The MATLAB Live Editor allows you to create scripts that combine code, output, and formatted text in an executable notebook. See this for exporting Live Scripts (.mlx) into Markdown and HTML.

Jupyter is an open source project that lets you easily combine Markdown text, executable code, persistent data, graphics, and visualizations onto a single notebook.

See Jupyter Notebook, NBviewer, JupyterLab, Jupyter Book, Scripts of Scripts (SoS), Thebe and Voilà.

Jupyter kernels: MATLAB and Xeus Octave. See also Calypso's MATLAB and Octave kernels.

Jupyter notebooks can be opened in an online executable environment with Binder.

See also Microsot Azure Notebooks and Google Colaboratory.

Code Ocean is a cloud-based computational reproducibility platform, see [1] and [2].

SPM Live Script example rendered statically with MathWorks JS viewer and interactively with MATLAB Online.

SPM notebook example rendered statically with NBviewer and interactively with Binder.

See also Stephan Heunis's tutorial.