entered into the public administration domain. Accordingly, studies have investigated critical success factors for governmental crowdsourcing, or explored citizen participation in crowdsourcing activities in case studies. However, governmental decision to adopt online crowdsourcing as innovation has not been sufficiently examined in the extant literature. The objective of this chapter is to propose a theoretical model that explains the government adoption of crowdsourcing. Based on the review of case studies on governmental crowdsourcing, an integrated theoretical model of factors affecting government crowdsourcing decisions is developed.

Higher Public Officials on Direct Citizen Participation in Turkey: Institutionalized vs. Curious Public Administrators

by Naci KARKIN and belgin uçar kocaoglu

Civic Engagement Frameworks and Strategic Leadership Practices for Organization Development, 2020

Governments are expected to introduce public policies to empower citizens to engage in government... more Governments are expected to introduce public policies to empower citizens to engage in government business for various reasons including trust building. This chapter presents enablers/barriers before direct citizen participation (DCP) in Turkey by employing interviews conducted with higher public administrators at the ministerial level. The results reveal that DCP is mostly used for informing and consultation purposes rather than fostering a citizen deliberation. The main barriers before DCP are found as centralized bureaucratic structure, lack of administrators' awareness for DCP, and a lack of participation culture. The authors argue that DCP could be fostered where public officials are curious rather than institutionalized.