Kereta kebal AMX-30
AMX-30 | |
---|---|
Jenis | Kereta kebal utama |
Tempat asal | Perancis |
Sejarah perkhidmatan | |
Dalam perkhidmatan | 1966–kini |
Digunakan oleh | Bosnia, Chile, Cyprus, France, Greece, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Spain, United Arab Emirates, Venezuela |
Perang | Perang Teluk |
Sejarah pengeluaran | |
Direka | 1963 |
Jumlah dibina | 3,571 |
Spesifikasi | |
Berat | 36 tonne (40 short ton; 35 long ton) |
Panjang | 9.48 m (31 ka 1 in) (gun forward) |
Lebar | 3.1 m (10 ka 2 in) |
Tinggi | 2.28 m (7 ka 6 in) |
Krew | 4 (commander, gunner, loader, driver) |
Armor | 80 mm (3.1 in) maximum[1] |
Senjata pertama | 105 mm Modèle F1 tank gun |
Senjata kedua | 20 mm autocannon, 7.62 mm machine gun machine gun |
Enjin | Hispano-Suiza HS-110 680 hp (510 kW)-720 hp (540 kW) |
Transmisi | Manual on AMX30; Semi-automatic SESM ENC200 on AMX-30B2 |
Sistem ampaian | torsion bar |
Jarak operasi | 600 km (370 bt) |
Kelajuan | 65 km/j (40 mph) |
Kereta kebal AMX-30 telah dibangunkan sejak pertengahan 1950-an oleh Atelier de Construction d'Issy-les-Moulineaux bagi memenuhi keperluan oleh Tentera Perancis. Prototaip pertama disiapkan pada tahun 1960 dengan pengeluaran bermula di Atelier de Construction Roanne (ARE) pada tahun 1966, di mana lebih 3,500 kereta kebal utama AMX-30 dan variasinya telah dibina bagi pasaran tempatan dan eksport. Pengeluaran kereta kebal utama AMX-30 telah pun tamat dan dalam Tentera Perancis ia telah mula digantikan oleh kereta kebal utama GIAT Industries Leclerc.
Pemandu duduk disebelah kiri dengan turet tuang di tengah, enjin dan transmisi dibelakang. Komander dan jurumeriam duduk di kanan turet, pemuat di kiri. Meriam 105mm dongakan bermotor dari -8° hingga +20°, turet berputar penuh 360°. Senjata utama menembak peluru APFSDS, HEAT, HE, asap dan penerang dangan meriam 20mm atau mesingan 12.7mm dipasang sepaksi di sebelah kiri.
Meriam memiliki dongakan bebas bagi mensasar kapal terbang rendah atau helikopter. Satu mesingan 7.62mm dipasang di sebelah kanan cupola komander. Sesetengah kereta kebal utama AMX-30 62 bagi Tentera Perancis telah dipasang dengan perisai reaktif di gerbang hadapan (“frontal arc”).
Variasi
[sunting | sunting sumber]AMX-30D telah dibangunkan bagi operasi gurun dengan perisai pasir bagi treknya, enjin menghasilkan 620hp dan pengurangan kadar kotak gear yang menghadkan kepantasannya pada 60km/sejam.
AMX-30B2: Modifikasi termasuk system kawalan tembakan baru dengan penjejak jarak laser dan LLTV termasuk juga peningkatan automatif. Sebagai tambahan menerima penghantaran AMX-30B2 yang baru dibina, Tentera Perancis turut menaik taraf banyak kenderaan awal pada piwaian ini.
- AMX-30-an dipermodenkan: Sejumlah negara dan syarikat telah membangunkan pakej permodenan bagi kereta kebal utama AMX-30 MBT, hanya satu memasuki pengilangan, di Sepanyol.
- AMX-30D ARV.
- AMX-30 AVLB.
- 155mm GCT howitzer gerak sendiri yang menggunakan badan AMX-30.
- AMX-30 kereta kebal latihan pemandu AMX-30 dengan turet diganti oleh cupola pemerhati.
- AMX-30 EBG Trektor Jurutera Tempur
- Roland sistem peluru berpandu anti-pesawat
- Shahine sistem peluru berpandu anti-pesawat, dibina bagi Arab Saudi.
- AMX-30 DCA 30mm berkembar sistem anti-pesawat gerak sendiri.
Status
[sunting | sunting sumber]Pengeluaran tamat. Dalam perkhidmatan dengan Bosnia, Chile, Croatia, Cyprus, Perancis, Greece, Qatar, Arab Saudi, Sepanyol, United Arab Emirates dan Venezuela.
Pengilang
[sunting | sunting sumber]GIAT Industries, Roanne, Perancis.
Rujukan
[sunting | sunting sumber]- Notes
- ^ Foss (2006), p. 30
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