In Linux everything is a file. Directories are just a list of files and for that reason, many programs such as ls and mv don't disctriminate

change to a directory (home)

cd [dirPath]

list all files in a directory (current)

ls [dirPath]
# including hidden
ls -A [dirPath]

return path to working directory

pwd

output file content to terminal

cat <filePath>
# first <N> lines
head <N> <filePath>
# last <N> lines
tail <N> <filePath>

make file

cat [someText] > <filePath>
# join two files into a new file
cat <filePath> <filePath> > <filePath>
# make directory
mkdir <dirPath>

rm <filePath>
# and directories
rm -r <dirPath>
# recursive force (without confirmation)
rm -fr <dirPath>

copy files to a destination directory

cp <filePath> <dirPath>
# and directories
cp -r <dirPath> <dirPath>

move files/directories to a destination

mv <filePath> <dirPath>
# rename a file
mv <fileName> <newFileName>

check the difference between two files

diff <filePath> <filePath>

create a link pointing to target file (shortcut)

ln -s <filePath> <linkName>

Every file on a Linux system has read, write & execute permissions defined per user, group & other

[u]ser — who created the file
[g]roup — set of users with common permissions
[o]ther — anyone who isn't user or in groups
[a]ll — all of the above (ugo)

[r]ead — view file contents
[w]rite — edit/modify file
e[x]ecute — run executable or view directory
none - no rights (-)

symbolic ｜ absolute, read, write & execute per user, group & other command sequence table

set a user (and group) to a file

chown <user>[:group] <filePath>

define permissions per user, group & other of file

chmod <permissions> <filePath>

Installing programs in Linux is a bit different than on Windows. When you need a specific program, it's best to use your system's package manager to install software. Package managers handle dependencies, upgrading, querying, installing, removing, listing packages and much more. They severly reduce the complexity of installing software for the end-user

upgrade packages & sync repositories

# arch linux
pacman -Syu
# debian
apt update && apt upgrade

search for a package

# arch linux
pacman -Ss [package]
# debian
apt search [package]

install a package

# arch linux
pacman -S <package>
# debian
apt install <package>

uninstall a package

# arch linux
pacman -Runss <package>
# debian
apt purge <package>

list installed packages

# arch linux
pacman -Qe
# debian
apt list --installed

# arch linux
pacman -Si <package>
# debian
apt info <package>

Using below methods to clone an existing (empty) repository, means we can skip several unecessary, over-complicated commands

download a repositories contents (& .git)

git clone https://github.com/<user>/<repository>
# or a specific branch
git clone -b <branch> --single-branch https://github.com/<user>/<repository>

﹡ although this command uses github as a refrence, any suitable version control software should work as intended

add new or changed files to the staging area

git add .

snapshot staged files with a message

git commit -m 'initial commit'

upload staged files

git push