enriquecer

Galician

Etymology

From Old Galician-Portuguese enrequecer (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), from en- +‎ rico +‎ -ecer.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /enrikeˈθeɾ/
• Hyphenation: en‧ri‧que‧cer

Verb

enriquecer (first-person singular present enriquezo, first-person singular preterite enriquecín, past participle enriquecido)
enriquecer (first-person singular present enriqueço, first-person singular preterite enriquecim or enriqueci, past participle enriquecido, reintegrationist norm)

1. to enrich

   Synonyms: arrequentar, enrequentar

Conjugation

    Conjugation of enriquecer (c-z alternation)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (ti)	Third-person (el / ela / Vde.)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / Vdes.)
Infinitive
Impersonal	enriquecer
Personal	enriquecer	enriqueceres	enriquecer	enriquecermos	enriquecerdes	enriqueceren
Gerund
	enriquecendo
Past participle
Masculine	enriquecido			enriquecidos
Feminine	enriquecida			enriquecidas
Indicative
Present	enriquezo	enriqueces	enriquece	enriquecemos	enriquecedes	enriquecen
Imperfect	enriquecía	enriquecías	enriquecía	enriqueciamos	enriqueciades	enriquecían
Preterite	enriquecín	enriqueciches	enriqueceu	enriquecemos	enriquecestes	enriqueceron
Pluperfect	enriquecera	enriqueceras	enriquecera	enriqueceramos	enriquecerades	enriqueceran
Future	enriquecerei	enriquecerás	enriquecerá	enriqueceremos	enriqueceredes	enriquecerán
Conditional	enriquecería	enriquecerías	enriquecería	enriqueceriamos	enriqueceriades	enriquecerían
Subjunctive
Present	enriqueza	enriquezas	enriqueza	enriquezamos	enriquezades	enriquezan
Imperfect	enriquecese	enriqueceses	enriquecese	enriquecésemos	enriquecésedes	enriquecesen
Future	enriquecer	enriqueceres	enriquecer	enriquecermos	enriquecerdes	enriqueceren
Imperative
Affirmative		enriquece	enriqueza	enriquezamos	enriquecede	enriquezan
Negative (non)		non enriquezas	non enriqueza	non enriquezamos	non enriquezades	non enriquezan

    Reintegrated conjugation of enriquecer (c-ç alternation) (See Appendix:Reintegrationism)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (ti / tu)	Third-person (ele / ela / você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	enriquecer
Personal	enriquecer	enriqueceres	enriquecer	enriquecermos	enriquecerdes	enriquecerem
Gerund
	enriquecendo
Past participle
Masculine	enriquecido			enriquecidos
Feminine	enriquecida			enriquecidas
Indicative
Present	enriqueço	enriqueces	enriquece	enriquecemos	enriquecedes, enriqueceis	enriquecem
Imperfect	enriquecia	enriquecias	enriquecia	enriquecíamos	enriquecíades, enriquecíeis, enriquecíais1	enriqueciam
Preterite	enriquecim, enriqueci	enriqueceste, enriqueceche1	enriqueceu	enriquecemos	enriquecestes	enriquecêrom, enriqueceram
Pluperfect	enriquecera	enriqueceras	enriquecera	enriquecêramos	enriquecêrades, enriquecêreis, enriquecêrais1	enriqueceram
Future	enriquecerei	enriquecerás	enriquecerá	enriqueceremos	enriqueceredes, enriquecereis	enriquecerám, enriquecerão
Conditional	enriqueceria	enriquecerias	enriqueceria	enriqueceríamos	enriqueceríades, enriqueceríeis, enriqueceríais1	enriqueceriam
Subjunctive
Present	enriqueça	enriqueças	enriqueça	enriqueçamos	enriqueçades, enriqueçais	enriqueçam
Imperfect	enriquecesse	enriquecesses	enriquecesse	enriquecêssemos	enriquecêssedes, enriquecêsseis	enriquecessem
Future	enriquecer	enriqueceres	enriquecer	enriquecermos	enriquecerdes	enriquecerem
Imperative
Affirmative		enriquece	enriqueça	enriqueçamos	enriquecede, enriquecei	enriqueçam
Negative (nom)		nom enriqueças	nom enriqueça	nom enriqueçamos	nom enriqueçades, nom enriqueçais	nom enriqueçam

¹Less recommended.

References

• Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “enriquecer”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• “enriquecer” in Xavier Varela Barreiro & Xavier Gómez Guinovart: Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval. SLI / Grupo TALG / ILG, 2006-2016.
• Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “enriquecer”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• “enriquecer”, in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega (in Galician), A Coruña: Royal Galician Academy, 2012–2024
• Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “enriquecer”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• “enriquecer” in Dicionário Estraviz de galego (2014).
• Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “enriquecer”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN

Portuguese

Etymology

From en- +‎ rico (“rich”) +‎ -ecer. Compare Galician and Spanish enriquecer.

Pronunciation

 

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): (careful pronunciation) /ẽ.ʁi.keˈse(ʁ)/ [ẽ.hi.keˈse(h)], (natural pronunciation) /ĩ.ʁi.keˈse(ʁ)/ [ĩ.hi.keˈse(h)]

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): (careful pronunciation) /ẽ.ʁi.keˈse(ʁ)/ [ẽ.hi.keˈse(h)], (natural pronunciation) /ĩ.ʁi.keˈse(ʁ)/ [ĩ.hi.keˈse(h)]
  • (São Paulo) IPA^(key): (careful pronunciation) /ẽ.ʁi.keˈse(ɾ)/ [ẽ.hi.keˈse(ɾ)], (natural pronunciation) /ĩ.ʁi.keˈse(ɾ)/ [ĩ.hi.keˈse(ɾ)]
  • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA^(key): (careful pronunciation) /ẽ.ʁi.keˈse(ʁ)/ [ẽ.χi.keˈse(χ)], (natural pronunciation) /ĩ.ʁi.keˈse(ʁ)/ [ĩ.χi.keˈse(χ)]
  • (Southern Brazil) IPA^(key): (careful pronunciation) /ẽ.ʁi.keˈse(ɻ)/ [ẽ.hi.keˈse(ɻ)], (natural pronunciation) /ĩ.ʁi.keˈse(ɻ)/ [ĩ.hi.keˈse(ɻ)]

 

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ẽ.ʁi.kɨˈseɾ/

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ẽ.ʁi.kɨˈseɾ/
  • (Southern Portugal) IPA^(key): /ẽ.ʁi.kɨˈse.ɾi/

• Hyphenation: en‧ri‧que‧cer

Verb

enriquecer (first-person singular present enriqueço, first-person singular preterite enriqueci, past participle enriquecido)

1. to enrich
   • 1890, Aluísio Azevedo, O Cortiço, Rio de Janeiro: B. L. Garnier:

     Proprietário e estabelecido por sua conta, o rapaz atirou-se à labutação ainda com mais ardor, possuindo-se de tal delírio de enriquecer, que afrontava resignado as mais duras provações.

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

   • 2009, Elben M. Lenz César [org.], Devocionais para todas as estações, Editora Ultimato, →ISBN, page 90:

     Você já ouviu a expressão “amigo do rei”? Quase sempre é utilizada em sentido negativo, como crítica a pessoas que se aproveitam de sua amizade com governantes e líderes políticos para se enriquecerem ilicitamente. Mas nem toda amizade com o rei, ou qualquer outro dirigente, é marcada pela corrupção.

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Conjugation

    Conjugation of enriquecer (c-ç alternation) (See Appendix:Portuguese verbs)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (tu)	Third-person (ele / ela / você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	enriquecer
Personal	enriquecer	enriqueceres	enriquecer	enriquecermos	enriquecerdes	enriquecerem
Gerund
	enriquecendo
Past participle
Masculine	enriquecido			enriquecidos
Feminine	enriquecida			enriquecidas
Indicative
Present	enriqueço	enriqueces	enriquece	enriquecemos	enriqueceis	enriquecem
Imperfect	enriquecia	enriquecias	enriquecia	enriquecíamos	enriquecíeis	enriqueciam
Preterite	enriqueci	enriqueceste	enriqueceu	enriquecemos	enriquecestes	enriqueceram
Pluperfect	enriquecera	enriqueceras	enriquecera	enriquecêramos	enriquecêreis	enriqueceram
Future	enriquecerei	enriquecerás	enriquecerá	enriqueceremos	enriquecereis	enriquecerão
Conditional	enriqueceria	enriquecerias	enriqueceria	enriqueceríamos	enriqueceríeis	enriqueceriam
Subjunctive
Present	enriqueça	enriqueças	enriqueça	enriqueçamos	enriqueçais	enriqueçam
Imperfect	enriquecesse	enriquecesses	enriquecesse	enriquecêssemos	enriquecêsseis	enriquecessem
Future	enriquecer	enriqueceres	enriquecer	enriquecermos	enriquecerdes	enriquecerem
Imperative
Affirmative		enriquece	enriqueça	enriqueçamos	enriquecei	enriqueçam
Negative (não)		não enriqueças	não enriqueça	não enriqueçamos	não enriqueçais	não enriqueçam

Spanish

Etymology

From en- +‎ rico +‎ -ecer.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Spain) /enrikeˈθeɾ/ [ẽn.ri.keˈθeɾ]
• IPA^(key): (Latin America, Philippines) /enrikeˈseɾ/ [ẽn.ri.keˈseɾ]
• Rhymes: -eɾ
• Syllabification: en‧ri‧que‧cer

Verb

enriquecer (first-person singular present enriquezco, first-person singular preterite enriquecí, past participle enriquecido)

1. (transitive) to enrich
2. (intransitive) to prosper

Conjugation

    Conjugation of enriquecer (c-zc alternation) (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)

infinitive			enriquecer
gerund			enriqueciendo
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		enriquecido		enriquecida
		plural		enriquecidos		enriquecidas
		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
indicative		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	enriquezco	enriquecestú enriquecésvos	enriquece	enriquecemos	enriquecéis	enriquecen
	imperfect	enriquecía	enriquecías	enriquecía	enriquecíamos	enriquecíais	enriquecían
	preterite	enriquecí	enriqueciste	enriqueció	enriquecimos	enriquecisteis	enriquecieron
	future	enriqueceré	enriquecerás	enriquecerá	enriqueceremos	enriqueceréis	enriquecerán
	conditional	enriquecería	enriquecerías	enriquecería	enriqueceríamos	enriqueceríais	enriquecerían
subjunctive		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	enriquezca	enriquezcastú enriquezcásvos2	enriquezca	enriquezcamos	enriquezcáis	enriquezcan
	imperfect (ra)	enriqueciera	enriquecieras	enriqueciera	enriqueciéramos	enriquecierais	enriquecieran
	imperfect (se)	enriqueciese	enriquecieses	enriqueciese	enriqueciésemos	enriquecieseis	enriqueciesen
	future1	enriqueciere	enriquecieres	enriqueciere	enriqueciéremos	enriqueciereis	enriquecieren
imperative		—	tú vos	usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ustedes
	affirmative		enriquecetú enriquecévos	enriquezca	enriquezcamos	enriqueced	enriquezcan
	negative		no enriquezcas	no enriquezca	no enriquezcamos	no enriquezcáis	no enriquezcan

¹Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language.
²Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.

    Selected combined forms of enriquecer (c-zc alternation)

These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
with infinitive enriquecer
	dative	enriquecerme	enriquecerte	enriquecerle, enriquecerse	enriquecernos	enriqueceros	enriquecerles, enriquecerse
	accusative	enriquecerme	enriquecerte	enriquecerlo, enriquecerla, enriquecerse	enriquecernos	enriqueceros	enriquecerlos, enriquecerlas, enriquecerse
with gerund enriqueciendo
	dative	enriqueciéndome	enriqueciéndote	enriqueciéndole, enriqueciéndose	enriqueciéndonos	enriqueciéndoos	enriqueciéndoles, enriqueciéndose
	accusative	enriqueciéndome	enriqueciéndote	enriqueciéndolo, enriqueciéndola, enriqueciéndose	enriqueciéndonos	enriqueciéndoos	enriqueciéndolos, enriqueciéndolas, enriqueciéndose
with informal second-person singular tú imperative enriquece
	dative	enriquéceme	enriquécete	enriquécele	enriquécenos	not used	enriquéceles
	accusative	enriquéceme	enriquécete	enriquécelo, enriquécela	enriquécenos	not used	enriquécelos, enriquécelas
with informal second-person singular vos imperative enriquecé
	dative	enriqueceme	enriquecete	enriquecele	enriquecenos	not used	enriqueceles
	accusative	enriqueceme	enriquecete	enriquecelo, enriquecela	enriquecenos	not used	enriquecelos, enriquecelas
with formal second-person singular imperative enriquezca
	dative	enriquézcame	not used	enriquézcale, enriquézcase	enriquézcanos	not used	enriquézcales
	accusative	enriquézcame	not used	enriquézcalo, enriquézcala, enriquézcase	enriquézcanos	not used	enriquézcalos, enriquézcalas
with first-person plural imperative enriquezcamos
	dative	not used	enriquezcámoste	enriquezcámosle	enriquezcámonos	enriquezcámoos	enriquezcámosles
	accusative	not used	enriquezcámoste	enriquezcámoslo, enriquezcámosla	enriquezcámonos	enriquezcámoos	enriquezcámoslos, enriquezcámoslas
with informal second-person plural imperative enriqueced
	dative	enriquecedme	not used	enriquecedle	enriquecednos	enriqueceos	enriquecedles
	accusative	enriquecedme	not used	enriquecedlo, enriquecedla	enriquecednos	enriqueceos	enriquecedlos, enriquecedlas
with formal second-person plural imperative enriquezcan
	dative	enriquézcanme	not used	enriquézcanle	enriquézcannos	not used	enriquézcanles, enriquézcanse
	accusative	enriquézcanme	not used	enriquézcanlo, enriquézcanla	enriquézcannos	not used	enriquézcanlos, enriquézcanlas, enriquézcanse

Derived terms

• enriquecedor

 

Further reading

• “enriquecer”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.7, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2023 November 28