Arbutus unedo

Arbutus unedo
	Buah Arbutus unedo
Status pemuliharaan
	; Kurang membimbangkan (IUCN 3.1)
Pengelasan saintifik
Alam:	Plantae
(tanpa pangkat):	Angiospermae
(tanpa pangkat):	Eudikotil
(tanpa pangkat):	Asterids
Order:	Ericales
Keluarga:	Ericaceae
Genus:	Arbutus
Spesies:	unedo
	Taburan, penjelasan: ; asli ✖ terasingan ▲ diperkenalkan manusia
Sinonim
	Synonymy Unedo edulis Hoffmanns. ; Arbutus vulgaris Bubani ; Arbutus cassinifolia Steud. ; Arbutus crispa Hoffmanns. ; Arbutus croomii auct. ; Arbutus integrifolia Sims ; Arbutus intermedia Heldr. ex Nyman ; Arbutus laurifolia L.f. ; Arbutus microphylla auct. ; Arbutus nothocomaros Heldr. ex Nyman ; Arbutus procumbens Kluk ex Besser ; Arbutus salicifolia (Lodd.) Cels ex Hoffmanns. ; Arbutus serratifolia Salisb. ; Arbutus turbinata Pers. ex Rchb. ;

Arbutus unedo adalah pokok renek malar hijau dalam keluarga Ericaceae yang berasal dari wilayah Mediterranean dari Portugal, Sepanyol dan Perancis tenggara Eropah ke selatan di Algeria, Maghribi, Libya, dan Tunisia benua Afrika hinggalah ke timur di Itali, Slovenia dan kawasan Balkan serta Turki, Lubnan dan Syria di Timur Tengah.^[2]

Botani

Buahnya berupa beri dimensi 1-2 sm diameter yang berwarna kemerah-merahan serta mempunyai rasa manis apabila masak (kira-kira 12 bulan sehingga musim luruh). Bentuk buah pokok ini juga diamati masyarakat setempat hampir menyerupai strawberi sehingga adakala memberi nama "pokok strawberi" (bahasa Inggeris: strawberry treecode: en is deprecated , Jerman: Erdbeerbaumcode: de is deprecated , Perancis: arbre à fraisescode: fr is deprecated )^[3]^[4]^[5] tetapi sedikit membulat dengan kulit bertonjolan kasar apabila diperhatikan dekat.^[3]

Kegunaan

Buah spesies mempunyai kandungan gula relatif tinggi (40%) lagi-lagi apabila ia terlebih matang yang merupakan tahap paling digemari makan; namun ia senang lembik atau mereput sehingga sukar diangkut secara segar.^[6] Oleh itu, buah ini banyak digunakan untuk membuat lepa dan jem, yogurt dan minuman keras.^[7]^[8] Abu Zakaria ibn al-'Awwam menulis dalam Kitab Pertaniannya bahawa pokok buah ini (nama Arab: قُطلُب, rumi: quṭlubcode: ar is deprecated ) banyak ditanam di kebun-kebun serata kerajaan Andalusiah.^[9]

Buah ini turut mempunyai kandungan tanin yang berkurangan apabila ia semakin masak.^[6] Selain semua ini juga, buah ini mengandungi vitamin antioksidan seperti vitamin C, beta-karoten, niasin, tokoferol, dan asid organik pendahulu kepada asid lemak omega-3 dan omega-6 (hampir 9%).^[10]^[11]

Rujukan

^ Khela, S. & Rivers, M.C. (2017). "Arbutus unedo". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN. 2017: e.T202930A68076133. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T202930A68076133.en.
^ "Arbutus unedo". Rangkaian Maklumat Sumber Germplasma (GRIN). Perkhidmatan Penyelidikan Pertanian, Jabatan Pertanian Amerika Syarikat. Dicapai pada 11 Disember 2017.
^ ^a ^b Rydelek, Jared (2014). "Strawberry Tree Fruit". Atlas Obscura. Dicapai pada 23 Julai 2021.
^ "Arbutus unedo | strawberry tree". RHS Gardening (dalam bahasa Inggeris). The Royal Horticultural Society. Dicapai pada 23 Julai 2021.
^ "Arbutus unedo". Plant Finder. Missouri Botanical Garden. Dicapai pada 23 July 2021.
^ ^a ^b Molina, M.; Pardo-De-Santayana, M.; Aceituno, L.; Morales, R.; Tardio, J. (1 Oktober 2011). "Fruit production of strawberry tree (Arbutus unedo L.) in two Spanish forests". Forestry (dalam bahasa Inggeris). 84 (4): 419–429. doi:10.1093/forestry/cpr031. ISSN 0015-752X. Many frugivorous birds and several mammals feed on its fleshy fruits
^ Bonet, M. Angels; Vallès, Joan (2002). "Use of non-crop food vascular plants in Montseny biosphere reserve (Catalonia, Iberian Peninsula)". International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition. 53 (3): 225–248. doi:10.1080/09637480220132841. ISSN 0963-7486. PMID 11951586.
^ M.L.C.M.M.Alarcão-E-Silva; A.E.B.Leitão; H.G.Azinheira; M.C.A.Leitão (February 2001). "The Arbutus Berry: Studies on its Color and Chemical Characteristics at Two Mature Stages". Journal of Food Composition and Analysis (dalam bahasa Inggeris). 14: 27–35. doi:10.1006/jfca.2000.0962.
^ Clark, Emma (2004). The Art of the Islamic Garden. m/s. 126. ISBN 9781847972040.
^ Alarcão-E-Silva, M. L. C. M. M.; Leitão, A. E. B.; Azinheira, H. G.; Leitão, M. C. A. (1 February 2001). "The Arbutus Berry: Studies on its Color and Chemical Characteristics at Two Mature Stages". Journal of Food Composition and Analysis. 14 (1): 27–35. doi:10.1006/jfca.2000.0962. Arbutus berry appears to be a good source of vitamins, namely niacin, ascorbic acid and β -carotene (content of 9.1, 346.3 and 70.9 mg/100 g, respectively), organic acids (nearly 9%), total sugars (c. 42%) and tannins (1.75 mg g−1).
^ Barros, Lillian; Carvalho, Ana Maria; Morais, Jorge Sá; Ferreira, Isabel C. F. R. (1 May 2010). "Strawberry-tree, blackthorn and rose fruits: Detailed characterisation in nutrients and phytochemicals with antioxidant properties". Food Chemistry (dalam bahasa Inggeris). 120 (1): 247–254. doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2009.10.016. The analysed fruits contain very useful bioactive phytochemicals such as phenolics, vitamins (ascorbic acid and tocopherols) and carotenoids [..] The combination of bioactive compounds and rich nutritional composition (high contents in carbohydrates, low contents in fat with the precious contribution of polyunsaturated fatty acids, precursors of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids) of the studied wild fruits make them a very special food.

Pautan luar

Arbutus unedo — Calphotos, Universiti California

[IUCN-1] Khela, S. & Rivers, M.C. (2017). "Arbutus unedo". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN. 2017: e.T202930A68076133. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T202930A68076133.en.

[2] "Arbutus unedo". Rangkaian Maklumat Sumber Germplasma (GRIN). Perkhidmatan Penyelidikan Pertanian, Jabatan Pertanian Amerika Syarikat. Dicapai pada 11 Disember 2017.

[Rydelek-3] Rydelek, Jared (2014). "Strawberry Tree Fruit". Atlas Obscura. Dicapai pada 23 Julai 2021.

[4] "Arbutus unedo | strawberry tree". RHS Gardening (dalam bahasa Inggeris). The Royal Horticultural Society. Dicapai pada 23 Julai 2021.

[5] "Arbutus unedo". Plant Finder. Missouri Botanical Garden. Dicapai pada 23 July 2021.

[:0-6] Molina, M.; Pardo-De-Santayana, M.; Aceituno, L.; Morales, R.; Tardio, J. (1 Oktober 2011). "Fruit production of strawberry tree (Arbutus unedo L.) in two Spanish forests". Forestry (dalam bahasa Inggeris). 84 (4): 419–429. doi:10.1093/forestry/cpr031. ISSN 0015-752X. Many frugivorous birds and several mammals feed on its fleshy fruits

[7] Bonet, M. Angels; Vallès, Joan (2002). "Use of non-crop food vascular plants in Montseny biosphere reserve (Catalonia, Iberian Peninsula)". International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition. 53 (3): 225–248. doi:10.1080/09637480220132841. ISSN 0963-7486. PMID 11951586.

[8] M.L.C.M.M.Alarcão-E-Silva; A.E.B.Leitão; H.G.Azinheira; M.C.A.Leitão (February 2001). "The Arbutus Berry: Studies on its Color and Chemical Characteristics at Two Mature Stages". Journal of Food Composition and Analysis (dalam bahasa Inggeris). 14: 27–35. doi:10.1006/jfca.2000.0962.

[9] Clark, Emma (2004). The Art of the Islamic Garden. m/s. 126. ISBN 9781847972040.

[10] Alarcão-E-Silva, M. L. C. M. M.; Leitão, A. E. B.; Azinheira, H. G.; Leitão, M. C. A. (1 February 2001). "The Arbutus Berry: Studies on its Color and Chemical Characteristics at Two Mature Stages". Journal of Food Composition and Analysis. 14 (1): 27–35. doi:10.1006/jfca.2000.0962. Arbutus berry appears to be a good source of vitamins, namely niacin, ascorbic acid and β -carotene (content of 9.1, 346.3 and 70.9 mg/100 g, respectively), organic acids (nearly 9%), total sugars (c. 42%) and tannins (1.75 mg g−1).

[11] Barros, Lillian; Carvalho, Ana Maria; Morais, Jorge Sá; Ferreira, Isabel C. F. R. (1 May 2010). "Strawberry-tree, blackthorn and rose fruits: Detailed characterisation in nutrients and phytochemicals with antioxidant properties". Food Chemistry (dalam bahasa Inggeris). 120 (1): 247–254. doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2009.10.016. The analysed fruits contain very useful bioactive phytochemicals such as phenolics, vitamins (ascorbic acid and tocopherols) and carotenoids [..] The combination of bioactive compounds and rich nutritional composition (high contents in carbohydrates, low contents in fat with the precious contribution of polyunsaturated fatty acids, precursors of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids) of the studied wild fruits make them a very special food.

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