pingback

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pingback is a legacy XML-RPC based protocol for web sites to notify other web sites when they've posted a link to them (respectively). Pingback is a successor of Trackback and a predecessor of the Webmention protocol.

FAQ

How do I implement receiving

How do I implement receiving pingbacks?

First, don't bother with XML-RPC.
Second, implement receiving webmention instead (easier to implement, easier to send too).
Lastly, for backward compatibility with those that send pingbacks, if you don't already have pingbacks supported(for example, if you are running WordPress which has them built-in), you can use the webmention.io pingback proxy to receive pingbacks on your behalf and pass them along to your server as webmentions.
- Add this pingback discovery link to your post permalink pages:
  
  <link rel="pingback" href="http://webmention.io/webmention?forward=http://example.com/webmention" />
  substituting http://example.com/webmention with the URL to your webmention endpoint that you implemented in step 2.

You're done. Also see webmention.io for more docs.

How do I implement sending

Consider also sending pingbacks purely for backward compatibility with sites that support receiving them but are unlikely to be updated to support webmention.

See this gist for code that can be adapted.
- Don't bother to formally construct XML-RPC structures - XML-RPC is deadend tech.
- Just concatenate the strings you need (as documented in that gist) to generate an XML-RPC response by hand.

How do I test receiving

How do I test receiving pingbacks?

Ask someone in IRC to post a note that links to you and pingbacks your server.
Create a test wordpress.com account and try posting links to your own site on it.
- Note that several creators have experienced unreliable service and lack of useful logs, making wordpress.com less useful as a pingback test implementation (conversation in IRC)
Send a pingback to yourself manually using curl. See this gist for an example

How do I test sending

How do I test sending pingbacks?

Create a page with a link to http://webmention.io and send a pingback to the page. Then check the Webmention.io API to see if your link is listed: http://webmention.io/api/links?target=http%3A%2F%2Fwebmention.io
- I found this to be ambiguous. Send a pingback to your own page that contains a link to webmention.io? Or send a pingback to webmention.io? Either way, that webemention.io API link indicates "This site does not allow public access to its mentions". What I did to test sending was send a pingback to the webmention.io forwarding URL http://webmention.io/webmention?forward=http://example.com/endpoint. This sent back a webmention to my endpoint successfully. So, pending a "real post" test, I can presume pingback sending is working. — gRegor 08:16, 6 February 2014 (PST)

Problems

Poor display

Pingback (the specification) is very vague and somewhat contradictory about displaying pingbacks. It says things like:

"include this information on her site"
- could mean the link, the comment post, a portion thereof?
"Bob's blogging system then includes a link back to Alice's post on his original post."
- implying that perhaps only links show-up from pingbacks
"Reader's [sic] of Bob's article can follow this link to Alice's post to read her opinion."
- implying that readers can't see Alice's opinion on Bob's article, and have to follow the link to Alice's post to read it. seems a bit inconvenient, and not how comment presentation works on typical blogs, or silo posts.
the "Conformance Requirements" do not mention any requirement for displaying pingback links or content therefrom on the original post
in the "Example", it says:
"Bob's blog also retrieves other data required from the content of Alice's new post, such as the page title, an extract of the page content surrounding the link to Bob's post, any attributes indicating which language the page is in, and so forth.
"Finally, Bob's post records the pingback in its database, and regenerates the static pages referring to Bob's post so that they mention the pingback."
emphasis added.
- This is vague but provides some additional display guidance which is unfortunately not very well thought out and leaves much to be desired:
  - page title - this is odd as typical comments displayed on post pages don't have titles, just comment text.
  - extract of the page content surrounding the link - in practice this is unreadable and unfriendly. It doesn't look at all like a comment and usually has both leading and trailing ellipses making you wonder what the broader context of the comment is.
  - which language the page is in - this could be useful for marking up the display of the comment with a lang attribute, and the link to the comment permalink with the hreflang attribute.

In practice:

Pingback displays are nearly always useless, e.g.

https://blog.mozilla.org/blog/2013/04/10/gearing-up-for-the-next-chapter/

Problems demonstrated:

"Pingback from" is jargon - provides no value to the user - only noise
the title of the comment blog post is useless as it provides a summary of the original blog post
the [...] ... [...] summary text is nearly unreadable without more context, and doesn't even show what phrase linked to the original blog post
- in the first pingback, even just including the entire first paragraph of the comment post would have been better.And if it wasn't a reply then it should just be a list of related articles (date, author, linked post name, all marked up with h-cite), rather than including cryptic broken summaries.
the overall visual design is very dated and has fallen behind modern comment presentation designs

Spam

WordPress is perhaps the top target of Pingback spam. So much so that Akismet is about to shut off (or has already?) pingbacks. As cited above:

http://piedtype.com/2013/05/21/spammers-use-trackbacks-pingbacks-and-reblogs/

spam blog plagiarisms

Summary: There are spamblogs that simply plagiarize popular tech publications (WIRED, TechCrunch, etc.) and then send pingbacks to all the links therein. It's a real world problem that's already affecting us because the spambacks show up in IRC via Loqi.

Spammers install WordPress, then simply plagiarize (sometimes they reblog and link/attribute) others' blogposts with links and send pingbacks to all the links.

We've seen it happen in the IRC channel when spammers plagiarized the WIRED article to their own WordPress blogs and we started to see pingback spam from them (sadly the WIRED article itself didn't send pingbacks).

Note that when spammers can easily install a WordPress plugin for webmention, this same problem will start to occur on sites that accept webmentions.

DDOS

Main article: DDOS

There is a known DDOS attack that uses servers with Pingback endpoints as part of the DDOS. See DDOS for more details.

Projects

https://github.com/aaronpk/webmention.io - webmention.io open source to run as a standalone process that can receive pingbacks (as well as webmentions) on your behalf (was https://github.com/aaronpk/Pingback)

History

A brief history of pingback:

Main article: timeline

2002-07-07 (C): Pingback concept described (but not yet named) as "automatic trackback" by Stuart Langridge[1] - first automatic way to let someone know that you linked to their site.
2002-09-02 (T): Pingback term introduced by Stuart Langridge[2]
2002-09-02 (I): Pingback first implemented by Simon Willison ([3] - presumed UK timestamp). Additional source: @t conversation with Simon in Brighton, UK 2013-09-07), second implementation by Stuart Langridge[4] (presumed US/CA timestamp).
2002-09-04 (S): Pingback first specified by Stuart Langridge[5]
2002-09-23 (S): Pingback 1.0 spec published by Ian Hickson[6][7][8]

...

2003(?) Pingback spam takes off (needs sources)

FAQ