alare

Italian

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /aˈla.re/
Rhymes: -are
Hyphenation: a‧là‧re

Etymology 1

From Latin alāris.

Adjective

alare (plural alari)

(relational) wing
(anatomy) alar

Related terms

ala

Etymology 2

Probably from latin Lares.

Noun

alare m (plural alari)

fire dog; andiron

Etymology 3

Borrowed from French haler.

Verb

alàre (first-person singular present àlo, first-person singular past historic alài, past participle alàto, auxiliary avére)

(transitive, nautical) to haul (on a rope, etc.)

Conjugation

Conjugation of alàre (-are) (See Appendix:Italian verbs)

person	singular			plural
infinitive	alàre
auxiliary verb		avére	gerund		alàndo
present participle		alànte	past participle		alàto
person	first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative	io	tu	lui/lei, esso/essa	noi	voi	loro, essi/esse
present	àlo	àli	àla	aliàmo	alàte	àlano
imperfect	alàvo	alàvi	alàva	alavàmo	alavàte	alàvano
past historic	alài	alàsti	alò	alàmmo	alàste	alàrono
future	alerò	alerài	alerà	alerémo	aleréte	alerànno
conditional	io	tu	lui/lei, esso/essa	noi	voi	loro, essi/esse
present	alerèi	alerésti	alerèbbe, alerébbe	alerémmo	aleréste	alerèbbero, alerébbero
subjunctive	che io	che tu	che lui/che lei, che esso/che essa	che noi	che voi	che loro, che essi/che esse
present	àli	àli	àli	aliàmo	aliàte	àlino
imperfect	alàssi	alàssi	alàsse	alàssimo	alàste	alàssero
imperative	—	tu	Lei	noi	voi	Loro
imperative		àla	àli	aliàmo	alàte	àlino
negative imperative		non alàre	non àli	non aliàmo	non alàte	non àlino

Anagrams

alerà

Latin

Etymology 1

Uncertain. Attested in the Reichenau Glossary.^[1] Multiple etymologies have been proposed.

Traditionally ambulāre has been regarded as the etymon, possibly via a contracted form *amlāre, with the contraction perhaps due to its use as a military command. However, this is problematic for several reasons.^[2]^[3] Others have proposed an origin in a Gaulish *aliu, from Proto-Celtic *ɸal-. Compare Welsh elwyf (“I may go”), Cornish ellev (“I may go”), from full grade *ɸel-.^[4]^[5] A third proposal is that alāre was back-formed from allātus, past participle of afferre, thanks to a reflexive construction like se afferre (literally “carry oneself to”). French s'est allé, for instance, would then be a continuation of *[se allātus est].^[6]

All of its attested descendants are (and so presumably alāre was as well) suppletive with vādere, which supplies the present singular and third-person plural, and with īre often supplying the future and conditional forms. Compare the contemporary synonym andāre.

Verb

alāre (Early Medieval Latin)

to go

Descendants

Franco-Provençal: alar
Friulian: lâ
Old French: aler (see there for further descendants)

References

^ Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002) “ambŭlare”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch, volumes 24: Refonte A–Aorte, page 427
^ 1939, D. A. Paton, On the origin of aller, in Studies in French Language and Mediaeval Literature, page 301: The opinion that ambulare is the origin of aller has been and is held by so many eminent etymologists that it is with some diffidence I venture to suggest another source. [...] By these suggestions I am not attempting to prove that aller and ambler are of different origin, but only to show that such a theory is not only possible, but probable. The real and to my mind insuperable objection to ambulare as the source of aller is the phonetic question, and here we find that the supporters of ambulare, in explaining its unique development, arrive at their common conclusion by entirely different routes. Ducange would take aller as coming from ambler. Schuchardt's reasoning is as follows: – ambulare to *ammulare to *amlare to aller. [...] More recently, Meyer-Lübke's view is that ambulare was simply contracted to *allare, the contraction being particularly natural in the imperative mood. Gammillscheg also points out that ambulate, used in the army as a word of command, would easily be shortened to *alate.
^ 1934, Eugene F. Parker, A Defense of the Etymology Allatus, Allare, Aller in PMLA, vol. 49, no. 4, pp. 1026-1027: The specious supposition that ambulare might have given rise to the various verbs of "going" in the Romance languages "by distortion, as in military commands" is unsatisfactory for two reasons. First, military commands should be clear and distinct (despite one or two notorious cases which will immediately suggest themselves). Second, there is no indication that this verb ever was used in giving commands, for there appear to be no extant copies of drill regulations of the Roman expeditionary forces.
^ 1773, Charles Vallancey, A Grammar of the Iberno-Celtic, Or Irish Language, page 84: aill, go thou [...] from hence aller the French verb, to go
^ 1873, Louis A. Languellier, H. M. Monsanto, A pratical course with the French language, page 487: "words which [...] belong to the ancient Gallic or Celtic speech [...include] aller, to go"
^ 1934, Eugene F. Parker, A Defense of the Etymology Allatus, Allare, Aller in PMLA, vol. 49, no. 4, pp. 1025-1031

Etymology 2

Verb

alāre

second-person singular present passive subjunctive of alō

[1] Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002) “ambŭlare”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch, volumes 24: Refonte A–Aorte, page 427

[2] 1939, D. A. Paton, On the origin of aller, in Studies in French Language and Mediaeval Literature, page 301: The opinion that ambulare is the origin of aller has been and is held by so many eminent etymologists that it is with some diffidence I venture to suggest another source. [...] By these suggestions I am not attempting to prove that aller and ambler are of different origin, but only to show that such a theory is not only possible, but probable. The real and to my mind insuperable objection to ambulare as the source of aller is the phonetic question, and here we find that the supporters of ambulare, in explaining its unique development, arrive at their common conclusion by entirely different routes. Ducange would take aller as coming from ambler. Schuchardt's reasoning is as follows: – ambulare to *ammulare to *amlare to aller. [...] More recently, Meyer-Lübke's view is that ambulare was simply contracted to *allare, the contraction being particularly natural in the imperative mood. Gammillscheg also points out that ambulate, used in the army as a word of command, would easily be shortened to *alate.

[3] 1934, Eugene F. Parker, A Defense of the Etymology Allatus, Allare, Aller in PMLA, vol. 49, no. 4, pp. 1026-1027: The specious supposition that ambulare might have given rise to the various verbs of "going" in the Romance languages "by distortion, as in military commands" is unsatisfactory for two reasons. First, military commands should be clear and distinct (despite one or two notorious cases which will immediately suggest themselves). Second, there is no indication that this verb ever was used in giving commands, for there appear to be no extant copies of drill regulations of the Roman expeditionary forces.

[4] 1773, Charles Vallancey, A Grammar of the Iberno-Celtic, Or Irish Language, page 84: aill, go thou [...] from hence aller the French verb, to go

[5] 1873, Louis A. Languellier, H. M. Monsanto, A pratical course with the French language, page 487: "words which [...] belong to the ancient Gallic or Celtic speech [...include] aller, to go"

[6] 1934, Eugene F. Parker, A Defense of the Etymology Allatus, Allare, Aller in PMLA, vol. 49, no. 4, pp. 1025-1031

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Italian

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

Adjective

Related terms

Etymology 2

Noun

Etymology 3

Verb

Conjugation

Further reading

Anagrams

Latin

Etymology 1

Verb

Descendants

References

Etymology 2

Verb