ethos

English

Etymology

From Ancient Greek ἦθος (êthos, “character; custom, habit”). Cognate to Sanskrit स्वधा (svadhā́, “habit, custom”).

Pronunciation

• (UK) IPA^(key): /ˈiːθɒs/

  • Audio (Southern England):

    (file)

• (US) IPA^(key): /ˈiθɑs/, /ˈiθoʊs/

Noun

ethos (plural ethe or ethea or ethoses)

1. The character or fundamental values of a person, people, culture, or movement.
   • 2011 October 26, Brook Larmer, “Where an Internet Joke Is Not Just a Joke”, in The New York Times‎^[1], →ISSN:

     To slip past censors, Chinese bloggers have become masters of comic subterfuge, cloaking their messages in protective layers of irony and satire. This is not a new concept, but it has erupted so powerfully that it now defines the ethos of the Internet in China.

   • 2021 March 10, Greg Morse, “Telling the railway's story on film”, in RAIL, number 926, page 49:

     As we saw with Housing Problems, this 'telling one's own story' is an ethos Edgar Anstey would have applauded, and it was an ethos that has fed into Network Rail's work during the COVID-19 pandemic. Green explains: "COVID has produced huge challenges for us, but it showed there is such a need for film-making at a time like this."

2. (rhetoric) A form of rhetoric in which the writer or speaker invokes their authority, competence or expertise in an attempt to persuade others that their view is correct.
3. (art) The traits in a work of art which express the ideal or typic character, as influenced by the ethos (character or fundamental values) of a people, rather than emotional situations or individual character traits in a narrow sense; opposed to pathos.

Related terms

Terms etymologically related to ethos

• etheic
• ethics
• ethogram (zoölogy)
• ethography
• ethoi (hypercorrect)
• ethologic
• ethological
• ethologist
• ethology
• ethopœia
• ethopoetic (obsolete, rare)
• ethosed (rare, non-standard)
• ethoses (non-standard)

Translations

character or fundamental values of a people

• Armenian: please add this translation if you can
• Catalan: ethos m
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 精神 (zh) (jīngshén), 氣質／气质 (zh) (qìzhì), 思潮 (zh) (sīcháo)

• Czech: étos (cs) m
• Esperanto: etoso
• Finnish: ilmapiiri (fi)
• French: éthos (fr) m
• Georgian: please add this translation if you can
• German: Gesinnung (de) f
• Greek: ήθος (el) n (íthos)
• Hebrew: אתוס (he)
• Icelandic: andi (is) m
• Indonesian: etos (id)
• Irish: éiteas m
• Italian: please add this translation if you can
• Portuguese: ethos (pt) m
• Romanian: etos (ro) n
• Russian: этос (ru) (etos)
• Slovak: étos m
• Spanish: ethos (es) m
• Swedish: etos (sv) n, livssyn (sv) c

form of rhetoric

• Dutch: ethos (nl) m
• Finnish: uskottavuudeen luominen, eetos (fi)
• Irish: éiteas m

See also

• logos
• pathos
• zeitgeist

References

• “ethos”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.

Anagrams

• hotes, shote, Theos, those, sothe

Dutch

Etymology

From Ancient Greek ἦθος (êthos, “ethos”).

Pronunciation

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

ethos m (uncountable)

1. ethos

   Coordinate terms: bathos, logos, pathos

Related terms

• ethica
• ethiek
• ethisch

 

Descendants

• → Indonesian: etos

Further reading

• ethos on the Dutch Wikipedia.Wikipedia ^nl

Latin

Etymology

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἦθος (êthos).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ˈeː.tʰos/, [ˈeːt̪ʰɔs̠]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈe.tos/, [ˈɛːt̪os]

Noun

ēthos n (irregular, genitive ētheos); third declension

1. Synonym of mōrēs
2. (drama) character
   • 77 CE – 79 CE, Pliny the Elder, Naturalis historia 35.98:

     Is omnium prīmus animum pīnxit et sēnsūs hominis expressit, quae vocant Graecī ēthē, item perturbātiōnēs, dūrior paulō in colōribus.

     He [viz. Aristides of Thebes] was the first of all painters who depicted the mind and expressed the feelings of a human being, what the Greeks term ethe, and also the emotions; he was a little too hard in his colours.

   (Can we find and add a quotation of Marcus Terentius Varro to this entry?)

Declension

Third-declension noun (irregular, Greek-type).

	singular	plural
nominative	ēthos	ēthea ēthē
genitive	ētheos	(ēthōn)
dative	(ēthī)	ēthesi ēthesin
accusative	ēthos	ēthea ēthē
ablative	(ēthī)	ēthesi ēthesin
vocative	ēthos	ēthea ēthē

References

• “ēthos”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• ethos in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• ēthŏs in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette, page 604/1.
• “ēthos” on page 623/1 of the Oxford Latin Dictionary (1st ed., 1968–82)