lume

See also: lumë and lümə

English

Etymology

Short for luminous or luminescent.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈluːm/

• Audio (Southern England):

  (file)

Noun

lume (countable and uncountable, plural lumes)

1. (informal) A luminescent paint used to make a timepiece's dial readable in the dark.
   • 2020, Colin A. White, The Vintage Rolex Field Manual Chevalier Digital Edition, page 46:

     Within the realm of vintage watch restoration there are few sub-specialties as controversial as dial lume.

   • 2021, Thomas M. Meine, Vintage Watches - Radium and Tritium, page 16:

     LumiNova and Super-LumiNova fall into the category of photoluminescent lumes.

Anagrams

• Mule, mule

Aromanian

Alternative forms

• lumi, alumi

Etymology

From Latin lūmen. See figurative meaning as the "light of life". Compare Romanian lume.

Noun

lume f (definite articulation lumea)

1. people
2. world
3. humanity, mankind

Related terms

• lunjinã

See also

• oaminj
• pimintu
• cozmu, dunjeai, etã, plasi

Estonian

Noun

lume

1. genitive singular of lumi

Finnish

Etymology

lumo +‎ -e

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈlumeˣ/, [ˈlume̞(ʔ)]
• Rhymes: -ume
• Syllabification^(key): lu‧me

Noun

lume

1. illusion

Declension

Inflection of lume (Kotus type 48/hame, no gradation)
nominative		lume	lumeet
genitive		lumeen	lumeiden lumeitten
partitive		lumetta	lumeita
illative		lumeeseen	lumeisiin lumeihin
		singular	plural
nominative		lume	lumeet
accusative	nom.	lume	lumeet
	gen.	lumeen
genitive		lumeen	lumeiden lumeitten
partitive		lumetta	lumeita
inessive		lumeessa	lumeissa
elative		lumeesta	lumeista
illative		lumeeseen	lumeisiin lumeihin
adessive		lumeella	lumeilla
ablative		lumeelta	lumeilta
allative		lumeelle	lumeille
essive		lumeena	lumeina
translative		lumeeksi	lumeiksi
abessive		lumeetta	lumeitta
instructive		—	lumein
comitative		See the possessive forms below.

Possessive forms of lume (Kotus type 48/hame, no gradation)

first-person singular possessor singular plural nominative lumeeni lumeeni accusative nom. lumeeni lumeeni gen. lumeeni genitive lumeeni lumeideni lumeitteni partitive lumettani lumeitani inessive lumeessani lumeissani elative lumeestani lumeistani illative lumeeseeni lumeisiini lumeihini adessive lumeellani lumeillani ablative lumeeltani lumeiltani allative lumeelleni lumeilleni essive lumeenani lumeinani translative lumeekseni lumeikseni abessive lumeettani lumeittani instructive — — comitative — lumeineni second-person singular possessor singular plural nominative lumeesi lumeesi accusative nom. lumeesi lumeesi gen. lumeesi genitive lumeesi lumeidesi lumeittesi partitive lumettasi lumeitasi inessive lumeessasi lumeissasi elative lumeestasi lumeistasi illative lumeeseesi lumeisiisi lumeihisi adessive lumeellasi lumeillasi ablative lumeeltasi lumeiltasi allative lumeellesi lumeillesi essive lumeenasi lumeinasi translative lumeeksesi lumeiksesi abessive lumeettasi lumeittasi instructive — — comitative — lumeinesi first-person plural possessor singular plural nominative lumeemme lumeemme accusative nom. lumeemme lumeemme gen. lumeemme genitive lumeemme lumeidemme lumeittemme partitive lumettamme lumeitamme inessive lumeessamme lumeissamme elative lumeestamme lumeistamme illative lumeeseemme lumeisiimme lumeihimme adessive lumeellamme lumeillamme ablative lumeeltamme lumeiltamme allative lumeellemme lumeillemme essive lumeenamme lumeinamme translative lumeeksemme lumeiksemme abessive lumeettamme lumeittamme instructive — — comitative — lumeinemme second-person plural possessor singular plural nominative lumeenne lumeenne accusative nom. lumeenne lumeenne gen. lumeenne genitive lumeenne lumeidenne lumeittenne partitive lumettanne lumeitanne inessive lumeessanne lumeissanne elative lumeestanne lumeistanne illative lumeeseenne lumeisiinne lumeihinne adessive lumeellanne lumeillanne ablative lumeeltanne lumeiltanne allative lumeellenne lumeillenne essive lumeenanne lumeinanne translative lumeeksenne lumeiksenne abessive lumeettanne lumeittanne instructive — — comitative — lumeinenne third-person possessor singular plural nominative lumeensa lumeensa accusative nom. lumeensa lumeensa gen. lumeensa genitive lumeensa lumeidensa lumeittensa partitive lumettaan lumettansa lumeitaan lumeitansa inessive lumeessaan lumeessansa lumeissaan lumeissansa elative lumeestaan lumeestansa lumeistaan lumeistansa illative lumeeseensa lumeisiinsa lumeihinsa adessive lumeellaan lumeellansa lumeillaan lumeillansa ablative lumeeltaan lumeeltansa lumeiltaan lumeiltansa allative lumeelleen lumeellensa lumeilleen lumeillensa essive lumeenaan lumeenansa lumeinaan lumeinansa translative lumeekseen lumeeksensa lumeikseen lumeiksensa abessive lumeettaan lumeettansa lumeittaan lumeittansa instructive — — comitative — lumeineen lumeinensa

Derived terms

• lumettua
• lumeutua

 

compounds

• lumeavioliitto
• lumehaitta
• lumehoito
• lumelääke
• lumemaailma
• lumetodellisuus
• lumevaikutus
• silmänlume

 

Further reading

• “lume”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja‎^[1] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-03

Anagrams

• lemu, melu

Galician

lume

Multilingual sign at Fisterra, Galicia

Etymology

13th century. Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese lume, from Latin lūmen. Cognate with Portuguese lume, Asturian llume, Spanish lumbre.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈlu.mɪ]

Noun

lume m (plural lumes)

1. flame, fire

   Synonym: fogo

2. (dated) light
   • 1295, R. Lorenzo, editor, La traducción gallega de la Crónica General y de la Crónica de Castilla, Ourense: I. E. O. P. F, page 481:

     Ay, meu fillo, alegria do meu curaçõ, lume dos meus ollos, solaz da mjna velleçe!

     Woe! My son, joy of my heart, light of my eyes, solace of my old age!

   • 1370, Ramón Lorenzo, editor, Crónica troiana, A Coruña: Fundación Barrié, page 689:

     ca despois que anoyteçeu tornou outrosí escuro speso a sobreguisa, et nõ fazía luar nẽ lume, pouco nẽ mais.

     because after nightfall it became dark, and this darkness was exceedingly thick, and it was neither moonlight nor light, no less or more

   • 1395, Miguel González Garcés, editor, Historia de La Coruña. Edad Media, A Coruña: Caixa Galicia, page 557:

     se alguas seeteyras ou lançeyros estan feytas en a parede da dicta casa, que as çarren de pedra et que as non abran nunca nen façan y outras alguas a saluo fique en o sotoo da dicta casa as lumeeyras que foren neçesarias et perteesçentes para dar lume ao dicto sotoo que non seian por maneyra de defensa algua

     if some arrowslits or embrasures are built in the walls of that tower house, they must be closed in stone, never to be reopened, and they shouldn't build new ones, with this exception: that in the ground floor there should be the needed and sufficient skylights for giving light to said ground floor, as long as they are used for defending

3. forest fire
   • 1990, Xaquín Fernández Leiceaga, Economia (politica) do monte galego, page 103:

     A hipótese básica é que os lumes, por máis que sexan intencionados, non obedecen a unha lóxica económica de potencia irregular de ano en ano, senón a causas continuamente presentes

     The basic hypothesis is that forest fires, even being caused intentionally, don't follow year after year an economic logic of irregular potential, but instead causes that are continuously present

Derived terms

• alumear

References

• “lume” in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval, SLI - ILGA 2006-2012.
• Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “lume”, in Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: ILG
• Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “lume”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “lume”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “lume”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN

Italian

Etymology

From Latin lūmen. In the sense of "lumen" it is a modern neologism. Doublet of lumen, a borrowing.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈlu.me/
• Rhymes: -ume
• Hyphenation: lù‧me

Noun

lume m (plural lumi)

1. a light source
   • 1310s, Dante Alighieri, “Canto XXII”, in Purgatorio‎^[2], lines 67–69; republished as Giorgio Petrocchi, editor, La Commedia secondo l'antica vulgata‎^[3], 2^nd revised edition, Florence: publ. Le Lettere, 1994:

     Facesti come quei che va di notte, / che porta il lume dietro e sé non giova, / ma dopo sé fa le persone dotte […]

     You did as one who walks in the night, carrying his light behind, and does not help himself, but makes the people after them wary

   • 1349–1353, Giovanni Boccaccio, “Giornata seconda – Novella settima”, in Decameron; republished as Aldo Francesco Massera, editor, Il Decameron‎^[4], Bari: Laterza, 1927:

     Pericone non diede indugio a seguitarla, ma spento ogni lume prestamente dall'altra parte le si coricò al lato […]

     Pericone was not slow to follow her, but, putting out every light, promptly hid himself beside her […]

   1. (dated) a non-electrical light source (e.g. a candle or an oil lamp)
      • 1840–1842, Alessandro Manzoni, chapter XXXIII, in I promessi sposi‎^[5], Milan: Guglielmini e Redaelli, published in I promessi sposi - Storia della colonna infame:

        C’era una vernaccia!... Ma, con una buona dormita, tutto se ne va. Ho un gran sonno... Levami un po’ quel lume dinanzi, che m’accieca... mi dà una noia...!

        The wine was so fine!... With a good sleep all will be well again. I am overcome by sleep... Get that lamp away from before me, it's blinding me... it troubles me so...!

2. (rare) an electrical light source
3. (by extension, poetic) star

   Synonyms: stella, astro

   • 1316–c. 1321, Dante Alighieri, “Canto II”, in Paradiso‎^[6], lines 64–66; republished as Giorgio Petrocchi, editor, La Commedia secondo l'antica vulgata‎^[7], 2^nd revised edition, Florence: publ. Le Lettere, 1994:

     La spera ottava vi dimostra molti / lumi, li quali e nel quale e nel quanto / notar si posson di diversi volti.

     The eighth sphere displays many lights to you, which—in their quality and quantity—can be noted of different aspects.

   • 1336–1374, Francesco Petrarca, “CCCXXV — Tacer non posso, et temo non adopre”, in Il Canzoniere, lines 72–74; republished as Daniele Ponchiroli, editor, Turin: publ. Giulio Einaudi, 1964:

     Fra tanti amici lumi, / una nube lontana mi dispiacque; / la qual temo che 'n pianto si risolve […]

     Among so many friendly stars, one distant cloud displeased me: which I fear will melt away in tears

   1. (figurative, poetic) God
      • 1310s, Dante Alighieri, “Canto XIII”, in Purgatorio‎^[8], lines 85–87; republished as Giorgio Petrocchi, editor, La Commedia secondo l'antica vulgata‎^[9], 2^nd revised edition, Florence: publ. Le Lettere, 1994:

        Volsimi a loro e: «O gente sicura», / incominciai, «di veder l'alto lume / che ’l disio vostro solo ha in cura

        I turned towards them, and, "O people, certain," I began, "of seeing the high light, which is the only care of your desire

4. (figurative, by extension, poetic) a blessed soul or entity
   • 1316–c. 1321, Dante Alighieri, “Canto X”, in Paradiso‎^[10], lines 71–73; republished as Giorgio Petrocchi, editor, La Commedia secondo l'antica vulgata‎^[11], 2^nd revised edition, Florence: publ. Le Lettere, 1994:

     si trovan molte gioie care e belle / tanto che non si posson trar del regno; / e ’l canto di quei lumi era di quelle;

     Many jewels are found, so fair and precious that one cannot take them away from the realm; and the singing of those lights was one of them

5. (figurative, by extension, literary, poetic) a notable person within a specific field or discipline
   • 1300s–1310s, Dante Alighieri, “Canto I”, in Inferno‎^[12], lines 82–84; republished as Giorgio Petrocchi, editor, La Commedia secondo l'antica vulgata‎^[13], 2^nd revised edition, Florence: publ. Le Lettere, 1994:

     O de li altri poeti onore e lume, / vagliami ’l lungo studio e ’l grande amore / che m’ha fatto cercar lo tuo volume.

     "O, of the other poets honour and light, avail me the long study and great love that have impelled me to explore thy volume!

   • mid 1560s [29–19 BCE], “Libro secondo”, in Annibale Caro, transl., Eneide, translation of Aeneis by Publius Vergilius Maro (in Classical Latin), lines 694–695; republished as L’Eneide di Virgilio‎^[14], Florence: G. Barbera, 1892:

     Cadde Riféo, ch’era ne’ Teucri un lume / di bontà, di giustizia e d’equitate

     Ripheus fell, who was a light among the Teucrians / for goodness, justice and equity

   • c. 1527, Francesco Berni, Orlando Innamorato‎^[15], Milano: Società Tipografica de' Classici Italiani, published 1828, Canto XIII, page 37:

     A que’ tre che tu, Fiorenza, onori / eterni lumi della lingua nostra

     To those three that you, Florence, honour/honor, eternal lights of our own language

6. light, specifically:
   1. (archaic, literary) (natural) light

      Synonym: luce

      • 1310s, Dante Alighieri, “Canto I”, in Purgatorio‎^[16], lines 37–38; republished as Giorgio Petrocchi, editor, La Commedia secondo l'antica vulgata‎^[17], 2^nd revised edition, Florence: publ. Le Lettere, 1994:

        Li raggi delle quattro luci sante / fregiavan sì la sua faccia di lume / ch’i’ ’l vedea come ’l sol fosse davante.

        The rays of the four sacred stars so adorned his face with light, that I saw him as if the sun were before him.

      • 1909, Giovanni Pascoli, “La capinera”, in Nuovi Poemetti, lines 7–9:

        Il cinguettìo, così tra lume e scuro, / cessò d’un tratto. Era comparso il sole. / Sparì ciascuno nel bel giorno puro.

        The chirping, between light and darkness ceased suddenly. The Sun had risen. They all disappeared into the pure day.

   2. (dated) (artificial) light, (non-electrical)
7. (painting) the manner in which the light strikes a picture; that part of a picture which represents those objects upon which the light is supposed to fall
8. (figurative) sight (sense)

   Synonym: vista

   • 1516–1532, Ludovico Ariosto, “Canto 43”, in Orlando furioso, stanza 187; republished as Santorre Debenedetti, editor, Bari: Laterza, 1928:

     […] e facea alcuno effetto sopr’umano, / dar lume a ciechi, e tornar morti a vita, / fermare il vento ad un segno di croce, / e far tranquillo il mar quand’è più atroce […].

     [a hermit] who had done superhuman deeds; regiving sight to the blind, and restoring the dead to life; hushing the winds with a sign of the cross and pacifying the sea when at its scariest.

   1. (in the plural) eyes

      Synonym: occhi

      • 1336–1374, Francesco Petrarca, “CLVI — I’ vidi in terra angelici costumi”, in Il Canzoniere, lines 5–8; republished as Daniele Ponchiroli, editor, Turin: publ. Giulio Einaudi, 1964:

        E vidi lagrimar que' duo bei lumi, / c'han fatto mille volte invidia al Sole; / ed udii sospirando dir parole / che farian gir i monti e stare i fiumi.

        And I saw two lovely eyes that wept, that made the sun a thousand times jealous; and I heard words emerge among sighs that made the mountains move, and halted rivers.

      • 1575, Torquato Tasso, “Canto 16”, in Gerusalemme liberata, stanza 60; republished as La Gerusalemme liberata di Torquato Tasso, Paris: Agostino Delalain; Pietro Durand; Gio. Claudio Molini, 1771:

        […] e cadde tramortita: e di diffuse / di gelato sudore: e i lumi chiuse.

        […] and she fell to the ground, stunned, getting covered with freezing sweat, and closed her eyes.

      • 1818–1836, Giacomo Leopardi, “I — All'Italia”, in Canti, lines 134–136; republished as Alessandro Donati, editor, Bari: publ. Laterza, 1917:

        Ché, se il fato è diverso, e non consente / ch'io per la Grecia i moribondi lumi / chiuda prostrato in guerra, […]

        If fate's opposed, and will not consent that I fall in war, and close my dying eyes, for Greece, […]

9. (figurative) spiritual or mental illumination, enlightenment, light
   • 1310s, Dante Alighieri, “Canto VI”, in Purgatorio‎^[18], lines 43–45; republished as Giorgio Petrocchi, editor, La Commedia secondo l'antica vulgata‎^[19], 2^nd revised edition, Florence: publ. Le Lettere, 1994:

     Veramente a così alto sospetto / non ti fermar, se quella non ti dice / che lume fia tra 'l vero e lo 'ntelletto.

     Verily, in so deep a questioning do not decide, unless she tell it thee, who light 'twixt truth and intellect shall be.

10. (in the plural) the culture founded on a rationalistic basis
    • 1766, Pietro Verri, “Conſiderazioni ſul Luſſo”, in Il caffè‎^[20], volume 1, Pietro Pizzolato, page 188:

      i lumi finalmente che ogni giorno più vanno allontanando gli uomini dall'antica ferocia

      and lastly the enlightenment, which every day carries mankind further away from the ancient ferocity

    • 1764, Cesare Beccaria, “Capitolo V”, in Dei delitti e delle pene:

      Da ciò veggiamo quanto sia utile la stampa, che rende il pubblico, e non alcuni pochi, depositario delle sante leggi, e quanto abbia dissipato quello spirito tenebroso di cabala e d’intrigo, che sparisce in faccia ai lumi ed alle scienze […].

      Hence we see the use of printing, which makes the public, and not a few individuals, the guardians of the sacred laws, and how it has dissipated the gloomy spirit of cabal and intrigue, which disappears in the face of enlightenment and sciences […].

11. (figurative, usually in the plural) useful information, advice

    Synonyms: chiarimento, consiglio

    • 1881, Giovanni Verga, “Capitolo VII”, in I Malavoglia:

      La seduta fu sciolta senza concludere nulla. Il segretario voleva un po' di tempo per prender lume;

      The meeting was closed without deciding upon anything. The clerk wanted time to get up his subject.

    1. (by extension) discernment

       Synonym: discernimento

       • 1310s, Dante Alighieri, “Canto XVI”, in Purgatorio‎^[21], lines 73–75; republished as Giorgio Petrocchi, editor, La Commedia secondo l'antica vulgata‎^[22], 2^nd revised edition, Florence: publ. Le Lettere, 1994:

         Lo cielo i vostri movimenti inizia; / non dico tutti, ma, posto ch'i' 'l dica, / lume v'è dato a bene e a malizia

         The heavens your movements do initiate, I say not all; but granting that I say it, light has been given you for good and evil

12. (anatomy) lumen
13. (fishing) the size of a fishing net's meshes

Derived terms

• allumare

Related terms

• illuminare
• illuminismo
• luminare
• luminaria
• luminio
• luminoso

 

Anagrams

• Mulè, mule

Middle English

Etymology 1

Noun

lume

1. Alternative form of leme

Etymology 2

Noun

lume

1. Alternative form of lome (“loom”)

Old Galician-Portuguese

Etymology

Inherited from Latin lūmen.

Noun

lume m (plural lumes)

1. fire
2. vision
3. (figurative) joy

Related terms

• Lugo
• luz
• Luzia
• lũa
• lũar
• lũes

 

Descendants

• Galician: lume
• Portuguese: lume

Further reading

• Universo Cantigas - "lume"

Portuguese

Etymology

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese lume, from Latin lūmen.

Cognate with Galician, French, Italian, and Romanian lume, Spanish lumbre, Catalan llum and Occitan lum. In the sense of "lumen" it is a modern neologism. Doublet of lúmen, a borrowing.

Pronunciation

 

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈlũ.mi/

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈlũ.mi/
  • (Southern Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈlu.me/

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ˈlu.mɨ/

• Hyphenation: lu‧me

Noun

lume m (plural lumes)

1. flame, fire (to cook or keep oneself warm)
2. (anatomy) lumen

Synonyms

• fogo
• (lumen): lúmen

Related terms

• lua
• luz

Romanian

Etymology

Inherited from Latin lūmen (“light”) (see figurative meaning as the "light of life").

Compare also Slavic свѣтъ (světŭ), meaning both "light" and "world", and Hungarian világ, which also originally meant "light". Doublet of lumen (SI unit of measurement), borrowed from the same Latin source.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈlu.me/

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

lume f (plural lumi)

1. (also figuratively) world
2. people

   Synonym: oameni

3. humanity, mankind

   Synonym: omenire

4. (archaic, regional) light

   Synonym: lumină

Declension

Declension of lume

	singular		plural
	indefinite articulation	definite articulation	indefinite articulation	definite articulation
nominative/accusative	(o) lume	lumea	(niște) lumi	lumile
genitive/dative	(unei) lumi	lumii	(unor) lumi	lumilor
vocative	lume, lumeo		lumilor

Derived terms

• toată lumea
• lumea a treia
• în jurul lumii
• acoperișul lumii

Related terms

• lumină

See also

• pământ

Further reading

• lume in DEX online—Dicționare ale limbii române (Dictionaries of the Romanian language)