caustic

See also: càustic

English

Etymology

From the Latin causticus (“burning”), from Ancient Greek καυστικός (kaustikós, “burning”), from καυστός (kaustós, “burnt”) +‎ -ικός (-ikós).

Pronunciation

• enPR: kôs'tĭk, kŏs'tĭk, IPA^(key): /ˈkɔːstɪk/, /ˈkɒstɪk/

• Audio (US):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɔːstɪk

Adjective

caustic (comparative more caustic, superlative most caustic)

1. Capable of burning, corroding or destroying organic tissue.
2. (of language, etc.) Sharp, bitter, cutting, biting, and sarcastic in a scathing way.
   • 1843, Charles Dickens, A Christmas Carol:

     "How now!" said Scrooge, caustic and cold as ever.

   • 1843, Charles Dickens, Martin Chuzzlewit:

     The bargain was not concluded as easily as might have been expected though, for Scadder was caustic and ill-humoured, and cast much unnecessary opposition in the way

   • 1853, Charlotte Brontë, Villette:

     Madame Beck esteemed me learned and blue; Miss Fanshawe, caustic, ironic, and cynical

   • 1857, Anthony Trollope, The Three Clerks:

     The Secretary and the Assistant-Secretaries would say little caustic things about him to the senior clerks, and seemed somewhat to begrudge him his new honours.

   • 1886, Thomas Hardy, The Mayor of Casterbridge:

     this set of worthies, who were only too prone to shut up their emotions with caustic words.

   • 1897 December (indicated as 1898), Winston Churchill, chapter VIII, in The Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC:

     The humor of my proposition appealed more strongly to Miss Trevor than I had looked for, and from that time forward she became her old self again; […] . Our table in the dining-room became again the abode of scintillating wit and caustic repartee, Farrar bracing up to his old standard, and the demand for seats in the vicinity rose to an animated competition.

   • c. 1930, W.H.Auden, The Quest:

     though he came too late / To join the martyrs, there was still a place / Among the tempters for a caustic tongue / / To test the resolution of the young / With tales of the small failings of the great

Synonyms

• (capable of destroying tissue): acidic, biting, burning, corrosive, searing
• (severe, sharp): bitchy, biting, catty, mordacious, nasty, sarcastic, scathing, sharp, spiteful, vitriolic

Derived terms

• catacaustic
• caustic alkali
• caustically
• caustic ammonia
• caustic barley
• caustic curve
• causticise
• causticism
• causticity
• causticize
• caustic lime
• causticness
• caustic pencil
• caustic potash
• caustic soda
• caustic sulphite caramel
• caustic surface
• caustification
• diacaustic
• galvanocaustic
• Indian caustic barley
• noncaustic
• postcaustic

 

Related terms

• cauterize
• encaustic
• holocaust
• homocaust
• hypocaust
• ink

 

Translations

capable of destroying organic tissue

• Asturian: cáusticu
• Bulgarian: разяждащ (bg) (razjaždašt)
• Catalan: càustic
• Czech: žíravý m
• Danish: kaustisk, kaustisk, ætsende
• Dutch: corrosief (nl), bijtend (nl)
• Finnish: syövyttävä (fi), kaustinen (fi)
• Galician: cáustico (gl)
• German: zersetzend (de), beißend (de)
• Greek: καυστικός (el) m (kafstikós)
• Hungarian: maró (hu)
• Italian: caustico (it)
• Mongolian:

  Cyrillic: идэмхий (idemxii)

• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: kaustisk

  Nynorsk: kaustisk

• Polish: kaustyczny m, żrący (pl) m
• Portuguese: cáustico (pt)
• Russian: е́дкий (ru) (jédkij)
• Scottish Gaelic: loisgeach
• Spanish: cáustico (es)
• Ukrainian: каустичний m (kaustyčnyj), їдкий m (jidkyj)

severe; satirical; sharp

• Bulgarian: хаплив (bg) (hapliv), язвителен (bg) (jazvitelen)
• Chinese:

  Cantonese: 尖酸嘅 (zim¹ syun¹ ge³)

• Czech: sžíravý m
• Danish: ætsende, bidende, skarp (da)
• Dutch: streng (nl), scherp (nl), schamper (nl)
• Finnish: pureva (fi), ivallinen (fi), myrkyllinen (fi)
• German: scharf (de), beißend (de), bissig (de), ätzend (de), sarkastisch (de)
• Greek: καυστικός (el) m (kafstikós)
• Italian: caustico (it)
• Ottoman Turkish: آجی (acı) (of words)
• Portuguese: cáustico (pt)
• Ukrainian: уїдливий m (ujidlyvyj)

Noun

caustic (plural caustics)

1. Any substance or means which, applied to animal or other organic tissue, burns, corrodes, or destroys it by chemical action; an escharotic.
2. (optics, computer graphics) The envelope of reflected or refracted rays of light for a given surface or object.
3. (mathematics) The envelope of reflected or refracted rays for a given curve.
4. (informal, chemistry) Caustic soda.

Derived terms

• common caustic
• lunar caustic

 

Translations

substance which burns, corrodes or destroys organic tissue

• Czech: žíravina (cs) f
• Finnish: syövyttävä aine
• German: Ätzmittel n
• Greek: καυστικό (el) n (kafstikó)
• Portuguese: cáustico (pt) m
• Romanian: caustic (ro)

envelope of reflected or refracted rays of light for a given surface or object

• Finnish: polttopinta
• German: Kaustik f
• Italian: caustica (it) f
• Portuguese: cáustica f

envelope of reflected or refracted rays for a given curve

• Finnish: polttopinta
• German: Kaustik f
• Italian: caustica (it) f
• Portuguese: cáustica f

caustic soda — see caustic soda

Romanian

Etymology

Borrowed from Italian caustico or Latin causticus.

Adjective

caustic m or n (feminine singular caustică, masculine plural caustici, feminine and neuter plural caustice)

1. burning, caustic, corrosive

Declension

		singular				plural
		masculine	neuter	feminine		masculine	neuter	feminine
nominative- accusative	indefinite	caustic		caustică		caustici	caustice
	definite	causticul		caustica		causticii	causticele
genitive- dative	indefinite	caustic		caustice		caustici	caustice
	definite	causticului		causticei		causticilor	causticelor