Iulius Nyerere

Iulius Kambarage Nyerere (13 Aprilis 1922–14 Octobris 1999) fuit politicae peritus Tanzanianus qui munere primi Praesidis Tanzaniae et olim Tanganyikae perfunctus est, ex civitate condita anno 1961 donec se a magistratu anno 1985 abdicaret.

Nyerere, in Tanganyika patri Nyerere Burito (1860–1942) Principi Zanakiorum natus, Mwalimu ('magister') nomine Suahili appellabatur, quia magister fuerat antequam politicus factus est. Etiam appellabatur Baba wa Taifa ('Pater Civitatis'). Nyerere in Universitate Makerere Kampalae et Universitate Academica Edinburgensi eruditus est. Tanganyikam reditus, in schola docuit. Anno 1954, Coniunctionem Nationalem Africanam Tanganyikanam (TANU) creare adiuvit.

Libertate anno 1961 a Tanganyika capessita, Nyerere electus est primus novae civitatis primus minister, atque anno 1962, republica declarata, primus reipublicae praeses. Anno 1964, Tanganyika se in una dicione cum Zanzibara coniunxit, Tanzania appellata. Anno 1965, suffragia unius factionis Nyerere in potestatem praesidentialem tulit. Primos annos, Nyerere systema unius factionis creavit ac "detentione praecavente" ad prohibendas collegia opificum factionesque opponentes usus est.

Nyerere Declarationem Arushanam edixit, quae ujamaa descripsit, consilium socialisticum, quod deinde in suis rationibus reipublicae gerendae dominatum est. Hae rationes oeconomiam corruentem, systematicam corruptionem politicam, et bona haud in medium prolata effecerunt. Decennio 198 ineunte, Nyerere iussit ut suae copiae incolumitatis permultos cives ad fundos conlectos vi commoverent, et ob recusationes vicanorum vicos comburerent. Conatus autem ad societatem perficiendam populum paene ad extremam famem pepulit.

Anno 1985, post plus quam duo decennia summus reipublicae magistratus, potestatem successori reliquit quem ipse elegerat. Quo facto, Tanzania visa est una ex pauperrimis, minime evolutis, maximeque obnoxiis civitatibus in orbe terrarum, quamquam multum progressús in officiis sicut salus et educatio videri potuit.^[1] Dux mansit factionis Chama cha Mapinduzi. Leuchaemia Londinii obiit anno 1999.

Nexus interni

Pundamilia nyerere

Notae

↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20121030090905/http://www.policyforum-tz.org/files/LeeKyongKoo.pdf

Bibliographia

Adi, Hakim; Sherwood, Marika (2003). "Julius Kambarage Nyerere". Pan-African History: Political Figures from Africa and the Diaspora Since 1787. Routledge. p. 147. ISBN 0-203-41780-1
The Crisis (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People): 35, 1996
Blumberg, Arnold (1995). Great Leaders, Great Tyrants?: Contemporary Views of World Rulers who Made History. Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. 221–222. ISBN 0-313-28751-1
Cawthra, Gavin; Du Pisani, André; Omari, Abillah H. (2007). Security and Democracy in Southern Africa. IDRC. pp. 143. ISBN 1-86814-453-4.
Clagett Taylor, James (1963). The political development of Tanganyika. Stanford University Press. pp. 95. ISBN 0-8047-0147-4
Cross, Colin (1969). The fall of the British Empire, 1918–1968. Coward-McCann. pp. 306
Hopkins, Raymond F. (1971). Political Roles In A New State: Tanzania's First Decade. Yale University Press. pp. 204. ISBN 0-300-01410-4
Kantowicz, Edward R. (2000). Coming Apart, Coming Together. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. pp. 258. ISBN 0-8028-4456-1
Kaufman, Michael T. (15 Octobris 1999), "Julius Nyerere of Tanzania Dies; Preached African Socialism to the World", The New York Times
Lawrence, David (2009). Tanzania: The Land, Its People and Contemporary Life. Godfrey Mwakikagile. pp. 58. ISBN 9987-9308-3-2
Kangsen, Muna (13 Aprilis 2007), "Happy Birthday Mwalimu", Daily News (Daily News Media Group)
"Julius Nyerere". Encyclopædia Britannica's Guide to Black History. Encyclopædia Britannica Inc
Leonard, Thomas M. (2006). Encyclopedia of the Developing World, Volume 1. Taylor & Francis. pp. 1402. ISBN 0-415-97662-6
"Historical Note of the National University of Lesotho", National University of Lesotho
Keregero, Keregero (14 Octobris 2005), "Mwalimu Julius Nyerere on Socialism", The Guardian (IPP Media)
Lemelle, Sidney J. (2006). "'Ni wapi Tunakwenda': Hip Hop Culture and the Children of Arusha". In Dipannita, Basu; Sidney J., Lemelle. The vinyl ain't final: hip hop and the globalization of black popular culture. Pluto Press. pp. 230–254. ISBN 0-7453-1940-8
Marshall, Julian (15 Octobris 1999), "Julius Nyerere", The Guardian (Guardian Media Group)
Meredith, Martin (2006). The fate of Africa: from the hopes of freedom to the heart of despair : a history of fifty years of independence. Public Affairs. ISBN 1-58648-398-6
Mwakikagile, Godfrey (2006). Tanzania Under Mwalimu Nyerere: Reflections on an African Statesman. Godfrey Mwakikagile. pp. 21. ISBN 0-9802534-9-7
Mwakikagile, Godfrey (2006). Nyerere and Africa: End of an Era. Godfrey Mwakikagile. pp. 575. ISBN 0-9802534-1-1
Mwakikagile, Godfrey. Life under Nyerere. New Africa Press. ISBN 978-0-9802587-2-1.
Simon, David (2006). Fifty key thinkers on development. Taylor & Francis. pp. 193. ISBN 0-415-33790-9
Smith, Mark K. 1998. "Julius Nyerere, lifelong learning and informal education." The Encyclopaedia of Informal Education.
van Dijk, Ruud (2008). Encyclopedia of the Cold War, Volume 1. Taylor & Francis. pp. 880. ISBN 0-415-97515-8
Yakan, Mohamad A. 1999. Almanac of African Peoples & Nations. Transaction Publishers. ISBN 1-56000-433-9.
Mwalimu Julius Kambarage Nyerere, http://www.tanemb.se/ (Embassy of Tanzania, Sueciae)
Former Presidents: Mwalimu Julius Kambarage Nyerere, Tanzania State House

Nexus externi

Vicimedia Communia plura habent quae ad Iulium Nyerere spectant.

Lexica biographica: Gran Enciclopèdia Catalana • Den store danske • Deutsche Biographie • Treccani • Store norske leksikon • Большая российская энциклопедия • • Black Past

Vita et scripta Nyerere apud Nyerere Centre for Peace Research] (Anglice)
Biographia apud Marxists Internet Archive (Anglice)
Biographia apud South African History Online (Anglice)
Colloquium de Nyerere apud Vatican News (Anglice)

Praesides Tanzaniae


Iulius Nyerere 1962/1965 • Ali Hasanus Mwinyi 1985 • Beniaminus Mkapa 1995 • Jakaya Kikwete 2005 • Ioannes Magufuli 2015 • Samia Suluhu Hassan 2021 Opus geopoliticum • Duces civitatum Africanarum hodiernarum Capsae cognatae: Primi ministri Tanzaniae • Ministri rerum externarum Tanzaniani • Praesides Zanzibarae

Ministri rerum externarum Tanzaniani


Iulius Nyerere 1961 • Anscharius Kambona 1963 • Iulius Nyerere 1965 • Ioannes Malecela 1972 • Abrahamus Mahometus Kaduma 1975 • Beniaminus Mkapa 1977 • Salim Ahmed Salim 1980 • Beniaminus Mkapa 1984 • Ahmed Hassan Diria 1990 • Iosephus Rwegasira 1993 • Jakaya Kikwete 1995 • Asha-Rose Migiro 2006 • Bernardus Membe 2007 • Augustinus Mahiga 2015 • Palamagamba Kabudi 2019 • Liberata Mulamula 2021 • Stergomena Tax 2022 • Ianuarius Makamba 2023 Opus geopoliticum • Ministri a rebus externis civitatum Africanarum hodiernarum Capsae cognatae: Primi ministri Tanzaniae

[1] ttps://web.archive.org/web/20121030090905/http://www.policyforum-tz.org/files/LeeKyongKoo.pdf

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