Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/sъdorvъ

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

By surface analysis, *sъ- +‎ *dorv-. Exact origin is uncertain:

Per Meillet: from *sъ̀dorvъ with accent shifted by Dybo's law, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *súdarwas, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁su-dʰor-wo-, from *dʰer- (“support, hold”). dʰ/dH is required to avoid Winter's law, which is reflected in Lithuanian ū.
- Related to *dьržati and Proto-Indo-Iranian *dʰruwás (“firm, fixed”): Persian , Avestan 𐬛𐬭𐬎𐬎𐬀 (druua, “healthy”) and possibly Proto-Finnic *terveh (“healthy; whole”)^[1].
From Proto-Indo-European *h₁su-dor(H)wo-, from *h₁su- (“well, good”) + *dóru (“tree, wood”).
- Related to *dervo (“tree, wood”), *drъvo (“tree, (pl.) wood”) and Lithuanian sū́drus (“thick, dense”), Sanskrit सुद्रु (sudrú)^[2]. Further Albanian drenjë/dreng (“strong, healthy”), Proto-Germanic *triwwiz (“true”).

Compare Latin rōbustus (< rōbur), German kerngesund (< Kern).

Adjective

*sъdòrvъ^[3]^[4]

healthy

Inflection

Accent paradigm a.

Indefinite declension of *sъdorvъ (hard)

singular	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*sъdorvъ	*sъdorva	*sъdorvo
genitive	*sъdorva	*sъdorvy	*sъdorva
dative	*sъdorvu	*sъdorvě	*sъdorvu
accusative	*sъdorvъ	*sъdorvǫ	*sъdorvo
instrumental	*sъdorvomь	*sъdorvojǫ	*sъdorvomь
locative	*sъdorvě	*sъdorvě	*sъdorvě
vocative	*sъdorve	*sъdorvo	*sъdorvo
dual	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*sъdorva	*sъdorvě	*sъdorvě
genitive	*sъdorvu	*sъdorvu	*sъdorvu
dative	*sъdorvoma	*sъdorvama	*sъdorvoma
accusative	*sъdorva	*sъdorvě	*sъdorvě
instrumental	*sъdorvoma	*sъdorvama	*sъdorvoma
locative	*sъdorvu	*sъdorvu	*sъdorvu
vocative	*sъdorva	*sъdorvě	*sъdorvě
plural	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*sъdorvi	*sъdorvy	*sъdorva
genitive	*sъdorvъ	*sъdorvъ	*sъdorvъ
dative	*sъdorvomъ	*sъdorvamъ	*sъdorvomъ
accusative	*sъdorvy	*sъdorvy	*sъdorva
instrumental	*sъdorvy	*sъdorvami	*sъdorvy
locative	*sъdorvěxъ	*sъdorvaxъ	*sъdorvěxъ
vocative	*sъdorvi	*sъdorvy	*sъdorva

Definite declension of *sъdorvъ (hard)

singular	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*sъdorvъjь	*sъdorvaja	*sъdorvoje
genitive	*sъdorvajego	*sъdorvyję̇	*sъdorvajego
dative	*sъdorvujemu	*sъdorvěji	*sъdorvujemu
accusative	*sъdorvъjь	*sъdorvǫjǫ	*sъdorvoje
instrumental	*sъdorvyjimь	*sъdorvǫjǫ	*sъdorvyjimь
locative	*sъdorvějemь	*sъdorvěji	*sъdorvějemь
vocative	*sъdorvъjь	*sъdorvaja	*sъdorvoje
dual	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*sъdorvaja	*sъdorvěji	*sъdorvěji
genitive	*sъdorvuju	*sъdorvuju	*sъdorvuju
dative	*sъdorvyjima	*sъdorvyjima	*sъdorvyjima
accusative	*sъdorvaja	*sъdorvěji	*sъdorvěji
instrumental	*sъdorvyjima	*sъdorvyjima	*sъdorvyjima
locative	*sъdorvuju	*sъdorvuju	*sъdorvuju
vocative	*sъdorvaja	*sъdorvěji	*sъdorvěji
plural	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*sъdorviji	*sъdorvyję̇	*sъdorvaja
genitive	*sъdorvъjixъ	*sъdorvъjixъ	*sъdorvъjixъ
dative	*sъdorvyjimъ	*sъdorvyjimъ	*sъdorvyjimъ
accusative	*sъdorvyję̇	*sъdorvyję̇	*sъdorvaja
instrumental	*sъdorvyjimi	*sъdorvyjimi	*sъdorvyjimi
locative	*sъdorvyjixъ	*sъdorvyjixъ	*sъdorvyjixъ
vocative	*sъdorviji	*sъdorvyję̇	*sъdorvaja

Derived terms

*sъdorvьje (“health”)
*sъdorviti (“to heal”)

Descendants

East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: съдоровъ (sŭdorovŭ), здоровъ (zdorovŭ)
  - Belarusian: здаро́вы (zdaróvy)
  - Russian: здоро́вый (zdoróvyj)
    - → Yakut: доруобай (doruobay)
  - Old Ukrainian: здоровый (zdorovyj)
    - Carpathian Rusyn: здоро́вый (zdoróvŷj)
    - Ukrainian: здоро́вий (zdoróvyj)
- Old Novgorodian: съторове (sŭtorove), съдорове (sŭdorove), сътрове (sŭtrove)
South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
  Old Cyrillic script: съдравъ (sŭdravŭ)
  
  Glagolitic script: ⱄⱏⰴⱃⰰⰲⱏ (sŭdravŭ)
  - → Russian: здравый (zdravyj, “sensible”)
  - → Carpathian Rusyn: здра́вый (zdrávŷj)
- Bulgarian: здрав (zdrav)
- Macedonian: здрав (zdrav)
- Serbo-Croatian:
  Cyrillic script: здра̏в
  
  Latin script: zdrȁv
- Slovene: zdrȁv (tonal orthography)
West Slavic:
- Old Czech: sdravý
  - Czech: zdravý
- Old Polish: zdrowy
  - Polish: zdrowy, zdrów
- Slovak: zdravý
- Sorbian:
  - Upper Sorbian: strowy
  - Lower Sorbian: strowy

References

^ Holopainen, Sampsa (2020) “Indo-Iranian loanwords in Finnic — a critical overview”, in Acta Linguistica Petropolitana, volume 16.3, 3.2.29. Terve "health, whole", page 649
^ Pokorny, Julius (1959) “sū-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 1037
^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*sъdòrvъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 478: “adj. o (a) ‘healthy’”
^ Olander, Thomas (2001) “sъdorvъ”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List‎^[1], Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “a sund (PR 133; MP 22)”

[1] Holopainen, Sampsa (2020) “Indo-Iranian loanwords in Finnic — a critical overview”, in Acta Linguistica Petropolitana, volume 16.3, 3.2.29. Terve "health, whole", page 649

[2] Pokorny, Julius (1959) “sū-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 1037

[3] Derksen, Rick (2008) “*sъdòrvъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 478: “adj. o (a) ‘healthy’”

[4] Olander, Thomas (2001) “sъdorvъ”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List‎^[1], Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “a sund (PR 133; MP 22)”

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