This repository documents my exploration of embedded systems, beginning with Arduino. The README.md
contains references and key insights gained throughout my projects.
The /sketches
folder includes:
.ino
file with the code..jpg
image of the schematic (soon to be added)..jpg
image of the setup..mp4
video showing the setup in action.
The kit used:
- ELEGOO Mega R3 2560, available for purchase here.
- Arduino Hardware
- Arduino Project Hub
- Elegoo Tutorial Documentation
- Resistor Values
- Fun with Transistors
- Capacitors Explained
- Arduino MASTERCLASS
- How to Read a Schematic
- How to Read Schematics - Part 1
- How to Read Schematics - Part 2
- Schematic Symbols
-
Electrical Signals:
- AC (Alternating Current): Electricity flows back and forth.
- DC (Direct Current): Electricity flows in one direction.
-
Voltage and Current:
- Voltage is the force that makes electrons flow. It's a difference in potential energy between two different points in a circuit.
- Current is the rate of the flow of electrons. It's measured in amperes, which are also called amps.
In AC circuits, the voltage can be calculated using Ohm's law:
V = I x R
.V
is the voltage (in volts, V)I
is the current (in amperes, A)R
is the resistance (in ohms, Ω)
-
Circuit Basics:
- Closed Circuit: Allows current to flow from power to ground.
- Open Circuit: Interrupts the flow of electricity.
-
Series vs. Parallel Circuits:
- Series: Same current flows through all components.
- Parallel: Same voltage across all components.
-
Resistors:
- Add resistance to the circuit, reducing current flow.
- Measured in Ohms (Ω).
-
Capacitors:
- Store and discharge electricity to maintain a steady current.
- Measured in Farads (F).
-
Diodes:
- Allow current to flow in only one direction.
- LEDs are a special type of diode that emits light.
-
Transistors:
- Amplify electrical signals.
- Two main types: NPN and PNP.
-
Integrated Circuits (ICs):
- Miniaturized circuits with multiple components.
- Common IC: 555 timer.
-
Potentiometers:
- Variable resistors that adjust resistance in a circuit.
- Commonly used in volume controls.
-
Switches:
- Mechanical devices that open or close circuits.
-
Batteries:
- Convert chemical energy into electrical energy.
- Can be connected in series to increase voltage or in parallel to increase current.
-
Breadboards:
- Prototyping boards used for building circuits without soldering.
- Contains rows and columns of electrically connected holes for components.