Kayan kida
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 kayan kida | |
|---|---|
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| Bayanai | |
| Ƙaramin ɓangare na |
sound generator (en)  , music equipment (en) , kayan aiki da artificial physical object (en) |
| Amfani | kiɗa |
| Yana haddasa |
instrumental music (en) |
| Karatun ta |
organology (en) |
| Has characteristic (en) |
family of musical instruments (en) |
| Amfani wajen |
instrumentalist (en) da mawaƙi |
Kayan kida shine na'urar da aka kirkira ko daidaitacce don yin sautin kida. A ka’ida, duk wani abu da ke samar da sauti ana iya daukarsa a matsayin kayan kida ta hanyar manufa ne abin ya zama kayan kida. Mutumin da ke buga kayan kida ana san shi da mai kayan kida.
Tarihi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Tarihin kayan kidan ya samo asali ne daga farkon al'adun dan adam. Watakila an yi amfani da kayan kida na farko don al'ada, kamar kaho don nuna nasara akan farauta, ko ganga a bikin addini. Al'adu daga karshe sun habaka kima da yin waka don nishadi. Kayan kida sun samo asali a mataki tare da canza aikace-aikace da fasaha.
Kwanan wata da asalin na'urar farko da aka yi la'akari da kayan kida ana jayayya. Abu mafi dadewa da wasu masana ke kira da kayan kida, sarewa simple flute, ya samo asali tun shekaru 50,000-60,000. Wasu kidayar sun fara busawa zuwa kusan shekaru 40,000 da suka wuce. Duk da haka, yawancin masana tarihi sun yi imanin cewa kayyade takamaiman lokacin kirkirar kayan kida ba zai yiwu ba, saboda yawancin kayan kida na farko an yi su ne daga fatun dabbobi, kashi, itace, da sauran kaya marasa dorewa.
Kayan kida sun bullo da kansu a yankuna da yawa na duniya. Koyaya, tuntubar wayewa ya haifar da saurin yaduwa da daidaita yawancin kayan aikin a wurare masu nisa daga asalinsu. A zamanin da, kayan kida daga Mesopotamiya sun kasance a tekun kudu maso gabashin Asiya, kuma Turawa suna buga kida daga Arewacin Afirka. Ci gaba a cikin Amurka ya faru a hankali, amma al'adun Arewa, Tsakiya, da Kudancin Amirka sun raba kayan kida.
A shekara ta 1400, ci gaban kayan kidan ya ragu a wurare da yawa kuma Occident ya mamaye shi. A lokacin kida na gargajiya da na Romantic, wanda ya dawwama daga kusan 1750 zuwa 1900, an hadaka sabbin kayan kida da yawa. Yayin da juyin halittar kayan kade-kade na gargajiya ya ragu tun daga karni na 20, yaduwar wutar lantarki ya haifar da kirkirar sabbin kayan aikin lantarki, irin su gitar lantarki, na'urorin hadawa da na'ura.
Rarraba kayan kida horo ne na kansa, kuma yawancin tsarin rarrabuwa an yi amfani da su tsawon shekaru. Ana iya rarraba kayan aiki ta hanyar tasiri mai tasiri, abun da ke ciki, girman, matsayi, da dai sauransu. Koyaya, hanyar ilimi da aka fi sani da Hornbostel-Sachs, tana amfani da hanyoyin da suke samar da sauti. Nazarin ilimi na kayan kida ana kiransa organology.
