Aksara resmi
Sebuah aksara resmi adalah sistem penulisan yang secara khusus dipilih untuk konstitusi dan/atau hukum lainnya. Biasanya aksara dipilih dari bahasa yang digunakan. Selain karena bahasa, penggunaan aksara juga dipengaruhi oleh budaya atau politik. Efek dari pemilihan ini juga berdampak pada edukasi,komunikasi dan beberapa aspek kehidupan lainnya.
Daftar aksara resmi
[sunting | sunting sumber]Dibawah ini adalah aksara yang digunakan tiap negara. Tulisan yang dibuat miring adalah negara yang kurang diakui atau tidak diakui.
- Azerbaijan – Alfabet Azerbaijan
- Bangladesh – Aksara Bengali
- Brunei – Alfabet Latin (Latin) dan Abjad Jawi
- Ethiopia – Aksara Ge'ez
- Bosnia and Herzegovina:
- Republik Rakyat Tiongkok – Aksara Han sederhana[1]
- Hong Kong SAR – Aksara Han tradisional (de facto), Aksara Latin[2]
- Macau SAR – Aksara Han tradisional (de facto), Aksara Latin
- Inner Mongolia – Aksara Mongolia, Aksara Han Sederhana
- Tibet – Aksara Tibet, Aksara Han Sederhana
- Xinjiang – Abjad Arab Uighur,[3] Simplified Chinese
- Guangxi – Aksara Zhuang, Aksara Han Sederhana
- Kroasia – Alfabet Latin Gaj[4]
- Georgia – Aksara Georgia[butuh rujukan]
- India – Devanagari
- Hindi,[5] Marathi, Sanskerta, Sindhi, Bahasa Bhojpuri, Bahasa Bhili, Bahasa Magahi, Oraon, Bahasa Dogri, Konkani – Devanagari
- Urdu (juga di Pakistan) – Abjad Persia
- Kazakhstan – Alfabet Kiril (sebelum 2025) dan Alfabet Latin
- Korea (both) – Hangul (de facto)[6] and Hanja (tradisional)[7]
- Makedonia Utara – alfabet Makedonia[8]
- Malaysia – Alfabet Latin, Abjad Jawi juga diakui.[9]
- Moldova – Alfabet Latin[10]
- Mongolia – Alfabet Kiril (Kiril Mongolia) dan Aksara Mongolia[11]
- Montenegro – Alfabet Kiril dan Alfabet Latin[12]
- Filipina – Alfabet Latin (de facto), Baybayin (tradisional)[13][14]
- Rusia – Alfabet Kiril (alfabet Rusia)[15]
- Serbia – Alfabet Kiril (Kiril Serbia)[16]
- Taiwan[17] – Aksara Han tradisional
- Turki – Alfabet Turki
- Vietnam – Latin Vietnam
Referensi
[sunting | sunting sumber]- ^ National People's Congress of China, "The law of national all-purpose language and character in the People's Republic of China".
- ^ After the announcement of Simplified Chinese in mainland China, Taiwan, Hong Kong and Macau didn't follow the change, making Traditional Chinese the de facto official script. (Hong Kong and Macau were still colonies at that time, and their current constitutions don't state whether Tradition Chinese or Simplified Chinese is to be used. Both places continued to use Traditional Chinese after handover.see List of languages written in Chinese characters and derivatives of Chinese characters )
- ^ Xinjiang Languages and characters, "Uyghur Language and characters".[pranala nonaktif permanen]
- ^ Constitution of Croatia, Article 12: "Basic Provisions". Croatian Parliament. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2011-09-09. Diakses tanggal 26 August 2011.
The Croatian language and the Latin script shall be in official use in the Republic of Croatia.
- ^ "Official Language Act - Official Language: Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment, Government of India". socialjustice.nic.in. Diakses tanggal 2016-02-25.
- ^ Alton, David; Chidley, Rob (2013). Building Bridges: Is There Hope for North Korea?. Oxford: Lion Books. hlm. 89. ISBN 978-0-7459-5598-8.
- ^ Article 14 of the Framework Act on Korean Language prefers hangul but also allows hanja in parentheses, in cases prescribed by South Korean Presidential Decree.
- ^ Constitution of Macedonia, Article 7: "Constitution of the Republic of Macedonia". Assembly of the Republic of Macedonia. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 28 September 2011. Diakses tanggal 26 August 2011.
The Macedonian language, written using its Cyrillic alphabet, is the official language in the Republic of Macedonia.
- ^ "National Language Acts 1963/67". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2016-03-03.
The script of the national language shall be the Rumi script: provided that this shall not prohibit the use of the Malay script, more commonly known as the Jawi script, of the national language.
- ^ Constitution of Moldova, Article 13: "Title I. General Principles". Official Website of the President of Moldavia. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 29 August 2011. Diakses tanggal 26 August 2011.
(1) The national language of the Republic of Moldova is Moldovan, and its writing is based on the Latin alphabet.
- ^ "Official Documents to be in Mongolian Script". UB Post (dalam bahasa Chinese). 2011-06-21. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 1 November 2011. Diakses tanggal 2010-07-11.
- ^ "Vlada Crne Gore". www.vlada.me. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2020-08-16. Diakses tanggal 2016-02-25.
- ^ Norman de los Santos. "SAVING ENDANGERED PHILIPPINE NATIVE SCRIPTS IN A MODERN DIGITAL WORLD THROUGH TYPOGRAPHY, TECHNOLOGY, AND STANDARDIZATION" (PDF). Lingdy.aacore.jp. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2016-03-04. Diakses tanggal 2015-10-30.
- ^ "Baybayin Buhayin: National Script Act". Baybayinbuhayin.blogspot.com. Diakses tanggal 2015-10-30.
- ^ In Russian, the designation of Cyrillic as an official script (2001) has the consequence that the official languages of national Republics of Russia have to be written in the Cyrillic script in all official institutions and education. The passing of the law was met with particular resistance and criticism in the Republic of Tatarstan, as it replaced the Turkish Latin alphabet which the local government tried to promote in education after the dissolution of USSR.see List of languages in Russia
- ^ Constitution of Serbia, Article 10: "I Constitution Principles". Government of Serbia. Diakses tanggal 26 August 2011.
Serbian language and Cyrillic script shall be in official use in the Republic of Serbia.
- ^ Control by Republic of China