Diazotrofi

I diazotrofi sono microrganismi che fissano l'azoto gassoso atmosferico in una forma biologicamente più utile come l'ammoniaca.^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6]^[7]^[8]^[9]^[10]^[11]^[12]

Esempi di organismi in grado di compiere questo processo sono Rhizobia, Frankia (in simbiosi), e Azospirillum.
I diazotrofi possono crescere senza fonti esterne di azoto già fissato. Contengono solitamente sistemi con nitrogenasi a ferro-molibdeno.

Due dei sistemi più studiati sono quelli di Klebsiella pneumoniae e Azotobacter vinlandii, utilizzati per la facile crescita e il controllo genetico.^[13]

Note

^ Akshit Puri, Kiran Preet Padda e Chris P Puri, Can a diazotrophic endophyte originally isolated from lodgepole pine colonize an agricultural crop (corn) and promote its growth?, in Soil Biology and Biochemistry, vol. 89, ottobre 2015, pp. 210–216, DOI:10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.07.012.
^ Akshit Puri, Kiran Preet Padda e Chris P Chanway, Evidence of nitrogen fixation and growth promotion in canola (Brassica napus L.) by an endophytic diazotroph Paenibacillus polymyxa P2b-2R, in Biology and Fertility of Soils, vol. 52, n. 1, gennaio 2016, pp. 119–125, DOI:10.1007/s00374-015-1051-y.
^ Akshit Puri, Kiran Preet Padda e Chris P Chanway, Seedling growth promotion and nitrogen fixation by a bacterial endophyte Paenibacillus polymyxa P2b-2R and its GFP derivative in corn in a long-term trial, in Symbiosis, vol. 69, n. 2, giugno 2016, pp. 123–129, DOI:10.1007/s13199-016-0385-z.
^ Kiran Preet Padda, Akshit Puri e Chris P Chanway, Effect of GFP tagging of Paenibacillus polymyxa P2b-2R on its ability to promote growth of canola and tomato seedlings, in Biology and Fertility of Soils, vol. 52, n. 3, aprile 2016, pp. 377–387, DOI:10.1007/s00374-015-1083-3.
^ Kiran Preet Padda, Akshit Puri e Chris P Chanway, Plant growth promotion and nitrogen fixation in canola by an endophytic strain of Paenibacillus polymyxa and its GFP-tagged derivative in a long-term study, in Botany, vol. 94, n. 12, 7 luglio 2016, pp. 1209–1217, DOI:10.1139/cjb-2016-0075.
^ Kiran Preet Padda, Akshit Puri, Qingwei Zeng, Chris P. Chanway e Xiaoqin Wu, Effect of GFP-tagging on nitrogen fixation and plant growth promotion of an endophytic diazotrophic strain of Paenibacillus polymyxa, in Botany, vol. 95, n. 9, 14 luglio 2017, pp. 933–942, DOI:10.1139/cjb-2017-0056, ISSN 1916-2790 (WC · ACNP).
^ Akshit Puri, Kiran Preet Padda e Chris P. Chanway, Evidence of endophytic diazotrophic bacteria in lodgepole pine and hybrid white spruce trees growing in soils with different nutrient statuses in the West Chilcotin region of British Columbia, Canada, in Forest Ecology and Management, vol. 430, 15 dicembre 2018, pp. 558–565, DOI:10.1016/j.foreco.2018.08.049, ISSN 0378-1127 (WC · ACNP).
^ Kiran Preet Padda, Akshit Puri e Chris P. Chanway, Isolation and identification of endophytic diazotrophs from lodgepole pine trees growing at unreclaimed gravel mining pits in central interior British Columbia, Canada, in Canadian Journal of Forest Research, vol. 48, n. 12, 20 settembre 2018, pp. 1601–1606, DOI:10.1139/cjfr-2018-0347, ISSN 0045-5067 (WC · ACNP).
^ Akshit Puri, Kiran Preet Padda e Chris P. Chanway, Can naturally-occurring endophytic nitrogen-fixing bacteria of hybrid white spruce sustain boreal forest tree growth on extremely nutrient-poor soils?, in Soil Biology and Biochemistry, vol. 140, 1º gennaio 2020, pp. 107642, DOI:10.1016/j.soilbio.2019.107642, ISSN 0038-0717 (WC · ACNP).
^ Padda KP, Puri A, Chanway C, Endophytic nitrogen fixation - a possible 'hidden' source of nitrogen for lodgepole pine trees growing at unreclaimed gravel mining sites, in FEMS Microbiology Ecology, vol. 95, n. 11, novembre 2019, DOI:10.1093/femsec/fiz172, PMID 31647534.
^ (EN) Akshit Puri, Kiran Preet Padda e Chris P. Chanway, In vitro and in vivo analyses of plant-growth-promoting potential of bacteria naturally associated with spruce trees growing on nutrient-poor soils, in Applied Soil Ecology, vol. 149, 1º maggio 2020, pp. 103538, DOI:10.1016/j.apsoil.2020.103538, ISSN 0929-1393 (WC · ACNP).
^ Puri A, Padda KP, Chanway CP, Sustaining the growth of Pinaceae trees under nutrient-limited edaphic conditions via plant-beneficial bacteria, in PLOS ONE, vol. 15, n. 8, 26 agosto 2020, pp. e0238055, Bibcode:2020PLoSO..1538055P, DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0238055, PMC 7449467, PMID 32845898.
^ Dixon R, Kahn D, Genetic regulation of biological nitrogen fixation, in Nature Reviews. Microbiology, vol. 2, n. 8, agosto 2004, pp. 621–31, DOI:10.1038/nrmicro954, PMID 15263897.

Portale Microbiologia: accedi alle voci di Wikipedia che trattano di microbiologia

[1] Akshit Puri, Kiran Preet Padda e Chris P Puri, Can a diazotrophic endophyte originally isolated from lodgepole pine colonize an agricultural crop (corn) and promote its growth?, in Soil Biology and Biochemistry, vol. 89, ottobre 2015, pp. 210–216, DOI:10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.07.012.

[2] Akshit Puri, Kiran Preet Padda e Chris P Chanway, Evidence of nitrogen fixation and growth promotion in canola (Brassica napus L.) by an endophytic diazotroph Paenibacillus polymyxa P2b-2R, in Biology and Fertility of Soils, vol. 52, n. 1, gennaio 2016, pp. 119–125, DOI:10.1007/s00374-015-1051-y.

[3] Akshit Puri, Kiran Preet Padda e Chris P Chanway, Seedling growth promotion and nitrogen fixation by a bacterial endophyte Paenibacillus polymyxa P2b-2R and its GFP derivative in corn in a long-term trial, in Symbiosis, vol. 69, n. 2, giugno 2016, pp. 123–129, DOI:10.1007/s13199-016-0385-z.

[4] Kiran Preet Padda, Akshit Puri e Chris P Chanway, Effect of GFP tagging of Paenibacillus polymyxa P2b-2R on its ability to promote growth of canola and tomato seedlings, in Biology and Fertility of Soils, vol. 52, n. 3, aprile 2016, pp. 377–387, DOI:10.1007/s00374-015-1083-3.

[5] Kiran Preet Padda, Akshit Puri e Chris P Chanway, Plant growth promotion and nitrogen fixation in canola by an endophytic strain of Paenibacillus polymyxa and its GFP-tagged derivative in a long-term study, in Botany, vol. 94, n. 12, 7 luglio 2016, pp. 1209–1217, DOI:10.1139/cjb-2016-0075.

[6] Kiran Preet Padda, Akshit Puri, Qingwei Zeng, Chris P. Chanway e Xiaoqin Wu, Effect of GFP-tagging on nitrogen fixation and plant growth promotion of an endophytic diazotrophic strain of Paenibacillus polymyxa, in Botany, vol. 95, n. 9, 14 luglio 2017, pp. 933–942, DOI:10.1139/cjb-2017-0056, ISSN 1916-2790 (WC · ACNP).

[7] Akshit Puri, Kiran Preet Padda e Chris P. Chanway, Evidence of endophytic diazotrophic bacteria in lodgepole pine and hybrid white spruce trees growing in soils with different nutrient statuses in the West Chilcotin region of British Columbia, Canada, in Forest Ecology and Management, vol. 430, 15 dicembre 2018, pp. 558–565, DOI:10.1016/j.foreco.2018.08.049, ISSN 0378-1127 (WC · ACNP).

[8] Kiran Preet Padda, Akshit Puri e Chris P. Chanway, Isolation and identification of endophytic diazotrophs from lodgepole pine trees growing at unreclaimed gravel mining pits in central interior British Columbia, Canada, in Canadian Journal of Forest Research, vol. 48, n. 12, 20 settembre 2018, pp. 1601–1606, DOI:10.1139/cjfr-2018-0347, ISSN 0045-5067 (WC · ACNP).

[9] Akshit Puri, Kiran Preet Padda e Chris P. Chanway, Can naturally-occurring endophytic nitrogen-fixing bacteria of hybrid white spruce sustain boreal forest tree growth on extremely nutrient-poor soils?, in Soil Biology and Biochemistry, vol. 140, 1º gennaio 2020, pp. 107642, DOI:10.1016/j.soilbio.2019.107642, ISSN 0038-0717 (WC · ACNP).

[10] Padda KP, Puri A, Chanway C, Endophytic nitrogen fixation - a possible 'hidden' source of nitrogen for lodgepole pine trees growing at unreclaimed gravel mining sites, in FEMS Microbiology Ecology, vol. 95, n. 11, novembre 2019, DOI:10.1093/femsec/fiz172, PMID 31647534.

[11] (EN) Akshit Puri, Kiran Preet Padda e Chris P. Chanway, In vitro and in vivo analyses of plant-growth-promoting potential of bacteria naturally associated with spruce trees growing on nutrient-poor soils, in Applied Soil Ecology, vol. 149, 1º maggio 2020, pp. 103538, DOI:10.1016/j.apsoil.2020.103538, ISSN 0929-1393 (WC · ACNP).

[12] Puri A, Padda KP, Chanway CP, Sustaining the growth of Pinaceae trees under nutrient-limited edaphic conditions via plant-beneficial bacteria, in PLOS ONE, vol. 15, n. 8, 26 agosto 2020, pp. e0238055, Bibcode:2020PLoSO..1538055P, DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0238055, PMC 7449467, PMID 32845898.

[DK94-13] Dixon R, Kahn D, Genetic regulation of biological nitrogen fixation, in Nature Reviews. Microbiology, vol. 2, n. 8, agosto 2004, pp. 621–31, DOI:10.1038/nrmicro954, PMID 15263897.

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