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# DATABASE SYSTEM CONCEPTS
The manual discusses the evolution of database management from a specialized computer application to an essential component of modern computing. It explains the fundamental concepts of database management, including database design, database languages, and database-system implementation, and is intended for a first course in databases at the junior or senior undergraduate, or first-year graduate, level. The manual assumes only a familiarity with basic data structures, computer organization, and a high-level programming language such as Java, C, or Pascal. The authors present concepts as intuitive descriptions, with many based on a running example of a university. The manual covers important theoretical results but omits formal proofs, using figures and examples to suggest why a result is true. The concepts and algorithms presented are often based on those used in existing commercial or experimental database systems, but are presented in a general setting not tied to any one particular database system. The manual includes case studies in Part 9 and has been updated to reflect changes in the way databases are designed, managed, and used. It also takes into account trends in the teaching of database concepts and makes adaptations where appropriate.
The landscape of computer science education has undergone a profound transformation in recent years, as database management has emerged as a critical pillar in modern computing environments. To equip students with the essential knowledge about database systems, we present a comprehensive exploration of the fundamental concepts of database management, ranging from database design to database languages to database-system implementation.

The first chapter offers an introduction to database systems and an example application. Parts 1 and 2 cover relational databases and database design, respectively, with an emphasis on SQL and the entity-relationship data model. Part 3 focuses on data storage and querying, including storage devices, data structures, and query evaluation algorithms. Part 4 discusses transaction management, including atomicity, consistency, isolation, and durability, and covers techniques for ensuring serializability and correct transaction execution. Part 5 covers system architecture, including centralized systems, client-server systems, parallel and distributed architectures, and distributed databases. Part 6 introduces data warehousing, data mining, and information retrieval techniques. Part 7 covers specialty databases, including object-based databases and XML. Finally, Part 8 covers advanced topics, including spatial and temporal databases, and covers new trends such as NoSQL and NewSQL. The five appendices cover mathematical preliminaries, relational algebra, additional SQL, the Web and DBMSs, and advanced application development. The book is aimed at students, professionals, and researchers interested in learning about the concepts and principles of database systems.
Intended for students at the junior or senior undergraduate or first-year graduate level, this text provides both basic materials for an introductory course as well as advanced material suitable for supplemental or advanced study. Assuming only a familiarity with basic data structures, computer organization, and high-level programming languages like Java, C, or Pascal, we present concepts as intuitive descriptions, grounded in the running example of a university.

While important theoretical results are covered, we eschew formal proofs in favor of figures and examples that vividly illustrate the truth of a given result. Formal descriptions and proofs can be found in advanced texts and research papers referenced in the bibliographical notes.

This text is an indispensable resource for anyone seeking to acquire a deep understanding of database management, rooted in theoretical foundations but connected to practical applications.

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