calmar

English

Noun

calmar (plural calmars)

1. A squid (the mollusk).
   • 1792, George Louis Le Clerc, Barr's Buffon. Buffon's Natural History, page 126:

     During the summer, he studied calmars at Lisbon, but found no appearance of any roe, nor any reservoir which appeared to be destined for the reception of the seminal liquor; and it was in the middle of December, that he began to discern the first traces of a new vessel replete with a milty juice.

Catalan

Etymology

From calma.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Central, Balearic) [kəlˈma]
• IPA^(key): (Valencia) [kalˈmaɾ]
• Rhymes: -a(ɾ)
• Hyphenation: cal‧mar

Verb

calmar (first-person singular present calmo, first-person singular preterite calmí, past participle calmat)

1. (transitive) to calm
2. (intransitive, reflexive) to calm down

   Encara fa sol i el mar s'ha calmat. ― Yet it's sunny and the sea has become calm.

Conjugation

    Conjugation of calmar (first conjugation)

infinitive			calmar
gerund			calmant
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		calmat		calmada
		plural		calmats		calmades
person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		jo	tu	ell/ella vostè	nosaltres nós	vosaltres vós	ells/elles vostès
	present	calmo	calmes	calma	calmem	calmeu	calmen
	imperfect	calmava	calmaves	calmava	calmàvem	calmàveu	calmaven
	future	calmaré	calmaràs	calmarà	calmarem	calmareu	calmaran
	preterite	calmí	calmares	calmà	calmàrem	calmàreu	calmaren
	conditional	calmaria	calmaries	calmaria	calmaríem	calmaríeu	calmarien
subjunctive		jo	tu	ell/ella vostè	nosaltres nós	vosaltres vós	ells/elles vostès
	present	calmi	calmis	calmi	calmem	calmeu	calmin
	imperfect	calmés	calmessis	calmés	calméssim	calméssiu	calmessin
imperative		—	tu	vostè	nosaltres	vosaltres vós	vostès
	affirmative	—	calma	calmi	calmem	calmeu	calmin
	negative (no)	—	no calmis	no calmi	no calmem	no calmeu	no calmin

Derived terms

• calmable
• calmant
• calmat

French

Etymology

From Ancient Greek κάλαμος (kálamos, “reed, ink pen”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kal.maʁ/

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

calmar m (plural calmars)

1. squid (the mollusk)

Derived terms

• calmar colossal
• calmar commun
• calmar géant
• calmar loliginidé

 

Further reading

• “calmar”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

Interlingua

Verb

calmar

1. to calm
2. to still

Portuguese

Pronunciation

 

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /kawˈma(ʁ)/ [kaʊ̯ˈma(h)]

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /kawˈma(ʁ)/ [kaʊ̯ˈma(h)]
  • (São Paulo) IPA^(key): /kawˈma(ɾ)/ [kaʊ̯ˈma(ɾ)]
  • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA^(key): /kawˈma(ʁ)/ [kaʊ̯ˈma(χ)]
  • (Southern Brazil) IPA^(key): /kawˈma(ɻ)/ [kaʊ̯ˈma(ɻ)]

 

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /kalˈmaɾ/ [kaɫˈmaɾ]

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /kalˈmaɾ/ [kaɫˈmaɾ]
  • (Southern Portugal) IPA^(key): /kalˈma.ɾi/ [kaɫˈma.ɾi]

Etymology 1

Verb

calmar (first-person singular present calmo, first-person singular preterite calmei, past participle calmado)

1. (transitive, intransitive, reflexive) Alternative form of acalmar
2. (transitive, colloquial) to beat

Conjugation

    Conjugation of calmar (See Appendix:Portuguese verbs)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (tu)	Third-person (ele / ela / você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	calmar
Personal	calmar	calmares	calmar	calmarmos	calmardes	calmarem
Gerund
	calmando
Past participle
Masculine	calmado			calmados
Feminine	calmada			calmadas
Indicative
Present	calmo	calmas	calma	calmamos	calmais	calmam
Imperfect	calmava	calmavas	calmava	calmávamos	calmáveis	calmavam
Preterite	calmei	calmaste	calmou	calmamos1, calmámos2	calmastes	calmaram
Pluperfect	calmara	calmaras	calmara	calmáramos	calmáreis	calmaram
Future	calmarei	calmarás	calmará	calmaremos	calmareis	calmarão
Conditional	calmaria	calmarias	calmaria	calmaríamos	calmaríeis	calmariam
Subjunctive
Present	calme	calmes	calme	calmemos	calmeis	calmem
Imperfect	calmasse	calmasses	calmasse	calmássemos	calmásseis	calmassem
Future	calmar	calmares	calmar	calmarmos	calmardes	calmarem
Imperative
Affirmative		calma	calme	calmemos	calmai	calmem
Negative (não)		não calmes	não calme	não calmemos	não calmeis	não calmem

¹Brazilian Portuguese.
²European Portuguese.

Etymology 2

Noun

calmar m (plural calmares)

1. Alternative form of calamar

Romanian

Alternative forms

• calamar

Etymology

Borrowed from French calmar.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kalˈmar/

Noun

calmar m (plural calmari)

1. squid

Declension

Declension of calmar

	singular		plural
	indefinite articulation	definite articulation	indefinite articulation	definite articulation
nominative/accusative	(un) calmar	calmarul	(niște) calmari	calmarii
genitive/dative	(unui) calmar	calmarului	(unor) calmari	calmarilor
vocative	calmarule		calmarilor

Spanish

Etymology

From calma +‎ -ar.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kalˈmaɾ/ [kalˈmaɾ]

• Audio (Venezuela):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -aɾ
• Syllabification: cal‧mar

Verb

calmar (first-person singular present calmo, first-person singular preterite calmé, past participle calmado)

1. (transitive) to calm, to still (to limit and lessen in motion and disturbance)
2. (transitive) to calm, soothe, assuage, to ease, to appease, to quell, to allay, to settle, to relieve (to make lessen in intensity)
3. (transitive, figurative) to defuse (e.g. a situation or problem, tension or conflict, a crisis)
4. (transitive, figurative) to quench, to quell (one's thirst)
5. (transitive, figurative) to cool
6. (transitive) to talk down, to talk off the ledge
7. (intransitive) to subside, abate
8. (intransitive) to steady (often used when talking to an animal one is riding like a horse)
9. (reflexive) to calm down, to settle down, to quiet down, to calm oneself
10. (reflexive) to cool off, to cool it, to chill, to chill out
11. (reflexive) to subside

Conjugation

    Conjugation of calmar (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)

infinitive			calmar
gerund			calmando
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		calmado		calmada
		plural		calmados		calmadas
		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
indicative		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	calmo	calmastú calmásvos	calma	calmamos	calmáis	calman
	imperfect	calmaba	calmabas	calmaba	calmábamos	calmabais	calmaban
	preterite	calmé	calmaste	calmó	calmamos	calmasteis	calmaron
	future	calmaré	calmarás	calmará	calmaremos	calmaréis	calmarán
	conditional	calmaría	calmarías	calmaría	calmaríamos	calmaríais	calmarían
subjunctive		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	calme	calmestú calmésvos2	calme	calmemos	calméis	calmen
	imperfect (ra)	calmara	calmaras	calmara	calmáramos	calmarais	calmaran
	imperfect (se)	calmase	calmases	calmase	calmásemos	calmaseis	calmasen
	future1	calmare	calmares	calmare	calmáremos	calmareis	calmaren
imperative		—	tú vos	usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ustedes
	affirmative		calmatú calmávos	calme	calmemos	calmad	calmen
	negative		no calmes	no calme	no calmemos	no calméis	no calmen

¹Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language.
²Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.

    Selected combined forms of calmar

These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
with infinitive calmar
	dative	calmarme	calmarte	calmarle, calmarse	calmarnos	calmaros	calmarles, calmarse
	accusative	calmarme	calmarte	calmarlo, calmarla, calmarse	calmarnos	calmaros	calmarlos, calmarlas, calmarse
with gerund calmando
	dative	calmándome	calmándote	calmándole, calmándose	calmándonos	calmándoos	calmándoles, calmándose
	accusative	calmándome	calmándote	calmándolo, calmándola, calmándose	calmándonos	calmándoos	calmándolos, calmándolas, calmándose
with informal second-person singular tú imperative calma
	dative	cálmame	cálmate	cálmale	cálmanos	not used	cálmales
	accusative	cálmame	cálmate	cálmalo, cálmala	cálmanos	not used	cálmalos, cálmalas
with informal second-person singular vos imperative calmá
	dative	calmame	calmate	calmale	calmanos	not used	calmales
	accusative	calmame	calmate	calmalo, calmala	calmanos	not used	calmalos, calmalas
with formal second-person singular imperative calme
	dative	cálmeme	not used	cálmele, cálmese	cálmenos	not used	cálmeles
	accusative	cálmeme	not used	cálmelo, cálmela, cálmese	cálmenos	not used	cálmelos, cálmelas
with first-person plural imperative calmemos
	dative	not used	calmémoste	calmémosle	calmémonos	calmémoos	calmémosles
	accusative	not used	calmémoste	calmémoslo, calmémosla	calmémonos	calmémoos	calmémoslos, calmémoslas
with informal second-person plural imperative calmad
	dative	calmadme	not used	calmadle	calmadnos	calmaos	calmadles
	accusative	calmadme	not used	calmadlo, calmadla	calmadnos	calmaos	calmadlos, calmadlas
with formal second-person plural imperative calmen
	dative	cálmenme	not used	cálmenle	cálmennos	not used	cálmenles, cálmense
	accusative	cálmenme	not used	cálmenlo, cálmenla	cálmennos	not used	cálmenlos, cálmenlas, cálmense

Alternative forms

• acalmar (obsolete)

Derived terms

• calmante
• calmar los ánimos (“to calm things down”)

 

Further reading

• “calmar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española (in Spanish), online version 23.7, Royal Spanish Academy, 2023 November 28