User:DCDuring/Domesticated animals

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Domesticated animals

[edit]
Species and subspecies Wild ancestor Date Location of origin Purposes Image Degree and type of domestication Extent in wild vs captivity Taxon group
dog (Canis lupus familiaris)[1] Extinct Pleistocene population of gray wolf (Canis lupus spp.)[2] 13000 BCE[3][4] China,[5][6][7]

Europe[4]

Pets, hunting, herding, guarding, pest control, transportation, draft, working, show, racing, sport, meat, rescuing, guiding, fighting, service, research, policing, narcotics detection, patrol, fibre, truffle harvesting, education, therapy, leather Tame (with exceptions),[8] significant physical changes, probably significant behavioral changes Domestic and feral dogs both very common,[8] ancestor or nearest wild relative less common but not rare 1c Carnivora
goat (Capra aegagrus hircus) bezoar ibex (Capra aegagrus aegagrus) 10000 BCE[9][10][11] Iran milk, meat, fibre, skin, vellum, show, racing, fighting, clearing land, pets, horns, guarding, weed control, manure, lawn mowing Slight physical changes Common in captivity, threatened in wild, feral goats common 1b Bovidae
domestic pig (Sus scrofa domesticus) Anatolian boar (Sus scrofa libycus),[12] Northern Chinese boar (Sus scrofa moupinensis)[13] 9000 BCE[14][15][16][17] China, Western Asia meat, leather, research, show, racing, fighting, truffle harvesting, pets, tusks, guarding, manure, weed control Some physical changes Common in the wild. Much more common in captivity. Feral animals common in some areas. 1a Artiodactyla except Bovidae
domestic sheep, sheep (Ovis aries)[1] Unknown ancestor,[18] possibly Armenian mouflon (Ovis orientalis gmelini) 9000 BCE to 8500 BCE[19][20] Anatolia, Zagros mountains fibre, meat, milk, leather, pelt, vellum, pets, show, racing, research, guarding, fighting, ornamental, horns, lawn mowing, weed control, hides, manure Some physical changes Common in captivity, threatened in the wild 1b Bovidae
cattle (Bos taurus)[1][21][22] aurochs Eurasian aurochs (Bos primigenius primigenius)† 8000 BCE[23][24] China,[25] Western Asia meat, milk, leather, hides, working, plowing, draft, vellum, blood, transportation, soil fertilization, fighting, show, racing, pets, horns, guarding, dung, mount, fibre, weed control, lawn mowing Some physical changes Very common in captivity, wild relatives extinct, feral cattle fairly common 1b Bovidae
zebu (Bos taurus indicus)[1] Indian aurochs (Bos primigenius namadicus)† 8000 BCE India meat, milk, leather, hides, working, plowing, draft, vellum, blood, transportation, soil fertilization, fighting, show, racing, pets, horns, dung, mount, lawn mowing Considerable physical changes Wild relatives extinct, common in captivity 1b Bovidae
cat (Felis catus)[1] African wildcat (Felis lybica)[26] 8000–7500 BCE[26] Near East pets, meat, pest control, show, pelt, research Tame, some physical changes Very abundant in captivity, true wildcats less abundant though not rare. Feral populations very common. 1c Carnivora
chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) red junglefowl (Gallus gallus murghi) with some contribution from the Grey junglefowl (Gallus sonneratii) 6000 BCE[27] India and Southeast Asia meat, eggs, feathers, leather, show, racing, ornamental, fighting, pest control, pets, guarding, manure, weed control Some physical changes, considerable reproductive changes Very common in captivity and the wild 2b Galliformes
Guinea pig/guinea pig (Cavia porcellus) montane guinea pig (Cavia tschudii) 5000 BCE Peru pets, meat, show, racing, research, lawn mowing, weed control, manure Tame, slight physical changes Somewhat common in captivity and the wild 1d Rodentia
donkey (Equus africanus asinus) Nubian wild ass (Equus africanus africanus), Somali wild ass (Equus africanus somaliensis)[28] 5000 BCE[29][30] Egypt transportation, working, plowing, draft, mount, meat, milk, pets, racing, guarding, lawn mowing, patrol, manure, weed control Slight physical changes Somewhat common in captivity and as feral animals, wild animals critically endangered, 1e Other mammals
domestic duck (Anas platyrhynchos domesticus) mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) 4000 BCE China meat, feathers, eggs, pets, show, ornamental, guarding, pest control, weed control, manure Considerable physical changes Common in captivity, but more abundant in the wild 2a Anseriformes
water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis)[1] wild water buffalo (Bubalus arnee) 4000 BCE India, China, Philippines working, plowing, draft, mount, fighting, meat, show, racing, milk, horns, patrol, dung, lawn mowing Mainly unchanged from wild animal Common in captivity, endangered in the wild 1b Bovidae
guppy (Poecilia reticulata),[31] Cauca molly (P. caucana), Amazon molly (P. formosa), sailfin molly (P. latipinna), Poecilia mexicana ]]shortfin molly]] (P. mexicana), Liberty molly (P. salvatoris), Poecilia sphenops common molly (P. sphenops), Poecilia velifera Yucatan molly (P. velifera) and Poecilia wingei Endler's livebearer (P. wingei) Guppy (Poecilia reticulata), Cauca molly (P. caucana), Amazon molly (P. formosa), sailfin molly (P. latipinna), shortfin molly (P. mexicana), Liberty molly (P. salvatoris), common molly (P. sphenops), Yucatan molly (P. velifera) and Endler's livebearer (P. wingei) Date uncertain Barbados, Brazil, Guyana, Mexico, El Salvador, Venezuela pets, research, bait Some physical and behavioral changes. Domestication status is a point of contention. Common in captivity 5b Other fish
dromedary camel (Camelus dromedarius)[32] Thomas' camel (Camelus thomasi)†[33] 4000 BCE Arabia transportation, hunting, mount, show, milk, meat, pets, urine Tame, few physical changes Moderately common in captivity, small feral population in original range, significant feral population in Australia, true wild dromedaries may be extinct 1a Artiodactyla except Bovidae
horse (Equus ferus caballus) Extinct unknown population of wild horse possibly tarpan (Equus ferus ferus)†[34] 3500 BCE[35] Kazakhstan transportation, milk, meat, working, guiding, servicing, herding, hunting, execution, plowing, draft, mount, patrol fighting, show, racing, pets, hair, manure, lawn mowing, weed control Tame, some physical changes, mainly in coloration Common in captivity, very rare in wild, feral populations common 1e Other mammals
domestic silkmoth (Bombyx mori) wild silkmoth (Bombyx mandarina) 3000 BCE China silk, animal feed, pets, Tame/held captive, some physical changes Fairly common in captivity, wild extent unclear 6b Other insects
domestic pigeon (Columba livia domestica) rock dove (Columba livia) 3000 BCE Mediterranean Basin show, ornamental, messenger, meat, racing, pets, manure Artificially selected into many varieties, including meat breeds, racing/messenger breeds, and fancy plumage breeds Relatively common in captivity, very common in the wild, feral pigeons extremely abundant 2c Columbiformes
domestic goose (Anser anser domesticus and Anser cygnoides domesticus) greylag goose (Anser anser) and swan goose (Anser cygnoides) 3000 BCE for A. anser, date uncertain for A. cygnoides.[36] Egypt (A. anser), China (A. cygnoides) meat, feathers, eggs, show, guarding, pest control, pets, weed control, manure Considerable physical changes Common in captivity and the wild 2a Anseriformes
Yak (Bos grunniens)[1] wild yak (Bos mutus) 2500 BCE Tibet, Nepal milk, transportation, working, plowing, mount, racing, fighting, show, meat, fibre, guarding, pets, horns, patrol, dung Tame, slight physical changes Fairly common in captivity; threatened in the wild. 1b Bovidae
Bactrian camel (Camelus bactrianus) wild Bactrian camel (Camelus ferus) 2500 BCE Central Asia (Afghanistan) milk, transportation, hunting, mount, show, meat, milk, hair, pets, dung Tame, few physical changes Moderately common in captivity, critically endangered in the wild 1a Artiodactyla except Bovidae
llama (Lama glama)[1] guanaco (Lama guanicoe cacsilensis)[37] 2400 BCE[38] Peru, Bolivia transportation, working, draft, pack, meat, show, racing, pets, guarding, weed control, fibre, manure, lawn mowing Slight physical changes Fairly common in captivity and the wild 1a Artiodactyla except Bovidae
alpaca (Vicugna pacos)[1] vicuña (Vicugna vicugna mensalis)[37] 2400 BCE[38] Peru, Bolivia fibre, meat, show, pets, guarding, milk, lawn mowing, weed control, manure Considerable physical changes Fairly common in captivity and the wild 1a Artiodactyla except Bovidae
domestic guineafowl (Numida meleagris) helmeted guineafowl, West African guineafowl (Numida meleagris galeatus) 2400 BCE[39] Africa meat, eggs, pest control, show, alarming, pets, guarding, manure Mainly unaltered from wild population Somewhat common in captivity and in the wild 2b Galliformes
Fuegian dog (Lycalopex culpaeus)† culpeo (Lycalopex culpaeus) Date uncertain[40] Argentina, Chile hunting, pets, warmth, guarding Tame, slight physical changes Extinct in captivity 1c Carnivora
ferret (Mustela putorius furo) European polecat (Mustela putorius) 1500 BCE[41] Europe pets, hunting, pest control, show, racing Tame, slight physical changes Common in captivity, somewhat common in the wild. Feral ferrets rare 1c Carnivora
domestic muscovy duck (Cairina moschata domestica) Muscovy duck (Cairina moschata) 700–600 BCE[38] South America meat, feathers, eggs, show, pets, guarding, pest control, manure Tame, some physical changes Common in captivity, feral populations are rare 2a Anseriformes
Barbary dove (Streptopelia risoria) African collared dove (Streptopelia roseogrisea) 500 BCE North Africa show, pets, meat Slight physical changes Common in captivity and feral populations 2c Columbiformes
Bali cattle (Bos javanicus domesticus) Banteng, Javan banteng (Bos javanicus javanicus) Date uncertain Bali,Indonesia meat, milk, show, working, plowing, draft, horns, dung Slight physical changes Common in captivity, endangered in the wild 1b Bovidae
Gayal (Bos frontalis)[1] Gaur (Bos gaurus) Date uncertain Southeast Asia, Northeast India meat, milk, horns, dung Slight physical changes Somewhat common in captivity, threatened in the wild 1b Bovidae
domestic turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) South Mexican wild turkey (Meleagris gallopavo gallopavo) 180 CE[38] Mexico meat, feathers, eggs, show, pets, pest control, guarding, manure Considerable physical changes Common in captivity and wild 2b Galliformes
goldfish (Carassius auratus) wild goldfish (Carassius auratus)[42] 300 CE to 400 CE China pets, show, racing, ornamental, pest control Tame/held captive, significant physical changes Very common and abundant in captivity, wild extent is unclear 5a Cyprinidae
domestic rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus domesticus) Iberian rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus algirus)[43] 600 CE[44] Europe pelt, fibre, pets, show, racing, research, meat, lawn mowing, weed control, manure Tame, significant physical changes Common in captivity, rare in native habitat, common in introduced range 1e Other mammals
koi (Cyprinus rubrofuscus) Amur carp (Cyprinus rubrofuscus) 11th Century CE Japan ornamental, show, pets Tame/held captive, considerable physical changes Fairly common in captivity, threatened in the wild 5a Cyprinidae
domestic canary (Serinus canaria domestica) Atlantic canary (Serinus canaria) 15th century CE Canary Islands, Europe pets, research, show, mining, fighting Slight physical changes Common in captivity and wild 2d Passeriformes
Society finch (Lonchura striata domestica) white-rumped munia (Lonchura striata) unknown, may have been introduced to Japan sometime around the early 18th century CE[45] Japan pets, research, show Slight physical changes Fairly common in captivity; does not exist in the wild 2d Passeriformes
Fancy mouse and laboratory mouse (Mus musculus domestica) Mus musculus domesticus (Western European house mouse) (Mus musculus domesticus) 1100 BCE (China), then 17th century CE (Europe)[46] China pets, research, racing, animal feed Tame, significant physical changes Common in captivity and in the wild 1d Rodentia
fancy rat and laboratory rat (Rattus norvegicus domestica) brown rat (Rattus norvegicus) 19th century CE[47] United Kingdom pets, research, show, animal feed Tame, some physical and psychological changes Common in captivity and in the wild 1d Rodentia
mutation mink, domestic mink (Neovison vison domesticus)[48] American mink (Neovison vison) 19th century CE North America fur, hunting, pest control, pets
Some physical and psychological changes Somewhat common in captivity and in the wild 1c Carnivora
Domesticated red fox (Vulpes vulpes) Red fox (Vulpes vulpes) 1950s CE Soviet Union, Russia pelt, research, pets, fur Tame, some physical changes Very small domestic population, wild relatives fairly common 1c Carnivora
domestic hedgehog (Atelerix albiventris) four-toed hedgehog (Atelerix albiventris) 1980s CE Central and Eastern Africa pets Slight physical changes Common in the wild. Somewhat rare in captivity 1e Other mammals
domestic skunk (Mephitis mephitis) striped skunk (Mephitis mephitis) 19th century North America pets, pest control, pelt Tame when captive-bred, significant physical changes Somewhat common in captivity and in the wild 1c Carnivora
  1. ↑ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 Lua error in Module:parameters at line 858: Parameter "author3-link" is not used by this template.
  2. ^ Lua error in Module:parameters at line 858: Parameter "pmc" is not used by this template.
  3. ^ Sablin, Mikhail V., Khlopachev, Gennady A. (2002) “The Earliest Ice Age Dogs: Evidence from Eliseevichi 11”, in Current Anthropology‎[1], volume 43, number 5, →DOI, pages 795–799
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Lua error in Module:parameters at line 858: Parameter "hdl" is not used by this template.
  5. ^ Lua error in Module:parameters at line 858: Parameter "pmc" is not used by this template.
  6. ^ Lua error in Module:parameters at line 858: Parameter "pmc" is not used by this template.
  7. ^ Crapon de Caprona, Marie-Dominique, Savolainen, Peter (2013) “Extensive Phenotypic Diversity among South Chinese Dogs”, in ISRN Evolutionary Biology‎[2], retrieved 2020-01-16
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Coppinger, Ray (2001) Dogs: a Startling New Understanding of Canine Origin, Behavior and Evolution‎[3], New York: Scribner, →ISBNTemplate:page needed
  9. ^ Zeder, Melinda A. (2011) “The Origins of Agriculture in the Near East”, in Current Anthropology‎[4], volume 52, →DOI, pages S221–S235
  10. ^ Vigne, Jean-Denis (2011) “The origins of animal domestication and husbandry: A major change in the history of humanity and the biosphere”, in Comptes Rendus Biologies, volume 334, number 3, →DOI, →PMID, pages 171–181
  11. ^ Lua error in Module:parameters at line 858: Parameter "url-status" is not used by this template.
  12. ^ “The Domestication of Pigs - Sus scrofa's Two Distinct Histories”, in (Please provide the book title or journal name)‎[5], ThoughtCo, 2017 April 29, retrieved 26 July 2017
  13. ^ “Pig Domestication in Ancient China”, in (Please provide the book title or journal name)‎[6], 2005 September 12, retrieved 26 July 2017
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  15. ^ Larson, Greger, Dobney, Keith, Albarella, Umberto, Fang, Meiying, Matisoo-Smith, Elizabeth, Robins, Judith, Lowden, Stewart, Finlayson, Heather, Brand, Tina, Willerslev, Eske, Rowley-Conwy, Peter, Andersson, Leif, Cooper, Alan (2005) “Worldwide Phylogeography of Wild Boar Reveals Multiple Centers of Pig Domestication”, in Science‎[7], volume 307, number 5715, →Bibcode, →DOI, →PMID, pages 1618–21
  16. ^ Frantz, Laurent A F., Schraiber, Joshua G., Madsen, Ole, Megens, Hendrik-Jan, Cagan, Alex, Bosse, Mirte, Paudel, Yogesh, Crooijmans, Richard P M A., Larson, Greger, Groenen, Martien A M. (2015) “Evidence of long-term gene flow and selection during domestication from analyses of Eurasian wild and domestic pig genomes”, in Nature Genetics, volume 47, number 10, →DOI, →PMID, pages 1141–1148
  17. ^ “The Pig Pet Idea Project: Plausible or Unimaginable?”, in (Please provide the book title or journal name)‎[8], Radio Pet Lady Network, 2014 October 14, retrieved 22 January 2018
  18. ^ “What species is the ancestor of the domestic sheep?”, in (Please provide the book title or journal name)‎[9], Retrieverman, 2010 February 24, retrieved 14 October 2017
  19. ^ Lua error in Module:parameters at line 858: Parameter "pmc" is not used by this template.
  20. ^ Holt, Ben (2017 April 13) Animal Heroes: True Stories of Extraordinary Creatures‎[10], →ISBN
  21. ^ Cailey Rizzo ((Can we date this quote?)) “Junkyard Owner Replaces Guard Dogs With Two Fighting Bulls Because It's Spain”, in www.travelandleisure.com‎[11]
  22. ^ Govan, Fiona (2016 October 26) “Bulls replace guard dogs at scrap yard in Valencia”, in www.thelocal.es‎[12]
  23. ^ Wendorf, Fred, Schild, Romuald (1998) “Nabta Playa and its Role in Northeastern African Prehistory”, in Journal of Anthropological Archaeology, volume 17, number 2, →DOI, pages 97–123
  24. ^ Source : Laboratoire de Préhistoire et Protohistoire de l'Ouest de la France Lua error in Module:parameters at line 858: Parameter "url-status" is not used by this template., Template:in lang.
  25. ^ “Origins of cattle farming in China uncovered”, in ScienceDaily‎[13], 2020 January 16 (last accessed)
  26. ↑ 26.0 26.1 Lua error in Module:parameters at line 858: Parameter "pmc" is not used by this template.
  27. ^ West, Barbara, Zhou, Ben-Xiong (1989) “Did chickens go north? New evidence for domestication”, in World's Poultry Science Journal, volume 45, number 3, →DOI, pages 205–218
  28. ^ “Identity of Pompeii's mystery horse revealed”, in (Please provide the book title or journal name)‎[14], University of Cambridge, 2010 December 17, retrieved 30 September 2017
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  30. ^ Roger Blench, “The history and spread of donkeys in Africa”, in (Please provide the book title or journal name)‎[15], (Can we date this quote?) (235 KB)
  31. ^ Khoo, Gideon, Lim, Kok Fang, Gan, Damien K.Y., Chen, Fan, Chan, Woon-Khiong, Lim, Tit Meng, Phang, Violet P.E. (2002) “Genetic Diversity Within and Among Feral Populations and Domesticated Strains of the Guppy (Poecilia reticulata) in Singapore”, in Marine Biotechnology, volume 4, number 4, →DOI, →PMID, pages 367–378
  32. ^ “This is why people drink camel urine”, in (Please provide the book title or journal name)‎[16], Metro, 2015 June 11, retrieved 18 February 2020
  33. ^ Peters, J. (1997) “The dromedary: Ancestry, history of domestication and medical treatment in early historic times”, in Tierarztliche Praxis. Ausgabe G, Grosstiere/Nutztiere, volume 25, number 6, →PMID, pages 559–565
  34. ^ “The Genetic History of Horses”, in (Please provide the book title or journal name)‎[17], Genes to Genomes, 2016 November 7, retrieved 22 August 2017
  35. ^ Outram, Alan K., Stear, Natalie A., Bendrey, Robin, Olsen, Sandra, Kasparov, Alexei, Zaibert, Victor, Thorpe, Nick, Evershed, Richard P. (2009) “The Earliest Horse Harnessing and Milking”, in Science, volume 323, number 5919, →Bibcode, →DOI, →PMID, pages 1332–5 see also Domestication of the horse
  36. ^ Buckland, R., & Guy, G. (2002). Goose Production. Chapter 1: Origins and Breeds of Domestic Geese. FAO Agriculture Department.
  37. ↑ 37.0 37.1 A. Rosati, C. Mosoni and A. Tewolde. [18]
  38. ↑ 38.0 38.1 38.2 38.3 D.L Johnson and B.K. Swartz, Jr. Evidence for Pre-Columbian Animal Domestication in the New World
  39. ^ Lua error in Module:parameters at line 858: Parameter "url-status" is not used by this template.
  40. ^ Martial, L., (2005). Mision al Cabo de Hornos, la expedición científica francesa en la Romanche Julio de 1882 a setiembre de 1883. Ushuaia: Zaguier & Urruty Publications . pp. 225
  41. ^ Lua error in Module:parameters at line 858: Parameter "url-status" is not used by this template.
  42. ^ Rylková, Kateřina, Kalous, Lukáš, Šlechtová, Vendula, Bohlen, Jörg (2010) “Many branches, one root: First evidence for a monophyly of the morphologically highly diverse goldfish (Carassius auratus)”, in Aquaculture, volume 302, numbers 1–2, →DOI, pages 36–41
  43. ^ “New study reveals how wild rabbits were genetically transformed into tame rabbits”, in (Please provide the book title or journal name)‎[19], Phys, 2014 August 28, retrieved 6 July 2017
  44. ^ “American Livestock Breeds Conservancy News”, in www.albc-usa.org‎[20], (Can we date this quote?)
  45. ^ Svanberg, Ingvar (2008) “Towards a cultural history of the Bengalese Finch (Lonchura domestica)”, in Der Zoologische Garten, volume 77, numbers 5–6, →DOI, pages 334–344
  46. ^ Royer, Nichole. "The History of Fancy Mice". American Fancy Rat and Mouse Association. AFRMA.org. Retrieved on 2015-12-25.
  47. ^ Royer, Nichole ((Can we date this quote?)) “The History of Fancy Rats”, in American Fancy Rat & Mouse Association‎[21]
  48. ^ Decuypere ((Can we date this quote?)) “Is the Mink Domesticated?”, in (Please provide the book title or journal name)‎[22]
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