Martine Jozan

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Shomen Mukherjee

Ahmedabad University

Anna Santiago

University of the Philippines Manila

Remil Galay

University of the Philippines Los Baños

Muhammad Zaman

University Of Veterinary And Animal Sciences Lahore

Robert Novak

University of South Florida

David Bruce Conn

Berry College

Masimalai Palaniyandi

Tripura University

Tilak Chandra Nath

Sylhet Agricultural University

Marc Desquesnes

Kasetsart University

Alexandre Marques

UFMG - The Federal University of Minas Gerais

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Papers by Martine Jozan

Antibody prevalence of St. Louis encephalitis virus in avian hosts in Los Angeles, California, 1986

Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association, 1988

A study was conducted to determine the pattern of St. Louis encephalitis (SLE) virus activity in ... more A study was conducted to determine the pattern of St. Louis encephalitis (SLE) virus activity in the avian populations of the Los Angeles metropolitan area in 1986. In total, 679 birds of 42 species were captured at 7 study sites. The overall prevalence of SLE neutralizing (N) antibody of 3% indicated enzootic transmission. Antibody prevalences were higher in birds sampled in the central part of the metropolitan area, which was consistent with other epidemiologic data. The use of specific avian species as sentinels for future surveillance of SLE virus activity was suggested.

Ecological aspects of California encephalitis viruses in the arid west

Progress in clinical and biological research, 1983

Detection of St. Louis encephalitis virus antigen in mosquitoes by capture enzyme immunoassay

by Martine Jozan and John Roehrig

Journal of clinical microbiology, 1987

Surveillance methods that measure St. Louis encephalitis (SLE) virus activity in nature may provi... more Surveillance methods that measure St. Louis encephalitis (SLE) virus activity in nature may provide forewarning of its epidemic occurrence in humans. An antigen capture enzyme immunoassay was developed to detect SLE virus in infected mosquitoes. The assay detected purified SLE viral antigen at a concentration of 62 pg/0.1 ml when antigen was incubated overnight; 250 pg/0.1 ml was detected in a single-day assay (antigen incubated for 3 h). The assay detected 67.9 and 70.8% of laboratory-prepared pools of infected mosquitoes after 3 h and overnight incubation, respectively. The sensitivity of the procedure was 90.5% in identifying pools with infectious titers greater than dex 3.0. The specificity of the assay was controlled by retesting positive pools preincubated with SLE virus and normal antibodies, which led to a diminution of signal in the pools containing viral antigen. The procedure was suitably specific in discriminating between SLE and related flaviviruses, detecting only high...

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Surveillance for West Nile Virus in Wild Birds from Northern Europe

by Martine Jozan and Maria Wahlström

Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases, 2011

A total of 1935 migratory birds from 104 different species were captured in southeastern Sweden i... more A total of 1935 migratory birds from 104 different species were captured in southeastern Sweden in 2005-2006 and tested for antibodies against West Nile virus (WNV). Overall, 46 birds (2.4%; binomial confidence limits, 1.8-3.2) were positive by blocking-ELISA, but only 2 (0.10%; binomial confidence limits, 0.0-0.4) had antibodies detectable by both blocking-ELISA and WNV neutralization test. ELISA-positive birds included long- and short-distance migrants likely exposed to WNV while wintering in or migrating through areas enzootic for WNV. Exposure to a cross-reactive Flavivirus was suspected for short-distance migrants of the Turdidae family, but no cross-neutralization with tick-borne encephalitis and Usutu viruses was observed.

Role of Peridomestic Birds in the Transmission of St. Louis Encephalitis Virus in Southern California

Journal of Wildlife Diseases, 2000

In response to the 1984 St. Louis encephalitis (SLE) epidemic in the Los Angeles Basin of souther... more In response to the 1984 St. Louis encephalitis (SLE) epidemic in the Los Angeles Basin of southern California (USA), an investigative program was initiated to evaluate the interactive components of the SLE virus transmission cycle. From 1987 through 1996 (10 yr), 52,589 birds were bled and their sera tested for SLE and western equine encephalomyelitis (WEE) virus antibodies by the hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) test. Eighty-three percent of the birds tested were house finches (Carpodacus mexicanus) (48.7%) and house sparrows (Passer domesticus) (34.6%); 1.1% of these birds were positive for SLE antibodies. Prevalence of WEE antibodies was negligible. The analysis of 5,481 sera from rock doves (Columbia livia) yielded 3.6% SLE positives and 0.4% WEE positives. Collection sites were maintained as study sites when identified as positive bird, mosquito, and SLE virus activity localities; others were abandoned. Serial serum samples from 7,749 banded house sparrows and 9,428 banded house finches from these selected sites demonstrated year-round SLE virus transmission. One location exhibited significant numbers of house finches undergoing annual SLE seroconversion and a number of seroconversion-reversion-reconversion sequences suggesting either viral reinfection from mosquitoes or recrudescence by latent virus. A proportion of both bird species also lived for longer than 1 yr, thus, increasing the possibility of virus carry-over from autumn to spring. Assessment of concurrently collected mosquitoes indicated no correlative association between mosquito populations and SLE seroconversion and reconversion. European house sparrows introduced in the 1800's may have provided a supplemental link to the existing SLE virus enzootic cycle involving endemic house finches. Meteorological factors are reviewed as possible important correlates of SLE epidemics. The house finch/house sparrow serosurveillance system is also evaluated for use as an ''Early Warning'' indicator of SLE virus activity. room temperature (RT), and then spun at 2500 RPM for 10 min. Next, 0.25 ml of 50% goose red blood cells (RBC) was added, then incubated for 20 min at 4 C, and spun at 1500 RPM for 10 min; supernatant is 1:20.

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Detection of West Nile virus infection in birds in the United States by blocking ELISA and immunohistochemistry

by Jamesina Scott and Martine Jozan

Vector-Borne and …, Jan 1, 2003

A blocking ELISA targeting an immunodominant West Nile epitope on the West Nile Virus NSI protein... more A blocking ELISA targeting an immunodominant West Nile epitope on the West Nile Virus NSI protein was assessed for the detection of West Nile-specific antibodies in blood samples collected from 584 sentinel chickens and 238 wild birds collected in New Jersey from May-December 2000. Ten mallard ducks (Aftus plat!lrlry~fchos) experimentally infected with West Nile virus and six uninfected controls were also tested. WN antibodies by the blocking ELISA. These tests identified 30 positive specimens, 12 of which had formalin-fixed tissues available to allow detection of WN specific viral antigen in various tissues by WNV-specific immunohistochemistry. Our results indicate that rapid and specific detection of antibodies to WN virus in sera from a range of avian species by blocking ELISA is an effective strategy for WN Virus surveillance in avian hosts. In combination with detection of WN-specific antigens in tissues by immunohistochemistry (IHC) the blocking ELISA will also be useful for confirming WN infection in diseased birds.

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Antibody prevalence of St. Louis encephalitis virus in avian hosts in Los Angeles, California, 1986

Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association, 1988