Varanasi

Vārāṇasī^[1] (ita Sanscrite: वाराणसी) sed vulgo बनारस Banārasa^[2] et interdum काशी Kāśī, est urbs ad laevam sive occidentalem Gangis fluminis ripam in civitate Uttar Pradesh Indiae, ab Hinduibus, Buddhistis, Iainisque sancta habita, una ex veterrimarum mundi continenter incultarum urbium.^[3]

Cultura Varanasorum cum Gange religiosoque fluminis pondere arte coniungitur. Urbs sedes culturae et religionis in India septentrionali nonnulla milia annorum est. Multi insignes philosophi, poetae, scriptores, et musici Indici Varanasis habitabant vel habitant, inter quos Kabir, Ravi Das, Munshi Premchand, Jaishankar Prasad, Acharya Ram Chandra Shukla, Pandit Ravi Shankar, Girija Devi, Hariprasad Chaurasia, Ustad Bismillah Khan. Tulsidas suas Ramacharitamanas ibi scripsit, et Gautama Buddha suam primam contionem in loco Sarnath prope Kasos habuit. Ayurveda Varanasis orta fuisse dicitur.

Mark Twain, scriptor Americanus, scripsit: "Benares est historiá grandior, memoriá grandior, etiam fabulá grandior, et bis grandis quam omnes coniunctim videtur."^[4]

Historia

Secundum fabula, urbs a Domino Shiva, deo Hinduano, condita est abhinc circa annos 5000.^[5]

Cultura

Urbs Sacra

Varanasi a multis habetur sanctissima in Hinduismo urbs, una ex sacrissimis peregrinationis locis Hinduibus omnium sectarum, et una ex quattuor locorum peregrinationis a Gautama Buddha ipso designatorum (alii sunt Bodh Gaya, Kushinagara, Lumbini). Plusquam 1 000 000 peregrinatores urbem quotannis visitant. Hic sunt sacraria Domini Kashi Vishwanathae (demonstrationis Domini Shivae) et unius duodecim Domini Shivae Iotirlingarum venerabilium.

Prope Varanasos patet Sarnatha, locus reservationis cervorum ubi Buddha primam contionem de principiis Buddhismi habuit. Stupa Dhameka est una ex paucarum stuparum ante Ashokam quae iam patet, quamquam solum fundamenta exstant.

In cultura populare

In Rigveda, urbs nominatur Kasi vel Kashi 'Lucidus'.

Vanarasi commemoratus est in:

Banaras - A Mystic Love Story (2006), pellicula de historia urbis
"Benares Song" in opera Rise and Fall of the City of Mahagonny, a Kurt Weill composita
"Varanasi Space Station," carmine a Waterjuice in CD World Fusion

Multi Hindua, Varanasos esse 'Medium Universum Rerum' putantes, eum "Caput Omnium Banaras" appellant.

Nexus interni

Notae

↑ "Dioecesis Varanasiensis" e The Hierarchy of the Catholic Church (situs a Davide M. Cheney elaboratus) (Anglice); cf. etiam nomina biologica e.g. Sympodiophora varanasiensis
↑ Cf. nomina biologica e.g. Paradistomum banarasensis
↑ http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9074835/Varanasi, "Varanasi," Encyclopædia Britannica Online (inventum 6 Martii 2008).
↑ Mark Twain, Following the Equator: A journey around the world, Hartford, Connecticut: American Publishing Company, 1897, ISBN 0-404-01577-8), caput 50; https://web.archive.org/web/20080228225229/http://www.literaturecollection.com/a/twain/following-equator/ (inventum 7 Februarii 2007)
↑ Richard Lannoy, Benares Seen from Within (University of Washington Press, 1999, ISBN 0-295-97835-X).

Bibliographia

"Benares" in Encyclopaedia Britannica. 11a ed. (Sicagi, 1911) html djvu
"Benares (Varanasi)" in Walter Hamilton, The East India Gazetteer (Londinii: Murray, 1815) textus
"Benares^{[nexus deficit]}" in H. Yule, A. C. Burnell; Gulielmus Crooke, ed., Hobson-Jobson. 2a ed. (Londinii: Murray, 1903) ~ ~
"Benares Division; Benares District; Benares Tahsil; Benares Estate; Benares city" in William Stevenson Meyer et al., The Imperial Gazetteer of India (2a ed. 26 voll. Oxonii: Clarendon Press, 1908-1931) textus
"Route 4. Benares" in A Handbook for Travellers in India, Burma, and Ceylon (8a ed. Londinii: John Murray, 1911) Textus

Nexus externi

Situs geographici et historici: Locus: 25°19′8″N 83°0′46″E • OpenStreetMap • GeoNames • Pleiades • Store norske Lexikon • Treccani • Большая российская энциклопедия

Situs publicus Pagi et Urbis Varanasorum, varanasi.nic.in
Perigrinatoris blog de Varanasis,^{[nexus deficit]} blogs.wanderingscapes.com (WanderingScapes)
Pinacotheca photographiarum de Varanasis, www.india-picture.net
Pinacotheca, www.manuelolivares.it
Varanasi Art, Sculpture and culture Photo Exhibition, www.vishwakala.org

Indiae urbes milies milium incolarum

Agra • Amedebatum • Amritsar • Aurangabad • Bengalurus • Bhopala • Calcutta • Coimbatore • Dellium • Dhanbad • Faridabad • Ghaziabad • Gualeorum • Haora • Hyderabadum • Iaipura • Indore • Jabalpur • Jodhpur • Kalyan-Dombivli • Kanpur • Kota • Lakhnau • Ludhiana • Maderaspatanum • Madura • Merath • Mumbai • Nagpur • Nashik • Navi Mumbai • Patna • Pimpri-Chinchwad • Prayagraj • Pune • Rajkot • Ranchi • Raipur • Srinagar • Surata • Thane • Vadodara • Visakhapatnam • Varanasi • Vasai-Virar • Vijayawada

Opus geopoliticum • Maximae urbes orbis terrarum

Capsae cognatae: Urbes Asiae capitales • Urbes Asiae maximae (urbibus Indicis et Sinicis exceptis) • Urbes Sericae maximae

[1] "Dioecesis Varanasiensis" e The Hierarchy of the Catholic Church (situs a Davide M. Cheney elaboratus) (Anglice); cf. etiam nomina biologica e.g. Sympodiophora varanasiensis

[2] Cf. nomina biologica e.g. Paradistomum banarasensis

[3] ttp://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9074835/Varanasi, "Varanasi," Encyclopædia Britannica Online (inventum 6 Martii 2008).

[4] Mark Twain, Following the Equator: A journey around the world, Hartford, Connecticut: American Publishing Company, 1897, ISBN 0-404-01577-8), caput 50; https://web.archive.org/web/20080228225229/http://www.literaturecollection.com/a/twain/following-equator/ (inventum 7 Februarii 2007)

[5] Richard Lannoy, Benares Seen from Within (University of Washington Press, 1999, ISBN 0-295-97835-X).

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