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Henry E Young, PhD

Mercer University, Division of Basic Medical Sciences, Emeritus

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Henry E. Young PhD received a BS in Biology in 1974 from Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
Supervisors: Dr Abbott S. Gaunt, 1972-1974, Dr. Claudia F. Bailey, 1974-1977, Dr. Perry M. Johnston, 1974-1977, Dr. Bernell K. Dalley, 1977-1983, Dr. Roger R. Markwald, 1977-1983, Dr. Arnold I. Caplan, 1983-1987, and Dr. James Kimura, 1987-1988

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Papers by Henry E Young, PhD

Issue 2 | 1 of 8 Stem Cells Regen Med

Age-Related Macular Degeneration Treated with Autologous Telomerase- Positive Totipotent Stem Cells Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine

Issue 2 | 1 of 11 Stem Cells Regen Med

Chief Science Officer, Dragonfly Foundation for Research & Development, 101 Preston Ct

Issue 2 | 1 of 14 Stem Cells Regen Med

Issue 2 | 1 of 5

Issue 3 | 1 of 11 Stem Cells Regen Med

Primitive Stem Cells in Adult Human Peripheral Blood

Adult Stem Cells: From Bench-Top to Bedside

Issue 3 | 1 of 8 J Stem Cell Res, 2017 to Bedside

Issue 2 | 1 of 3 J Stem Cell Res, 2017 Marrow of the Adult Rat

Histol Histopath 20 769-

Adult Stem Cells: From Bench-Top to Bedside

Histol Histopath 20 769-

Donor Selection is a Critical Component Using Naïve Endogenous Adult Stem Cells for the Treatment of Chronic Diseases and Traumatic Injuries

by Athenaeum Scientific Publishers | Open Access Journals | Research Journals and Henry E Young, PhD

Journal of Regenerative Medicine & Biology Research, 2020

Naïve adult endogenous stem cell transplants have been used as a substitute for embryonic stem ce... more Naïve adult endogenous stem cell transplants have been used as a substitute for embryonic stem cells and/or induced pluripotent stem cells for treating individuals with autoimmune, cardiovascular, neurological, orthopedic, pulmonary, renal and systemic chronic diseases and traumatic injuries. This is primarily due to the absence of moral and ethical issues, absence of teratoma formation when transplanting stem cells in the naïve state, readily available populations of stem cells and ease of stem cell isolation for transplant. While a majority of the ongoing clinical trials utilize autologous naive adult endogenous stem cells for treating the individual with their own stem cells, other trials have utilized similar types of allogenic stem cells from donors for the treatment of chronic diseases. For allogeneic naïve endogenous adult stem cells to be utilized for transplant, the donor stem cells should be screened to prevent the

Telomerase-Positive Stem Cells in Adult Porcine and Adult Rat Spleens I. Totipotent Stem Cells

by Athenaeum Scientific Publishers | Open Access Journals | Research Journals and Henry E Young, PhD

Journal of Regenerative Medicine & Biology Research, 2020

Previous studies have reported the presence of endogenous undifferentiated totipotent stem cells ... more Previous studies have reported the presence of endogenous undifferentiated totipotent stem cells within the organs and tissues of various animal species, including the spleen. Since one major function of the spleen is to filter out damaged red blood cells, we wanted to ascertain whether totipotent stem cells existed as a potentially transient circulating population solely within the vasculature and sinusoids of the spleen or whether they existed as an endogenous resident population of primitive stem cells throughout the tissues of the spleen, and potentially involved in the repair of the spleen. The spleens from two separate mammalian species were examined, i.e., adult pigs and adult rats. Adult pigs were euthanized following the guidelines of Fort Valley State University’s IACUC. Adult rats were euthanized following the guidelines of Mercer University School of Medicine’s IACUC. The spleens were harvested, fixed, frozen, cryosectioned, and stained with an antibody diagnostic for the endogenous totipotent stem cells, i.e., Carcinoembryonic Antigen-Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 (CEA-CAM-1). CEA-CAM-1 positive stem cells were located within the capsule of the spleen, along the splenic trabeculae, within the red pulp, within the white pulp, along the central arteries and surrounding the penicillar arteries of the spleen in both the adult pig and in the adult rat. These results suggested that the totipotent stem cells are a resident population of stem cells within the splenic tissues. Studies are ongoing to address their functional significance in repair of the spleen.

Local Anesthetics Can Affect the Efficacy of Telomerase-Positive Stem Cells

by Athenaeum Scientific Publishers | Open Access Journals | Research Journals and Henry E Young, PhD

Journal of Regenerative Medicine & Biology Research, 2020

Early clinical studies with telomerase-positive stem cells demonstrated no response when these st... more Early clinical studies with telomerase-positive stem cells demonstrated no response when these stem cells were mixed with lidocaine prior to clinical treatments in multiple individuals. Their stem cells demonstrated a positive response when mixed with normal sterile saline utilizing alternative routes of implantation. We hypothesized that lidocaine killed the stem cells before injection and that dead stem cells would give no response. We tested five local anesthetics, e.g., bupivacaine, lidocaine, marcaine, novocaine and procaine, with sterile saline in a series of blinded experiments to determine their ability to affect the viability of telomerase-positive stem cells. A mixture of TSCs, PSCs and MesoSCs were utilized from five individuals, three males and two females. Trypan blue was used to distinguish live versus dead PSCs and MesoSCs. The number of dead cells divided by total number of cells and multiplied by 100 was used for each test solution to determine their respective % kill ratio. Sample size was n=180 for each test solution. Lidocaine demonstrated a 100% kill ratio; novocaine and procaine demonstrated a 50% kill ratio and marcaine, bupivacaine and sterile saline demonstrated a 0% kill ratio. The

Informed Consent Guidelines for Optimizing the Use of Telomerase-Positive Stem Cells

by Athenaeum Scientific Publishers | Open Access Journals | Research Journals and Henry E Young, PhD

Journal of Regenerative Medicine & Biology Research, 2020

The objectives of the work, based on previous characterization studies, pre-clinical animal model... more The objectives of the work, based on previous characterization studies, pre-clinical animal models of induced diseases, e.g., Parkinson disease, cardiovascular disease, pulmonary disease, and type-I diabetes mellitus, and early clinical human studies of Parkinson disease, cardiovascular disease, and pulmonary diseases, were to established a set of criteria that needed to be followed for using telomerase-positive stem cells in future human clinical trials. From this set of criteria, informed consent guidelines were established to optimize the safety and efficacy of using endogenous adult-derived telomerase-positive stem cells to restore organ function by either repair and/or regeneration of cells and tissues resulting from tissue damage and/or loss. Inclusion criteria were any male or female, 18 to 120 years of age, with preferably no serious comorbidities. Exclusion criteria were use of alcohol, tobacco products, vaping, recreational drugs, lidocaine, and/or chemotherapeutic drugs. We also cautioned use of caffeine and corticosteroids, as well as limiting moderate to strenuous physical activity within a two

Criteria to Distinguish Endogenous Telomerase-Positive Totipotent Stem Cells from Exosomes as Major Players in Regenerative Medicine

by Athenaeum Scientific Publishers | Open Access Journals | Research Journals and Henry E Young, PhD

Journal of Regenerative Medicine & Biology Research, 2020

Endogenous adult-derived Totipotent Stem Cells (TSCs) and tissue-resident exosomes are major play... more Endogenous adult-derived Totipotent Stem Cells (TSCs) and tissue-resident exosomes are major players in the field of regenerative medicine. TSCs provide the undifferentiated building blocks for tissue repair, while exosomes provide the directions on how these building blocks should be used to accomplish this feat, i.e., restoration of fully functional tissue. Both TSCs and exosomes have been extensively characterized with respect to composition and function. While they have similar characteristics in four categories, they differ with respect to each other in a myriad of other categories. The following is criteria used by this lab to distinguish telomerase-positive totipotent stem cells from bioactive factor-containing exosomes.

Adult Reserve Stem Cells and Their Potential for Tissue Engineering

by Henry E Young, PhD and Robert Bray

Cell Biochemistry and Biophysics, 2004

Issue 2 | 1 of 8 Stem Cells Regen Med

Age-Related Macular Degeneration Treated with Autologous Telomerase- Positive Totipotent Stem Cells Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine

Issue 2 | 1 of 11 Stem Cells Regen Med

Chief Science Officer, Dragonfly Foundation for Research & Development, 101 Preston Ct

Issue 2 | 1 of 14 Stem Cells Regen Med

Issue 2 | 1 of 5

Issue 3 | 1 of 11 Stem Cells Regen Med

Primitive Stem Cells in Adult Human Peripheral Blood

Adult Stem Cells: From Bench-Top to Bedside

Issue 3 | 1 of 8 J Stem Cell Res, 2017 to Bedside

Issue 2 | 1 of 3 J Stem Cell Res, 2017 Marrow of the Adult Rat

Histol Histopath 20 769-

Adult Stem Cells: From Bench-Top to Bedside

Histol Histopath 20 769-

Donor Selection is a Critical Component Using Naïve Endogenous Adult Stem Cells for the Treatment of Chronic Diseases and Traumatic Injuries

by Athenaeum Scientific Publishers | Open Access Journals | Research Journals and Henry E Young, PhD

Journal of Regenerative Medicine & Biology Research, 2020

Naïve adult endogenous stem cell transplants have been used as a substitute for embryonic stem ce... more Naïve adult endogenous stem cell transplants have been used as a substitute for embryonic stem cells and/or induced pluripotent stem cells for treating individuals with autoimmune, cardiovascular, neurological, orthopedic, pulmonary, renal and systemic chronic diseases and traumatic injuries. This is primarily due to the absence of moral and ethical issues, absence of teratoma formation when transplanting stem cells in the naïve state, readily available populations of stem cells and ease of stem cell isolation for transplant. While a majority of the ongoing clinical trials utilize autologous naive adult endogenous stem cells for treating the individual with their own stem cells, other trials have utilized similar types of allogenic stem cells from donors for the treatment of chronic diseases. For allogeneic naïve endogenous adult stem cells to be utilized for transplant, the donor stem cells should be screened to prevent the

Telomerase-Positive Stem Cells in Adult Porcine and Adult Rat Spleens I. Totipotent Stem Cells

by Athenaeum Scientific Publishers | Open Access Journals | Research Journals and Henry E Young, PhD

Journal of Regenerative Medicine & Biology Research, 2020

Previous studies have reported the presence of endogenous undifferentiated totipotent stem cells ... more Previous studies have reported the presence of endogenous undifferentiated totipotent stem cells within the organs and tissues of various animal species, including the spleen. Since one major function of the spleen is to filter out damaged red blood cells, we wanted to ascertain whether totipotent stem cells existed as a potentially transient circulating population solely within the vasculature and sinusoids of the spleen or whether they existed as an endogenous resident population of primitive stem cells throughout the tissues of the spleen, and potentially involved in the repair of the spleen. The spleens from two separate mammalian species were examined, i.e., adult pigs and adult rats. Adult pigs were euthanized following the guidelines of Fort Valley State University’s IACUC. Adult rats were euthanized following the guidelines of Mercer University School of Medicine’s IACUC. The spleens were harvested, fixed, frozen, cryosectioned, and stained with an antibody diagnostic for the endogenous totipotent stem cells, i.e., Carcinoembryonic Antigen-Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 (CEA-CAM-1). CEA-CAM-1 positive stem cells were located within the capsule of the spleen, along the splenic trabeculae, within the red pulp, within the white pulp, along the central arteries and surrounding the penicillar arteries of the spleen in both the adult pig and in the adult rat. These results suggested that the totipotent stem cells are a resident population of stem cells within the splenic tissues. Studies are ongoing to address their functional significance in repair of the spleen.

Local Anesthetics Can Affect the Efficacy of Telomerase-Positive Stem Cells

by Athenaeum Scientific Publishers | Open Access Journals | Research Journals and Henry E Young, PhD

Journal of Regenerative Medicine & Biology Research, 2020

Early clinical studies with telomerase-positive stem cells demonstrated no response when these st... more Early clinical studies with telomerase-positive stem cells demonstrated no response when these stem cells were mixed with lidocaine prior to clinical treatments in multiple individuals. Their stem cells demonstrated a positive response when mixed with normal sterile saline utilizing alternative routes of implantation. We hypothesized that lidocaine killed the stem cells before injection and that dead stem cells would give no response. We tested five local anesthetics, e.g., bupivacaine, lidocaine, marcaine, novocaine and procaine, with sterile saline in a series of blinded experiments to determine their ability to affect the viability of telomerase-positive stem cells. A mixture of TSCs, PSCs and MesoSCs were utilized from five individuals, three males and two females. Trypan blue was used to distinguish live versus dead PSCs and MesoSCs. The number of dead cells divided by total number of cells and multiplied by 100 was used for each test solution to determine their respective % kill ratio. Sample size was n=180 for each test solution. Lidocaine demonstrated a 100% kill ratio; novocaine and procaine demonstrated a 50% kill ratio and marcaine, bupivacaine and sterile saline demonstrated a 0% kill ratio. The

Informed Consent Guidelines for Optimizing the Use of Telomerase-Positive Stem Cells

by Athenaeum Scientific Publishers | Open Access Journals | Research Journals and Henry E Young, PhD

Journal of Regenerative Medicine & Biology Research, 2020

The objectives of the work, based on previous characterization studies, pre-clinical animal model... more The objectives of the work, based on previous characterization studies, pre-clinical animal models of induced diseases, e.g., Parkinson disease, cardiovascular disease, pulmonary disease, and type-I diabetes mellitus, and early clinical human studies of Parkinson disease, cardiovascular disease, and pulmonary diseases, were to established a set of criteria that needed to be followed for using telomerase-positive stem cells in future human clinical trials. From this set of criteria, informed consent guidelines were established to optimize the safety and efficacy of using endogenous adult-derived telomerase-positive stem cells to restore organ function by either repair and/or regeneration of cells and tissues resulting from tissue damage and/or loss. Inclusion criteria were any male or female, 18 to 120 years of age, with preferably no serious comorbidities. Exclusion criteria were use of alcohol, tobacco products, vaping, recreational drugs, lidocaine, and/or chemotherapeutic drugs. We also cautioned use of caffeine and corticosteroids, as well as limiting moderate to strenuous physical activity within a two

Criteria to Distinguish Endogenous Telomerase-Positive Totipotent Stem Cells from Exosomes as Major Players in Regenerative Medicine

by Athenaeum Scientific Publishers | Open Access Journals | Research Journals and Henry E Young, PhD

Journal of Regenerative Medicine & Biology Research, 2020

Endogenous adult-derived Totipotent Stem Cells (TSCs) and tissue-resident exosomes are major play... more Endogenous adult-derived Totipotent Stem Cells (TSCs) and tissue-resident exosomes are major players in the field of regenerative medicine. TSCs provide the undifferentiated building blocks for tissue repair, while exosomes provide the directions on how these building blocks should be used to accomplish this feat, i.e., restoration of fully functional tissue. Both TSCs and exosomes have been extensively characterized with respect to composition and function. While they have similar characteristics in four categories, they differ with respect to each other in a myriad of other categories. The following is criteria used by this lab to distinguish telomerase-positive totipotent stem cells from bioactive factor-containing exosomes.

Adult Reserve Stem Cells and Their Potential for Tissue Engineering

by Henry E Young, PhD and Robert Bray

Cell Biochemistry and Biophysics, 2004