Paparahi

Ko te paparahi tētahi whenua e karapotia e te wai, ā, he nui ake i te moutere.

Ahakoa tēnei whakamāramatanga ngāwari, ehara te paparahi i te mea paearu taikaha, ā, he maha ngā tukanga tatau rerekē mō te tau o ngā paparahi ki Papatūānuku. Heoti, e ai ki te ritenga, e whitu ngā rohe e māramatia auautia ko te paparahi, arā ko: (mai te nui rawa ki te iti) Āhia, Āwherika, Amerika-ki-te-Raki, Amerika ki te Tonga, te Tiri o te Moana, Ūropi, me te Ao-o-Kiwa.

I te tātai aro whenua, he wāhanga kirinuku paparahi hoki ngā paparahi totohu.

Tukanga Tatau

He maha ngā tukanga tatau paparahi rerekē:

Tauira
Mahere whenua whai tae e whakaatu ana i ngā paparahi whakaehu. Whakaatu ai ngā kano āhua ōrite i ngā rohe ka taea te whakakotahi, te weherua rānei.
Paparahi 3^[1]	Āwhe-Eurāhia			Amerika		Tiri o te Moana
Paparahi 4^[2]	Āwhe-Eurāhia			Amerika		Tiri o Te Moana	Ahitereiria
Paparahi 5 ^[3]^[4]^[5]	Āwherika	Eurāhia		Amerika		Tiri o Te Moana	Ahitereiria
Paparahi 6^[6]	Āwherika	Ūropi	Āhia	Amerika		Tiri o Te Moana	Ahitereiria
Paparahi 6 ^[3]^[7]	Āwherika	Eurāhia		Amerika ki te Raki	Amerika ki te Tonga	Tiri o Te Moana	Ahitereiria
Paparahi 7 ^[8]^[7]^[9]^[10]^[11]^[12]	Āwherika	Ūropi	Āhia	Amerika ki te Raki	Amerika ki te Tonga	Tiri o Te Moana	Ahitereiria

Whakaakona ai te tauira paparahi-e-whitu ki Haina, Īnia, Piripīni, ētahi wāhanga o Ūropi ki te Uru, ā, te nuinga o ngā Whenua kōrero Ingarihi, whai hoki Ahitereiria^[13] me Ingarangi^[14]
Whakamahia ai te tauira paparahi-e-ono whakakotahi-Eurāhia ki Rūhia, Ūropi ki te Uru, me Nipono.
Whakamahia ai te tauira paparahi-e-ono whakakotahi-Amerika ki Wīwī me ōna tāmianga ō mua, ki Itāria, Potukara, Pāniora, Romānia, Amerika Ratino,^[15] Kirihi,^[6], ā, ki ētahi atu wāhanga o Ūropi.
Ka whakahua te tauira paparahi-e-rima mā te awere i te Tiri o te Moana kainoho kore. Whakamahia tēnei tauira ki te Tuhiture Orimipeka.^[16]

I ētahi wā ka whakamahia te kupu Ao o Kiwa hei whakakapi mō te kupu Ahitereiria hei ingoa mō tētahi rohe whai te paparahi Ahitereiria me ētahi atu moutere ki te Moananui ā-Kiwa kāore i roto i te tauira paparahi-e-whitu. Hei tauira, ka whakamahia te Atlas of Canada (Mahere o Kānata) i te ingoa Ao-o-Kiwa,^[9] ā, ka pērā hoki ngā tauira e whakaakona ki Wīwī, Itāria, Kirihi,^[6] ki ngā whenua Ibero-Amerika (Pāniora, Potukara, Parihi me Amerika Hipāniora), Haina, me Kōrea ki te Tonga.

Rahinga whenua, taupori

Template:Tiro hoki

Ka whakarāpopoto te ripanga e whai ake nei i ngā rahinga me taupori o ia paparahi (me te tauira paparahi whitu), kua raupapahia ā-rahinga e heke ana.^[17]

Whakatauritenga rahinga (ā-10 miriona km²) me taupori (ā-piriona tāngata).

Paparahi	Rahi (km²)	Rahi (mi²)	Ōrau whenua tapeke	Taupori	Ōrau taupori tapeke	Taupori kiato ia km²	Taupori kiato ia mi²	Tāone whaimana taupori maha
Āhia	43,820,000	16,920,000	29.5%	4,164,252,000	60%	95.0	246	Shanghai, Haina
Āwherika	30,370,000	11,730,000	20.4%	1,022,234,000	15%	33.7	87	Lagos, Ngāitiria
Amerika ki te Raki	24,490,000	9,460,000	16.5%	542,056,000	8%	22.1	57	Mexico City, Mehiko
Amerika ki te Tonga	17,840,000	6,890,000	12.0%	392,555,000	6%	22.0	57	São Paulo, Parīhi
Tiri o Te Moana	13,720,000	5,300,000	9.2%	4,490^[18]	0%	0.0003	0.00078	McMurdo Station, US
Ūropi	10,180,000	3,930,000	6.8%	738,199,000	11%	72.5	188	Mohikau, Rūhia^[19]
Ahitereiria	9,008,500	3,478,200	5.9%	29,127,000	0.4%	3.2	8.3	Poihākena, Ahitereiria

E 148,647,000 square kilometres (57,393,000 sq mi) te rahinga whenua tapeke o ngā paparahi katoa, arā, 29.1% o te mata o te ao (510,065,600 km² or 196,937,400 sq mi).

E 7,000,000,000 te taupori tapeke o ngā paparahi katoa e ai ki te whakataunga tata āwhiwhiwhi.

Tūwāhi teitei, hohonu

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Whakaatu ai ngā ripanga e whai ake nei i ngā paparahi e whitu me ō rātou pūwāhi teitei rawa, pūwāhi hohonu rawa, kua raupapahia ā-pūwāhi teitei rawa e heke ana.

Paparahi	Tūwāhi teitei	Tairanga (m)	Tairanga (ft)	Whenua, takiwā rānei reira te tūwāhi teitei	Tūwāhi hohonu	Tairanga (m)	Tairanga (ft)	Whenua, takiwā rānei reira te tūwāhi hohonu
Āhia	Maunga Everest	8,848	29,029	Haina / Nepōra	Moana Mate	−427	−1,401	Iharaira / Hōrano
Amerika ki te Tonga	Aconcagua	6,960	22,830	Āketina	Laguna del Carbón	−105	−344	Āketina
Amerika ki te Raki	Denali	6,198	20,335	Hononga-o-Amerika	Death Valley †	−86	−282	Hononga-o-Amerika
Āwherika	Mount Kilimanjaro	5,895	19,341	Tānahia	Roto Assal	−155	−509	Tipūti
Ūropi	Maunga Elbrus	5,642	18,510	Rūhia	Moana Caspian	−28	−92	Rūhia
Tiri o Te Moana	Vinson Massif	4,892	16,050	(korekau)	Roto Hohonu, Vestfold Hills †	−50	−160	(korekau)
Ahitereiria	Puncak Jaya	4,884	16,024	Initonīhia (Papua)	Roto Eyre	−15	−49	Ahitereiria

† The lowest exposed points are given for North America and Antarctica. The lowest non-submarine bedrock elevations in these continents are the trough beneath Jakobshavn Glacier (−1,512 metres (−4,961 ft)^[20]) and Bentley Subglacial Trench (−2,540 metres (−8,330 ft)), but these are covered by kilometers of ice.

Some sources list the Kuma–Manych Depression (a remnant of the Paratethys) as the geological border between Europe and Asia. This would place the Caucasus outside of Europe, thus making Mont Blanc (elevation 4810 m) in the Graian Alps the highest point in Europe - the lowest point would still be the shore of the Caspian Sea.

Kupu tautoko

↑ "The Theory of Geography: Rethinking Classic Distinctions". Longstreet, Cecil, ed. 1970. Durham: Smythe, Green, and Richardson; p. 302.
↑ (2005, Golson Books Ltd.) R. W. McColl: 'continents' - Encyclopedia of World Geography, Volume 1. He mea kite i te 2012-06-26. “And since Africa and Asia are connected at the Suez Peninsula, Europe, Africa, and Asia are sometimes combined as Afro-Eurasia or Eurafrasia.”
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 "Continent. Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th Edition, 2012. Columbia University Press.
↑ Océano Uno, Diccionario Enciclopédico y Atlas Mundial, "Continente", page 392, 1730. ISBN 84-494-0188-7
↑ Los Cinco Continentes (The Five Continents), Planeta-De Agostini Editions, 1997. ISBN 84-395-6054-0
↑ ^6.0 ^6.1 ^6.2 [1] Older/previous official Greek Paedagogical Institute 6th grade Geography textbook (at the Wayback Machine), 5+1 continents combined-America model; Pankosmios Enyklopaidikos Atlas, CIL Hellas Publications, ISBN 84-407-0470-4, page 30, 5+1 combined-America continents model; Neos Eikonographemenos Geographikos Atlas, Siola-Alexiou, 6 continents combined-America model; Lexico tes Hellenikes Glossas, Papyros Publications, ISBN 978-960-6715-47-1, lemma continent (epeiros), 5 continents model; Lexico Triantaphyllide online dictionary , Greek Language Center (Kentro Hellenikes Glossas), lemma continent (epeiros), 6 continents combined-America model; Lexico tes Neas Hellenikes Glossas, G.Babiniotes, Kentro Lexikologias (Legicology Center) LTD Publications , ISBN 960-86190-1-7, lemma continent (epeiros), 6 continents combined-America model
↑ ^7.0 ^7.1 "Continent". Encyclopædia Britannica. 2006. Chicago: Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
↑ World, National Geographic - Xpeditions Atlas. 2006. Washington, DC: National Geographic Society.
↑ ^9.0 ^9.1 The World - Continents, Atlas of Canada
↑ The New Oxford Dictionary of English. 2001. New York: Oxford University Press.
↑ "Continent". MSN Encarta Online Encyclopedia 2006.. 2009-10-31.
↑ "Continent". McArthur, Tom, ed. 1992. The Oxford Companion to the English Language. New York: Oxford University Press; p. 260.
↑ "F-10 Curriculum Geograph". Australian Curriculum, Assessment, and Reporting Authority. Archived from the original on 2014-03-24. Retrieved 2015-11-14.
↑ "National curriculum in England: geography programmes of study". UK Department for Education.
↑ "Real Academia Española". Lema.rae.es. Retrieved 2013-09-30.
↑ "Preamble" (PDF). Olympic Charter. International Olympic Committee. 8 December 2014. p. 10. Retrieved 7 August 2015. the five interlaced rings, which represent the union of the five continents
↑ "Total Population – Both Sexes". World Population Prospects, the 2010 Revision. United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs. 28 June 2011. Retrieved 24 October 2011. (Per linked individual article definitions, North America includes UN population estimates for North America, Central America and Caribbean; Australia includes Australia and Papua New Guinea.)
↑ Non-permanent, varies. See also: Demographics of Antarctica. Antarctica. CIA World Factbook. March 2011 data. Retrieved December 24, 2011.
↑ "Forbes проигнорировал Москву". www.irn.ru.
↑ Plummer, Joel. Jakobshavn Bed Elevation, Center for the Remote Sensing of the Ice Sheets, Dept of Geography, University of Kansas.

[Longstreet-1] "The Theory of Geography: Rethinking Classic Distinctions". Longstreet, Cecil, ed. 1970. Durham: Smythe, Green, and Richardson; p. 302.

[2] (2005, Golson Books Ltd.) R. W. McColl: 'continents' - Encyclopedia of World Geography, Volume 1. He mea kite i te 2012-06-26. “And since Africa and Asia are connected at the Suez Peninsula, Europe, Africa, and Asia are sometimes combined as Afro-Eurasia or Eurafrasia.”

[Columbia-3] 3.0 ^3.1 "Continent. Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th Edition, 2012. Columbia University Press.

[OU-4] Océano Uno, Diccionario Enciclopédico y Atlas Mundial, "Continente", page 392, 1730. ISBN 84-494-0188-7

[LCC-5] Los Cinco Continentes (The Five Continents), Planeta-De Agostini Editions, 1997. ISBN 84-395-6054-0

[HEL-6] 6.0 ^6.1 ^6.2 [1] Older/previous official Greek Paedagogical Institute 6th grade Geography textbook (at the Wayback Machine), 5+1 continents combined-America model; Pankosmios Enyklopaidikos Atlas, CIL Hellas Publications, ISBN 84-407-0470-4, page 30, 5+1 combined-America continents model; Neos Eikonographemenos Geographikos Atlas, Siola-Alexiou, 6 continents combined-America model; Lexico tes Hellenikes Glossas, Papyros Publications, ISBN 978-960-6715-47-1, lemma continent (epeiros), 5 continents model; Lexico Triantaphyllide online dictionary , Greek Language Center (Kentro Hellenikes Glossas), lemma continent (epeiros), 6 continents combined-America model; Lexico tes Neas Hellenikes Glossas, G.Babiniotes, Kentro Lexikologias (Legicology Center) LTD Publications , ISBN 960-86190-1-7, lemma continent (epeiros), 6 continents combined-America model

[EB-7] 7.0 ^7.1 "Continent". Encyclopædia Britannica. 2006. Chicago: Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.

[NatlGeo2-8] World, National Geographic - Xpeditions Atlas. 2006. Washington, DC: National Geographic Society.

[AoCA-9] 9.0 ^9.1 The World - Continents, Atlas of Canada

[Oxford1-10] The New Oxford Dictionary of English. 2001. New York: Oxford University Press.

[Encarta-11] "Continent". MSN Encarta Online Encyclopedia 2006.. 2009-10-31.

[Oxford2-12] "Continent". McArthur, Tom, ed. 1992. The Oxford Companion to the English Language. New York: Oxford University Press; p. 260.

[13] "F-10 Curriculum Geograph". Australian Curriculum, Assessment, and Reporting Authority. Archived from the original on 2014-03-24. Retrieved 2015-11-14.

[14] "National curriculum in England: geography programmes of study". UK Department for Education.

[15] "Real Academia Española". Lema.rae.es. Retrieved 2013-09-30.

[16] "Preamble" (PDF). Olympic Charter. International Olympic Committee. 8 December 2014. p. 10. Retrieved 7 August 2015. the five interlaced rings, which represent the union of the five continents

[17] "Total Population – Both Sexes". World Population Prospects, the 2010 Revision. United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs. 28 June 2011. Retrieved 24 October 2011. (Per linked individual article definitions, North America includes UN population estimates for North America, Central America and Caribbean; Australia includes Australia and Papua New Guinea.)

[18] Non-permanent, varies. See also: Demographics of Antarctica. Antarctica. CIA World Factbook. March 2011 data. Retrieved December 24, 2011.

[Индикаторы_рынка_недвижимости-19] "Forbes проигнорировал Москву". www.irn.ru.

[20] Plummer, Joel. Jakobshavn Bed Elevation, Center for the Remote Sensing of the Ice Sheets, Dept of Geography, University of Kansas.

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