Washington Irving
Washington Irving | |
|---|---|
 Daguerreotype Washington Irving | |
| Pekerjaan | Penulis cerita pendek, pengesai, biografer, penyunting majalah, diplomat |
| Aliran sastra | Romantisisme |
| Tanda tangan |  |
Washington Irving (3 April 1783 – 28 November 1859) adalah seorang penulis, pengesai, biografer dan sejarawan Amerika Serikat pada abad ke-19. Ia dikenal karena cerita pendek "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow" dan "Rip Van Winkle", keduanya muncul di bukunya The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent. Karya-karyanya meliputi biografi George Washington, Oliver Goldsmith dan Muhammad, dan beberapa sejarawan Spanyol abad ke-15 yang membicarakan tokoh seperti Christopher Columbus, Moor, dan Alhambra. Irving juga menjabat sebagai dubes AS untuk Spanyol mulai 1842 hingga 1846.
Ia membuat debut pertamanya pada 1802 dengan serangkaian surat pengamatan kepada Morning Chronicle, ditulis dengan pseudonim Jonathan Oldstyle. Setelah pindah ke Inggris demi bisnis keluarga tahun 1815, ia mendapatkan ketenaran internasional dengan diterbitkannya The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent. tahun 1819. Ia terus menerbitkan karya secara rutin—dan hampir selalu sukses—sepanjang hidupnya, dan menyelesaikan biografi George Washington sebanyak lima volume delapan bulan sebelum kematiannya pada usia 76 tahun di Tarrytown, New York.
Irving, bersama James Fenimore Cooper, termasuk di antara para penulis pertama Amerika Serikat yang berpengaruh di Eropa, dan Irving mendorong para penulis Amerika seperti Nathaniel Hawthorne, Herman Melville, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, dan Edgar Allan Poe. Irving juga disukai oleh sejumlah penulis Eropa, seperti Sir Walter Scott, Lord Byron, Thomas Campbell, Francis Jeffrey, dan Charles Dickens. Sebagai penulis terlaris internasional pertama AS, Irving mengakui menulis sebagai profesi yang sah, dan meminta hukum yang lebih kuat untuk melindungi penulis Amerika dari pelanggaran hak cipta.
Daftar karya
[sunting | sunting sumber]Judul |
Tanggal terbit |
Oleh |
Genre
|
|---|---|---|---|
| Letters of Jonathan Oldstyle | 1802 | Jonathan Oldstyle | Surat Observasi |
| Salmagundi | 1807–1808 | Launcelot Langstaff, Will Wizard | Satir |
| A History of New York | 1809 | Diedrich Knickerbocker | Satir |
| The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent. | 1819–1820 | Geoffrey Crayon | Cerita pendek/Esai |
| Bracebridge Hall | 1822 | Geoffrey Crayon | Cerita pendek/Esai |
| Tales of a Traveller | 1824 | Geoffrey Crayon | Cerita pendek/Esai |
| The Life and Voyages of Christopher Columbus | 1828 | Washington Irving | Biografi/Sejarah |
| The Chronicles of the Conquest of Granada | 1829 | Fray Antonio Agapida[1] | Sejarah romantis |
| Voyages and Discoveries of the Companions of Columbus |
1831 | Washington Irving | Biografi/Sejarah |
| Tales of the Alhambra | 1832 | "The Author of the Sketch Book" | Cerita pendek/Perjalanan |
| The Crayon Miscellany[2] | 1835 | Geoffrey Crayon | Cerita pendek |
| Astoria | 1836 | Washington Irving | Biografi/Sejarah |
| The Adventures of Captain Bonneville | 1837 | Washington Irving | Biografi/Sejarah Romantis |
| The Life of Oliver Goldsmith | 1840 (direvisi 1849) |
Washington Irving | Biografi |
| Biography and Poetical Remains of the Late Margaret Miller Davidson |
1841 | Washington Irving | Biografi |
| Mahomet and His Successors | 1850 | Washington Irving | Biografi |
| Wolfert's Roost | 1855 | Geoffrey Crayon Diedrich Knickerbocker Washington Irving |
Biography |
| The Life of George Washington (5 volume) | 1855–1859 | Washington Irving | Biografi |
Catatan
[sunting | sunting sumber]Catatan kaki
[sunting | sunting sumber]- ^ Irving's publisher, John Murray, overrode Irving's decision to use this pseudonym and published the book under Irving's name—much to the annoyance of its author. See Jones 258-59.
- ^ Composed of the three short stories "A Tour on the Prairies", "Abbotsford and Newstead Abbey", and "Legends of the Conquest of Spain".
Bahan pustaka
[sunting | sunting sumber]- Burstein, Andrew. The Original Knickerbocker: The Life of Washington Irving. (Basic Books, 2007). ISBN 978-0-465-00853-7
- Bowers, Claude G. The Spanish Adventures of Washington Irving. (Riverside Press, 1940).
- Hellman, George S. Washington Irving, Esquire. (Alfred A. Knopf, 1925).
- Grant, Edward. (2001) God & Reason in the Middle Ages, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-80279-2 hardcover; ISBN 978-0-521-00337-7 softcover.
- Grant, John. (2006) Discarded Science: Ideas that seemed good at the time ... [sic], ff&f (Facts, Figures & Fun), publisher, ISBN 978-1-904332-49-7 hardcover.
- Irving, Pierre M. Life and Letters of Washington Irving. 4 vols. (G.P. Putnam, 1862). Cited herein as PMI.
- Irving, Washington. The Complete Works of Washington Irving. (Rust, et al., editors). 30 vols. (University of Wisconsin/Twayne, 1969–1986). Cited herein as Works.
- Irving, Washington. (1828) History of the Life of Christopher Columbus, 3 volumes, 1828, G. & C. Carvill, publishers, New York, New York; as 4 volumes, 1828, John Murray, publisher, London; and as 4 volumes, 1828, Paris A. and W. Galignani, publishers, France.
- Irving, Washington. (1829) The Life and Voyage of Christopher Columbus, 1 volume, 1829, G. & C. & H. Carvill, publishers, New York, New York; an abridged version prepared by Irving of his 1828 work.
- Jones, Brian Jay. Washington Irving: An American Original. (Arcade, 2008). ISBN 978-1-55970-836-4
- Warner, Charles Dudley. Washington Irving. (Riverside Press, 1881).
- Williams, Stanley T. The Life of Washington Irving. 2 vols. (Oxford University Press, 1935). ISBN 0-7812-5291-1
Pranala luar
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- Works by or about Washington Irving at Internet Archive (scanned books original editions color illustrated)
- Works by Washington Irving at Project Gutenberg (plain text and HTML)
- Famous Quotes by Washington Irving
- Washington Irving's Sunnyside Diarsipkan 2011-08-07 di Wayback Machine.
- Timothy Hopkins' Washington Irving collection, 1683–1839(5 volumes) is housed in the Department of Special Collections and University Archives Diarsipkan 2008-06-04 di Wayback Machine. at Stanford University Libraries
- Index Entry for Washington Irving at Poets' Corner
| Jabatan diplomatik | ||
|---|---|---|
| Didahului oleh: Aaron Vail |
Dubes AS untuk Spanyol 1842–1846 |
Diteruskan oleh: Romulus M. Saunders |