mir

See also: mir., miř, mír, mìr, miR, Mir, and MIR

Translingual

Symbol

mir

(international standards) ISO 639-3 language code for Isthmus Mixe.

English

Etymology

Borrowing from Russian мир (mir, “community, village commune; peace; world”).

Noun

mir (plural mirs)

(now historical) A traditional village community in Imperial Russia, charaterised by self-government and collectivist control of local lands. [from 19th c.]
- 1878, Donald Mackenzie Wallace, Russia, volumes 1-3, page 179:
  [T]he constitution of the village […] was a subject which specially interested me, because I was aware that the Mir is the most peculiar of Russian institutions.
- R. Van Bergen, The Story of Russia, page 190:
  The mir was the only means to prevent this, and mir meant serfdom under another name. The landowners disposed of their land, or of so much as was required to support the peasants, not to individuals but to the mir.
- 2007, Tim Blanning, The Pursuit of Glory, Penguin, published 2008, page 169:
  Consisting of village elders elected by the male heads of household, the mir conducted almost all peasant business, fixing the dates for the agricultural year, deciding what, when and how crops should be grown, distributing plots of land on the open fields, collecting taxes and enforcing basic community discipline.

Anagrams

IRM, MRI, RMI, rim

Alemannic German

Etymology

From Middle High German mir (“we”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /mir/ ((stressed) IPA^(key): /mɪːr/; (unstressed) IPA^(key): /mər/)

Pronoun

mir

(personal) we
(personal) dative singular of ich: (to) me

Declension

Alemannic German personal pronouns
			nominative	accusative	dative	possessive m
singular	1st person		ich, i	mich, mi	mir, mier, mer	min, miin
	2nd person	familiar	du	dich, di	dir, dier, der	din, diin
	2nd person	polite	Si		Ine, Ene, -ne	Ire
	3rd person	m	er	in, en	im	sin, siin
		f	si		ire
		n	es, 's, -s		im	sin, siin
plural	1st person		mir, mer	üs, öis, ois, eus		üse, öise, oise, euse
	2nd person		ir, ier	öi, eu		öie, eure
	3rd person		si		ine, ene, -ne	ire

Bavarian

Pronoun

mir

Alternative spelling of mia (“me”, dative)
Alternative spelling of mia (“we”)

German

Pronunciation

(standard) IPA^(key): /miːɐ̯/

Audio: (file)
Audio: (file)
Rhymes: -iːɐ̯

(colloquially in unstressed position) IPA^(key): /mɐ/, /mə/

Etymology 1

From Middle High German mir (“me”), from Old High German mir (“me”), from Proto-West Germanic *miʀ, from Proto-Germanic *miz (“me”), from Proto-Indo-European *(e)me-, *(e)me-n- (“me”). Cognate with Old English mē (“me”). More at me.

Pronoun

mir

(personal) dative of ich: me, to me:
Er gab es mir.
He gave it to me.

Mir ist kalt.
I am cold.

Derived terms

mirs (“it to me”)

Etymology 2

From Middle High German mir (“we”). The form originated through assimilation of wir with a preceding verb form and subsequent unetymological segmentation. This is possibly already an Old High German development, since a common Old High German ending of the 1st person plural was -em, thus bittēm wir → *bittē-mir (modern bitten wir (“ask we, do we ask”)). The contraction as such is definitely old, though the common form of assimilation, both in written Old High German and written Middle High German, is through loss of the nasal: bittē wir. The form with mir may either be a younger development in Middle High German, or a more colloquial form that only later appeared in writing. Older age is suggested by the great dominance of mir throughout modern dialects of High German. Compare Yiddish מיר (mir), Luxembourgish mir. Compare also Old Norse mit (“we two”), Norwegian Nynorsk me (“we”).

Pronoun

mir

(dialectal or colloquial) Alternative form of wir (“we”)
- 16th century / 1874, Alsfelder Passionsspiel mit Wörterbuch herausgegeben von C. W. M. Grein, p. 13 l. 458f. [note: the text also has mer for 1st person plural nominative]:
  Mir willen widder in die helle,
  Die armen sele siden und quellen.
  (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Usage notes

The form is not common in those parts of northern Germany where Low German dialects have traditionally been spoken.

German Low German

Alternative forms

meer (some dialects)
mehr (some dialects, including Münsterländisch)

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /miːæ̯/ (Mecklenburg, Pomerania)
IPA^(key): /miːə̯/ (Holstein, Lower Saxony, northern Brandenburg)
IPA^(key): /miːr/ (southern Brandenburg)

Adjective

mir

(Mecklenburgisch, Western Pomeranian, some Northern Low Saxon, parts of Brandenburg) comparative degree of vęl; more

Irish

Adjective

mir

inflection of mear:
1. vocative/genitive masculine singular
2. (archaic) dative feminine singular

Mutation

Mutated forms of *mir*
radical	lenition	eclipsis
mir	mhir	not applicable

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Limburgish

Pronunciation

(most dialects) IPA^(key): /mɪr/
(Maastrichtian) IPA^(key): /mir/

Pronoun

mir

(personal, obsolete) dative singular of ich: me, to me
Mir gaaf t'r 't. ― He gave it to me.

Luxembourgish

Alternative forms

mer (unstressed)

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /miːr/, [miə̯], [ˈmiː.ɐ]

Etymology 1

From Middle High German mir.

Pronoun

mir

first-person singular, dative: me, to me
Dat brauchs de mir net ze erklären.
You don’t have to explain that to me.

Etymology 2

From Old High German wir through assimilation with a preceding verb ending (-n w- > -m-) and subsequent unetymological segmentation. See German mir (etymology 2) for the details. Compare also Luxembourgish dir (“you”), in which a similar development took place.

Pronoun

mir

first-person plural, nominative: we
Mir hu véier Hausdéieren.
We have four pets.

Declension

Luxembourgish personal pronouns
				nominative		accusative		dative		reflexive
				stressed	unstressed	stressed	unstressed	stressed	unstressed	reflexive
singular	1st person			ech	—	mech	—	mir	mer	like dat. and acc.
	2nd person	informal		du	de	dech	—	dir	der	like dat. and acc.
	2nd person	formal		Dir	Der	Iech	Iech [əɕ]	Iech	Iech [əɕ]	Iech
	3rd person		m	hien	en	hien	en	him	em	sech
			f	si	se	si	se	hir	er	sech
			n	hatt	et ('t)	hatt	et ('t)	him	em	sech
plural	1st person			mir	mer	eis (ons)	—	eis (ons)	—	eis (ons)
	2nd person			dir	der	iech	iech [əɕ]	iech	iech [əɕ]	iech
	3rd person			si	se	si	se	hinnen	en	sech

Marshallese

Pronunciation

(phonetic) IPA^(key): [mʲirˠ]
(phonemic) IPA^(key): /mʲirˠ/
Bender phonemes: {mir}

Adjective

mir

red, of reddish coconuts or the sky

Noun

mir

the color red, of reddish coconuts or the sky

References

Marshallese–English Online Dictionary

Meriam

Noun

mir

Middle English

Noun

mir

Alternative form of mirre

Middle High German

Etymology

From Old High German mir (“me”), from Proto-West Germanic *miʀ, from Proto-Germanic *miz (“me”), from Proto-Indo-European *(e)me-, *(e)me-n- (“me”). Cognate with Old English mē (“me”). More at me.

Pronoun

mir

me: dative singular of ich

Descendants

Alemannic German: mir, mer
Bavarian:
Cimbrian: miar

Mòcheno: mer
Central Franconian:
Hunsrik: meer, mer
German: mir
Luxembourgish: mir, meer
Yiddish: מיר (mir)

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology

Borrowing from Russian мир (mir, “peace, world”).^[1]

Noun

mir m (definite singular miren, indefinite plural mirer, definite plural mirene)

(historical) a mir

References

^ “mir” in Det Norske Akademis ordbok (NAOB).

Anagrams

rim

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology

Borrowing from Russian мир (mir, “peace, world”).^[1]

Noun

mir m (definite singular miren, indefinite plural mirar, definite plural mirane)

(historical) a mir

References

^ “mir” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Anagrams

rim

Old High German

Pronoun

mir

dative singular of ih

Pennsylvania German

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /miːɐ̯/

Etymology 1

From Middle High German mir. Compare German mir.

Pronoun

mir

dative of ich: me, to me

Declension

Pennsylvania German personal pronouns
Number	singular						plural
Person/ Gender	1st	2nd person		3rd person			1st	2nd	3rd
Person/ Gender	1st	familiar	polite/formal	m	f	n	1st	2nd	3rd
nominative	ich	du de¹	dihr der¹ Sie	er	sie se¹	es	mir mer¹	dihr der¹	sie
dative	mir mer¹	dir der¹	eich Ihne Ne¹	ihm em¹	ihre re¹	ihm em¹	uns	eich	ihne ne¹
accusative	mich	dich	eich Sie	ihn en¹	sie se¹	es	uns	eich	sie

¹ unstressed

Etymology 2

From Middle High German mir. Compare German mir.

Pronoun

mir

we

Declension

Pennsylvania German personal pronouns
Number	singular						plural
Person/ Gender	1st	2nd person		3rd person			1st	2nd	3rd
Person/ Gender	1st	familiar	polite/formal	m	f	n	1st	2nd	3rd
nominative	ich	du de¹	dihr der¹ Sie	er	sie se¹	es	mir mer¹	dihr der¹	sie
dative	mir mer¹	dir der¹	eich Ihne Ne¹	ihm em¹	ihre re¹	ihm em¹	uns	eich	ihne ne¹
accusative	mich	dich	eich Sie	ihn en¹	sie se¹	es	uns	eich	sie

¹ unstressed

Polish

Polish Wikipedia has an article on:

mir

Wikipedia ^pl

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈmir/

(Greater Poland):
- (Kociewie) IPA^(key): /ˈmir/
(Lesser Poland):
- (Kielce) IPA^(key): /ˈmir/

Audio: (file)
Rhymes: -ir
Syllabification: mir

Etymology 1

Inherited from Old Polish mir, mier.

Noun

mir m inan

(dated or dialectal, Kielce) respect (admiration for a person or entity because of perceived merit)
Synonyms: poważanie, szacunek
(dated or dialectal, Malbork) peace (absence of conflict, violence, or war)
Synonyms: pokój, zgoda
(historical, law) special protection granted by a monarch to certain individuals or places
(historical) mir, obshchina (peasant village community as opposed to individual farmsteads, or khutors, in Imperial Russia)
Synonym: obszczina

Declension

Declension of mir

	singular	plural
nominative	mir	miry
genitive	miru	mirów
dative	mirowi	mirom
accusative	mir	miry
instrumental	mirem	mirami
locative	mirze	mirach
vocative	mirze	miry

Alternative forms

mnir (Far Masovian)

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Noun

mir f

genitive plural of mira

Romanian

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Old Church Slavonic мѵро (müro), from Ancient Greek μύρον (múron). Compare also Aromanian mir.

Noun

mir n (plural miruri)

Declension

Declension of **mir**
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
	singular		plural
nominative-accusative	mir	mirul	miruri	mirurile
genitive-dative	mir	mirului	miruri	mirurilor
vocative	mirule		mirurilor

Etymology 2

Verb

mir

first-person singular present indicative/subjunctive of mira

Romansch

Etymology 1

From Latin mūrus.

Noun

mir m (plural mirs)

(Rumantsch Grischun, Sursilvan, Sutsilvan) exterior wall

Alternative forms

meir (Surmiran)
mür (Puter, Vallader)

Coordinate terms

paraid

Etymology 2

Noun

mir f (plural mirs)

(Sutsilvan) Alternative form of mieur (“mouse”)

Derived terms

miezmir-a-miezutschi (“bat”)

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *mirъ (“peace; world”), from Proto-Balto-Slavic *meiˀrás, from Proto-Indo-European *mey(H)-ró-s.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /mîːr/

Noun

mȋr m (Cyrillic spelling ми̑р)

peace
Nobelova nagrada za mir ― Nobel peace prize

centar grada je oaza mira i zelenila ― city center is an oasis of peace and greenery

mirovna konferencija ― peace conference
- 1996, United Nations, “Universal Declaration of Human Rights - Serbian”, in UDHR in Unicode‎^[1], archived from the original on 27 July 2021:
  Pošto je priznavanje urođenog dostojanstva i jednakih i neotuđivih prava svih članova ljudske porodice temelj slobode, pravde i mira u svetu;
  Whereas recognition of the inherent dignity and of the equal and inalienable rights of all members of the human family is the foundation of freedom, justice and peace in the world,
calm, tranquility
ostavi me na miru! ― leave me alone!

pusti me na miru! ― leave me alone!

Declension

Declension of mir

	singular	plural
nominative	mȋr	mírovi
genitive	mira	mirova
dative	miru	mirovima
accusative	mir	mirove
vocative	miru	mirovi
locative	miru	mirovima
instrumental	mirom	mirovima

Derived terms

Slovene

Alternative forms

mer (dialectal)

Etymology 1

From Proto-Slavic *mirъ (“peace; world”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /míːr/
Rhymes: -ɪːr
Hyphenation: mir
Homophone: mer

Noun

mȋr m inan

peace (tranquility, quiet, harmony)
Synonyms: tišina, gmah, mah, pokoj, spokoj, blaženi mir, idilični mir, mirnst, molk, nebeški mir, nemota, pokojnost, spokojnost, sveti mir

Antonyms: hrup, hrum, hrušč, hrumot, hrupot, rumel, šunder, tumult, nemir, alarm, direndaj, nepokoj, spektakel, turbulenca, vihar, vihra
peace (state free of war)
Synonym: mirnodobno stanje

Antonym: vojno stanje
calmness, peace (a state free of oppressive and unpleasant thoughts and emotions)
Synonyms: mirnost, umirjenost, mirnodušje, minodušnost, pokoj, pokojnost, ravnodušje, spokoj, spokojnost, stoičnost, zlati mir

Antonyms: nemir, nemirnost, nepokoj, nepokojnost

V njenih očeh je našel mir. ― He found peace in her eyes.
(literary) peace treaty
Synonym: mirovna pogodba

Declension

First masculine declension (hard o-stem, inanimate) , long mixed accent, ending -u in genitive singular (singularia tantum)
nom. sing.	mȋr
gen. sing.	mirȗ
	singular
nominative imenovȃlnik	mȋr
genitive rodȋlnik	mirȗ
dative dajȃlnik	mȋru, mȋri
accusative tožȋlnik	mȋr
locative mẹ̑stnik	mȋru, mȋri
instrumental orọ̑dnik	mȋrom
(vocative) (ogȏvorni imenovȃlnik)	mȋr

First masculine declension (hard o-stem, inanimate) , fixed accent (singularia tantum)
nom. sing.	mȋr
gen. sing.	mȋra
	singular
nominative imenovȃlnik	mȋr
genitive rodȋlnik	mȋra
dative dajȃlnik	mȋru, mȋri
accusative tožȋlnik	mȋr
locative mẹ̑stnik	mȋru, mȋri
instrumental orọ̑dnik	mȋrom
(vocative) (ogȏvorni imenovȃlnik)	mȋr

Interjection

mȋr

quiet, silent
Synonyms: tiho, tišina

Derived terms

Etymology 2

From Proto-Slavic *myrъ̏, from Latin mūrus. Cognates with German Mauer.^{[→Snoj, 2016]}

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /míːr/
Rhymes: -ɪːr
Hyphenation: mir
Homophone: mer

Noun

mȋr m inan

(obsolete or chiefly western dialects) wall (a rampart of earth, stones etc. built up for defensive purposes)^{[→Snoj, 2016]}
Synonyms: zid, zidišče

Declension

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First masculine declension (hard o-stem, inanimate, -ov- infix) , fixed accent, special accent changes
nom. sing.	mȋr
gen. sing.	mȋra
	singular	dual	plural
nominative imenovȃlnik	mȋr	mirȏva	mirȏvi
genitive rodȋlnik	mȋra	miróv	miróv
dative dajȃlnik	mȋru, mȋri	mirȏvoma, mirȏvama	mirȏvom, mirȏvam
accusative tožȋlnik	mȋr	mirȏva	mirȏve
locative mẹ̑stnik	mȋru, mȋri	mirȏvih	mirȏvih
instrumental orọ̑dnik	mȋrom	mirȏvoma, mirȏvama	mirȏvi
(vocative) (ogȏvorni imenovȃlnik)	mȋr	mirȏva	mirȏvi

Derived terms

Spanish

Etymology

Initialism of médico interno residente m, médica interna residente f.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈmiɾ/ [ˈmiɾ]
Rhymes: -iɾ
Syllabification: mir

Noun

mir m or f by sense (plural mires)

(Spain) resident (physician in training)

Tolai

Alternative forms

amir

Pronoun

mir

First-person exclusive dual pronoun: he/she and I, him/her and me

Declension

Tolai personal pronouns
	singular	dual	paucal	plural
1st person exclusive	iau	amir mir	amital mital	avet ave¹
1st person inclusive	-	dor	datal	dat da¹
2nd person	u	amur mur	amutal mutal	avat ava¹
3rd person	ia i	dir di	dital	diat dia¹

¹⁾ The plural pronouns lose the final -t when preceding a verb.

Veps

Etymology

Borrowed from Russian мир (mir).

Noun

mir

world

Inflection

Inflection of mir (inflection type 1/ilo)
nominative sing.	mir
genitive sing.	mirun
partitive sing.	mirud
partitive plur.	miruid
	singular	plural
nominative	mir	mirud
accusative	mirun	mirud
genitive	mirun	miruiden
partitive	mirud	miruid
essive-instructive	mirun	miruin
translative	miruks	miruikš

inessive	mirus	miruiš
elative	miruspäi	miruišpäi
illative	miruhu	miruihe

adessive	mirul	miruil
ablative	mirulpäi	miruilpäi
allative	mirule	miruile

abessive	miruta	miruita
comitative	mirunke	miruidenke
prolative	mirudme	miruidme

approximative I	mirunno	miruidenno
approximative II	mirunnoks	miruidennoks
egressive	mirunnopäi	miruidennopäi

terminative I	miruhusai	miruihesai
terminative II	mirulesai	miruilesai
terminative III	mirussai	—

additive I	miruhupäi	miruihepäi
additive II	mirulepäi	miruilepäi

Synonyms

mail'm

References

Zajceva, N. G., Mullonen, M. I. (2007) “мир, свет”, in Uz’ venä-vepsläine vajehnik / Novyj russko-vepsskij slovarʹ [New Russian–Veps Dictionary]‎^[2], Petrozavodsk: Periodika

Zazaki

Etymology

A shortened form of *xamîr, related to Persian (xamir).

Noun

mir

dough

[1] “mir” in Det Norske Akademis ordbok (NAOB).

[2] “mir” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

[1]

[1]

Translingual

Symbol

See also

English

Etymology

Noun

Anagrams

Alemannic German

Etymology

Pronunciation

Pronoun

Declension

Bavarian

Pronoun

German

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

Pronoun

Derived terms

Etymology 2

Pronoun

Usage notes

Further reading

German Low German

Alternative forms

Pronunciation

Adjective

Irish

Adjective

Mutation

Limburgish

Pronunciation

Pronoun

See also

Luxembourgish

Alternative forms

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

Pronoun

Etymology 2

Pronoun

Declension

Marshallese

Pronunciation

Adjective

Noun

References

Meriam

Noun

Middle English

Noun

Middle High German

Etymology

Pronoun

Descendants

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology

Noun

References

Anagrams

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology

Noun

References

Anagrams

Old High German

Pronoun

Pennsylvania German

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

Pronoun

Declension

Etymology 2

Pronoun

Declension

Polish

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

Noun

Declension